Introduction:Nurse specialists are being cultivated and trained in China to cope with the international development of nursing discipline.However,an empirical summary and reviews of literature have shown a lack of cor...Introduction:Nurse specialists are being cultivated and trained in China to cope with the international development of nursing discipline.However,an empirical summary and reviews of literature have shown a lack of core competence evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialists(ENSs)in China.ENS training has been conducted in several regions without any effective competence evaluation standards.This paper describes the development and psychometric testing of the Core Competence Evaluation Standards for Emergency Nurse Specialists(CCESENS)in the Chinese context.Methods:Several rigorous research methods were applied.The proposed evaluation process consisted of two phases with seven steps.First,the Core Competence Framework Model for Emergency Nurse Specialist(CCFMENS)was established,and 118 items were generated through a review of literature,theoretical analysis,and expert interviews.Drafts of the dimensions and items were evaluated by two-round Delphi methods.Analysis hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each dimension.Second,field testing was performed among 138 senior emergency nurses.Internal consistency and correlation analysis were applied to test the reliability and validity of the model.Results:The CCESENS consisted of five first-level dimensions,16 second-level dimensions,and 55 items.Cronbach's a coefficient of overall standards was 0.972,and each dimension ranged from 0.508 to 0.972.Expert content validity index was 0.818,and the correlation coefficients of the five first-level dimensions with the overall standards CCESENS ranged from 0.701 to 0.886(P<0.05).Discussion:The CCESENS demonstrated sound internal consistency reliability,content validity,and construct validity.The proposed standard provides an objective standard and reference for assessing,training,and evaluating core competence of ENS.展开更多
1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symp...1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].展开更多
锥栗是我国南方重要的木本粮食树种。为探究其响应不同程度干旱胁迫的分子机制,以锥栗幼苗为对象,设置对照组(土壤相对含水量80%~90%)以及干旱胁迫T2(土壤相对含水量40%~50%)和T4(土壤相对含水量20%~30%)两个处理组,采集叶片进行代谢组...锥栗是我国南方重要的木本粮食树种。为探究其响应不同程度干旱胁迫的分子机制,以锥栗幼苗为对象,设置对照组(土壤相对含水量80%~90%)以及干旱胁迫T2(土壤相对含水量40%~50%)和T4(土壤相对含水量20%~30%)两个处理组,采集叶片进行代谢组学分析。结果显示:CK vs T2处理的差异代谢物总数为128个,CK vs T4处理的差异代谢物总数为124个,T2 vs T4处理的差异代谢物总数为164个。在干旱胁迫10 d和20 d条件下共有极显著上调(P<0.01)的差异代谢物为衣康酸,判定其是锥栗抗干旱的关键代谢物质。通过代谢通路的影响因子总共筛选出14条主要通路,其中β-丙氨酸代谢与淀粉和蔗糖代谢是干旱胁迫10 d和20 d条件下共同存在的代谢通路,证明这2条代谢通路与锥栗抗旱性存在密切关联。研究结果可为深入研究锥栗的耐旱机制奠定理论基础。展开更多
基金the support from the Shanghai Nursing Association and the Second Military Medical University.
文摘Introduction:Nurse specialists are being cultivated and trained in China to cope with the international development of nursing discipline.However,an empirical summary and reviews of literature have shown a lack of core competence evaluation standards for emergency nurse specialists(ENSs)in China.ENS training has been conducted in several regions without any effective competence evaluation standards.This paper describes the development and psychometric testing of the Core Competence Evaluation Standards for Emergency Nurse Specialists(CCESENS)in the Chinese context.Methods:Several rigorous research methods were applied.The proposed evaluation process consisted of two phases with seven steps.First,the Core Competence Framework Model for Emergency Nurse Specialist(CCFMENS)was established,and 118 items were generated through a review of literature,theoretical analysis,and expert interviews.Drafts of the dimensions and items were evaluated by two-round Delphi methods.Analysis hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each dimension.Second,field testing was performed among 138 senior emergency nurses.Internal consistency and correlation analysis were applied to test the reliability and validity of the model.Results:The CCESENS consisted of five first-level dimensions,16 second-level dimensions,and 55 items.Cronbach's a coefficient of overall standards was 0.972,and each dimension ranged from 0.508 to 0.972.Expert content validity index was 0.818,and the correlation coefficients of the five first-level dimensions with the overall standards CCESENS ranged from 0.701 to 0.886(P<0.05).Discussion:The CCESENS demonstrated sound internal consistency reliability,content validity,and construct validity.The proposed standard provides an objective standard and reference for assessing,training,and evaluating core competence of ENS.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2019-I2M-5-023)Hainan Provincial Science and Technology Major Project(No.ZDKJ201804)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871611)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760352)Project of Hainan Provincial Department of Education(No.Hnjg2019ZD-16)
文摘1.Introduction Sudden cardiac death(SCD)refers to sudden death due to a variety of cardiac causes.It is manifested as a sudden loss of consciousness,cardiac arrest,and respiratory arrest and generally shows early symptoms that are atypical and not easily detected[1].According to a recent study,nearly 544000 patients suffer from SCD every year in China[2].
文摘锥栗是我国南方重要的木本粮食树种。为探究其响应不同程度干旱胁迫的分子机制,以锥栗幼苗为对象,设置对照组(土壤相对含水量80%~90%)以及干旱胁迫T2(土壤相对含水量40%~50%)和T4(土壤相对含水量20%~30%)两个处理组,采集叶片进行代谢组学分析。结果显示:CK vs T2处理的差异代谢物总数为128个,CK vs T4处理的差异代谢物总数为124个,T2 vs T4处理的差异代谢物总数为164个。在干旱胁迫10 d和20 d条件下共有极显著上调(P<0.01)的差异代谢物为衣康酸,判定其是锥栗抗干旱的关键代谢物质。通过代谢通路的影响因子总共筛选出14条主要通路,其中β-丙氨酸代谢与淀粉和蔗糖代谢是干旱胁迫10 d和20 d条件下共同存在的代谢通路,证明这2条代谢通路与锥栗抗旱性存在密切关联。研究结果可为深入研究锥栗的耐旱机制奠定理论基础。
