Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the deve...Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.展开更多
Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion(Li+) kinetics of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4) anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising...Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion(Li+) kinetics of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4) anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising potential in balancing structural stability and enhancing reaction kinetics.However,their controlled synthesis mechanisms remain elusive.Herein,a substrate interface engineering strategy is developed to achieve controllable synthesis of mesocrystalline and polycrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanorods.Remarkably,mesocrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) exhibits a high capacity retention rate of 85.7% after 500 cycles at 2 A/g,attributed to its porous structure facilitating Li^(+) transport kinetics and unique stress-buffering effect validated by ex-situ TEM.Theoretical calculations and interfacial chemical analysis reveal that substratecrystal surface engineering regulates the nucleation-growth pathways:Acid-treated nickel foam enables epitaxial growth via lattice matching,acting as a low-interfacial-energy template to reduce nucleation barriers and promote low-temperature oriented crystallization.In contrast,carbon cloth requires hightemperature thermal activation to overcome surface diffusion barriers induced by elevated interfacial energy.This substrate-driven crystallization kinetic modulation overcomes the limitations of random nucleation in conventional hydrothermal synthesis.The established substrate-crystal interfacial interaction model not only clarifies the kinetic essence of crystal orientation regulation but also provides a universal theoretical framework for lattice-matching design and mesostructural optimization of advanced electrode materials.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent bioc...Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308358,22208346,22421003)IPE Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-05)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038).
文摘Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.52401273)Science and Technology Department of Henan (Nos.242102241007,252102320178 and 252102321067)Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers in Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province (No.2024GGJS101)。
文摘Structural instability and sluggish lithium-ion(Li+) kinetics of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4) anodes severely hinder their applications in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.Mesocrystalline structures exhibit promising potential in balancing structural stability and enhancing reaction kinetics.However,their controlled synthesis mechanisms remain elusive.Herein,a substrate interface engineering strategy is developed to achieve controllable synthesis of mesocrystalline and polycrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanorods.Remarkably,mesocrystalline NiCo_(2)O_(4) exhibits a high capacity retention rate of 85.7% after 500 cycles at 2 A/g,attributed to its porous structure facilitating Li^(+) transport kinetics and unique stress-buffering effect validated by ex-situ TEM.Theoretical calculations and interfacial chemical analysis reveal that substratecrystal surface engineering regulates the nucleation-growth pathways:Acid-treated nickel foam enables epitaxial growth via lattice matching,acting as a low-interfacial-energy template to reduce nucleation barriers and promote low-temperature oriented crystallization.In contrast,carbon cloth requires hightemperature thermal activation to overcome surface diffusion barriers induced by elevated interfacial energy.This substrate-driven crystallization kinetic modulation overcomes the limitations of random nucleation in conventional hydrothermal synthesis.The established substrate-crystal interfacial interaction model not only clarifies the kinetic essence of crystal orientation regulation but also provides a universal theoretical framework for lattice-matching design and mesostructural optimization of advanced electrode materials.
基金supported by the grants from University of Macao,China,Nos.MYRG2022-00221-ICMS(to YZ)and MYRG-CRG2022-00011-ICMS(to RW)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010034(to YZ)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.
