Dear Editor,This letter develops a novel method to implement event-triggered optimal control(ETOC) for discrete-time nonlinear systems using parallel control and deep reinforcement learning(DRL), referred to as Deep-E...Dear Editor,This letter develops a novel method to implement event-triggered optimal control(ETOC) for discrete-time nonlinear systems using parallel control and deep reinforcement learning(DRL), referred to as Deep-ETOC. The developed Deep-ETOC method introduces the communication cost into the performance index through parallel control, so that the developed method enables control systems to learn ETOC policies directly without triggering conditions.展开更多
The rising.demand for portable and environmentally sustainableenergyfor use in the electronic/electrical equipment,automobile,and so on has resulted in an ever-increasing development in the rechargeable metal-ion-batt...The rising.demand for portable and environmentally sustainableenergyfor use in the electronic/electrical equipment,automobile,and so on has resulted in an ever-increasing development in the rechargeable metal-ion-battery technologies.The anode is a crucial component of the battery system,influencing both the cost and overall performance of the batteries.To optimize the electrochemical properties of anode materials,constructing the dual-phase structure has been identified as an effective strategy.The mutual buffering between phases helps alleviate dramatic volume changes,while the abundant interfaces increase active sites and enhance the ion transport.In this review,the research and development of main anode materials with dual-phase configurations in Li/Mg ion batteries are summarized and discussed.The fabrication methods,regulation strategy,electrochemical performance,as well as enhancement mechanisms of dual-phase Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)-TiO_(2) composites,TiO_(2)-based composites,alloy-type materials,and other types of dual-phase anodes are reviewed and compared in detail.Moreover,some perspectives about the future progress of dual-phase anode materials for metal-ion batteries are proposed.展开更多
基金supported by the Motion G,Inc.Collaborative Research Project for Fundamental Modeling and Parallel Drive-Control of Servo Drive Systems。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter develops a novel method to implement event-triggered optimal control(ETOC) for discrete-time nonlinear systems using parallel control and deep reinforcement learning(DRL), referred to as Deep-ETOC. The developed Deep-ETOC method introduces the communication cost into the performance index through parallel control, so that the developed method enables control systems to learn ETOC policies directly without triggering conditions.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.2145162304 and BK20210893)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742164)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305104).
文摘The rising.demand for portable and environmentally sustainableenergyfor use in the electronic/electrical equipment,automobile,and so on has resulted in an ever-increasing development in the rechargeable metal-ion-battery technologies.The anode is a crucial component of the battery system,influencing both the cost and overall performance of the batteries.To optimize the electrochemical properties of anode materials,constructing the dual-phase structure has been identified as an effective strategy.The mutual buffering between phases helps alleviate dramatic volume changes,while the abundant interfaces increase active sites and enhance the ion transport.In this review,the research and development of main anode materials with dual-phase configurations in Li/Mg ion batteries are summarized and discussed.The fabrication methods,regulation strategy,electrochemical performance,as well as enhancement mechanisms of dual-phase Li_(4)Ti_(5)O_(12)-TiO_(2) composites,TiO_(2)-based composites,alloy-type materials,and other types of dual-phase anodes are reviewed and compared in detail.Moreover,some perspectives about the future progress of dual-phase anode materials for metal-ion batteries are proposed.
