This study investigates the effects of sampling conditions on volatile organic compound(VOC)compositions including different flow restrictors,SUMMA volumes,sampling heights,and wind speeds.Results show that at the six...This study investigates the effects of sampling conditions on volatile organic compound(VOC)compositions including different flow restrictors,SUMMA volumes,sampling heights,and wind speeds.Results show that at the six sampling heights the concentrations of main VOC species were slightly different,while the wind speed had a greater impact on the VOC composition of source profiles.With the increase of wind speed,the weighted percentage of high-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons was higher.Besides,there was an extremely different profile between the normal production and shutdown conditions of the delayed coking unit.To compare the emission characteristics of VOCs in various process units of the S and the C refineries,the samples were collected from the catalytic cracking unit,the continuous catalytic reforming unit,and the delayed coking unit.In the continuous catalytic reforming unit,C3-C5 alkanes and low-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons were the main components collected from the S and the C refineries,accounting for 67.1%and 34.9%,respectively.For the delayed coking unit,the total weighted percentage of high carbon C6-C12 alkanes was significantly higher than other units in the S and the C refineries,accounting for 30.5%and 24.4%,respectively.In the catalytic cracking unit,the low-carbon C2-C5 alkanes were abundant,and the weighted percentage of propylene was higher.The emission characteristics obtained were consistent with the processing technology of production units.The results indicate that the VOC emission characteristics from the same production unit in different refineries have similarities and significant differences which are related to the technological process.The emission characteristics of VOCs could provide the data support for source apportionment work in the production units.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus （TAV） -free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ＇Huaibai＇, in order to provide a theoretical bas...[ Objective ] The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus （TAV） -free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ＇Huaibai＇, in order to provide a theoretical basis for field popularization and application of TAV-free ＇ Huai bai＇ plantlets. [ Method] With previously acquired TAV-free test-tube plantlets of ＇ Huaibai＇ as the experimental materials and its ordinary test-tube plantlets as the control （CK）, chlorophyll content and some indexes related to nitrogen metabolism in leaves were determined during subculture. [ Result] During subculture, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of CK and TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ test-tube plantlets increased with the subculture days. Both realized the largest increase at the 22＇h day of subculture, and their increase amplitudes were 5.24% and 41.69%, respectively. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of TAV-free test-tube plantlets increased at the same time point of subculture, with significant difference （P 〈0.05） or extremely significant difference （P 〈0.01 ）. Further- more, the nitrate reductase （NR） activity, free proline and soluble protein contents of TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ were all significantly higher than those of CK, and the highest increase amplitudes were 27.99% （ subculture for 22 d）, 28.10% （ subculture for 22 d） and 5.89% （ subculture for 38 d）, respectively. [ Conclusion] TAV-free could effectively improve chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism level of ＇ Huaibai＇ , and was conducive to its growth and development.展开更多
基金This study was funded by the Natural Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2016YFC0801301)the SINOPEC Program(Grant No.319022-10).
文摘This study investigates the effects of sampling conditions on volatile organic compound(VOC)compositions including different flow restrictors,SUMMA volumes,sampling heights,and wind speeds.Results show that at the six sampling heights the concentrations of main VOC species were slightly different,while the wind speed had a greater impact on the VOC composition of source profiles.With the increase of wind speed,the weighted percentage of high-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons was higher.Besides,there was an extremely different profile between the normal production and shutdown conditions of the delayed coking unit.To compare the emission characteristics of VOCs in various process units of the S and the C refineries,the samples were collected from the catalytic cracking unit,the continuous catalytic reforming unit,and the delayed coking unit.In the continuous catalytic reforming unit,C3-C5 alkanes and low-carbon aromatic hydrocarbons were the main components collected from the S and the C refineries,accounting for 67.1%and 34.9%,respectively.For the delayed coking unit,the total weighted percentage of high carbon C6-C12 alkanes was significantly higher than other units in the S and the C refineries,accounting for 30.5%and 24.4%,respectively.In the catalytic cracking unit,the low-carbon C2-C5 alkanes were abundant,and the weighted percentage of propylene was higher.The emission characteristics obtained were consistent with the processing technology of production units.The results indicate that the VOC emission characteristics from the same production unit in different refineries have similarities and significant differences which are related to the technological process.The emission characteristics of VOCs could provide the data support for source apportionment work in the production units.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372105)Subproject of Special Research of National Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry(201407005-08)+1 种基金Support Project of Science and Technology Innovation Teams in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(15IRTSTHN020)Project for Construction of Innovative Science and Technology Talent Team in Henan Province(C20130037)
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to explore effects of Tomato aspermy virus （TAV） -free on chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ＇Huaibai＇, in order to provide a theoretical basis for field popularization and application of TAV-free ＇ Huai bai＇ plantlets. [ Method] With previously acquired TAV-free test-tube plantlets of ＇ Huaibai＇ as the experimental materials and its ordinary test-tube plantlets as the control （CK）, chlorophyll content and some indexes related to nitrogen metabolism in leaves were determined during subculture. [ Result] During subculture, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of CK and TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ test-tube plantlets increased with the subculture days. Both realized the largest increase at the 22＇h day of subculture, and their increase amplitudes were 5.24% and 41.69%, respectively. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of TAV-free test-tube plantlets increased at the same time point of subculture, with significant difference （P 〈0.05） or extremely significant difference （P 〈0.01 ）. Further- more, the nitrate reductase （NR） activity, free proline and soluble protein contents of TAV-free ＇ Huaibai＇ were all significantly higher than those of CK, and the highest increase amplitudes were 27.99% （ subculture for 22 d）, 28.10% （ subculture for 22 d） and 5.89% （ subculture for 38 d）, respectively. [ Conclusion] TAV-free could effectively improve chlorophyll content and nitrogen metabolism level of ＇ Huaibai＇ , and was conducive to its growth and development.
