Rechargeable metal-air batteries have gained significant interest due to their high energy density and environmental benignity.However,these batteries face significant challenges,particularly related to the air-breath...Rechargeable metal-air batteries have gained significant interest due to their high energy density and environmental benignity.However,these batteries face significant challenges,particularly related to the air-breathing electrode,resulting in poor cycle life,low efficiency,and catalyst degradation.Developing a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst remains difficult,as oxygen electrocatalysis involves sluggish kinetics and follows different reaction pathways,often requiring distinct active sites.Consequently,the poorly understood mechanisms and irreversible surface reconstruction in the catalyst’s microenvironment,such as atomic modulation,nano-/microscale,and surface interfaces,lead to accelerated degradation during charge and discharge cycles.Overcoming these barriers requires advancements in the development and understanding of bifunctional electrocatalysts.In this review,the critical components of metal-air batteries,the associated challenges,and the current engineering approaches to address these issues are discussed.Additionally,the mechanisms of oxygen electrocatalysis on the air electrodes are examined,along with insights into how chemical characteristics of materials influence these mechanisms.Furthermore,recent advances in bifunctional electrocatalysts are highlighted,with an emphasis on the synthesis strategies,microenvironmental modulations,and stabilized systems demonstrating efficient performance,particularly zinc-and lithium-air batteries.Finally,perspectives and future research directions are provided for designing efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2021YFA1600800 and 2021YFA1501000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YCJJ20242227)+3 种基金the Research Plan of International Collaboration Fund for Creative Research Teams(ICFCRT)of NSFC(No.W2441008)the open research fund of Suzhou Laboratory(No.SZLAB-1308-2024-ZD010)the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Devices(B21003)supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement(Grant No.101102946 and Grant No.945422).
文摘Rechargeable metal-air batteries have gained significant interest due to their high energy density and environmental benignity.However,these batteries face significant challenges,particularly related to the air-breathing electrode,resulting in poor cycle life,low efficiency,and catalyst degradation.Developing a robust bifunctional electrocatalyst remains difficult,as oxygen electrocatalysis involves sluggish kinetics and follows different reaction pathways,often requiring distinct active sites.Consequently,the poorly understood mechanisms and irreversible surface reconstruction in the catalyst’s microenvironment,such as atomic modulation,nano-/microscale,and surface interfaces,lead to accelerated degradation during charge and discharge cycles.Overcoming these barriers requires advancements in the development and understanding of bifunctional electrocatalysts.In this review,the critical components of metal-air batteries,the associated challenges,and the current engineering approaches to address these issues are discussed.Additionally,the mechanisms of oxygen electrocatalysis on the air electrodes are examined,along with insights into how chemical characteristics of materials influence these mechanisms.Furthermore,recent advances in bifunctional electrocatalysts are highlighted,with an emphasis on the synthesis strategies,microenvironmental modulations,and stabilized systems demonstrating efficient performance,particularly zinc-and lithium-air batteries.Finally,perspectives and future research directions are provided for designing efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries.
