Seed priming,a pre-sowing technique that enhances the antioxidant/DNA repair activities during the pre-germinative metabolism,still retains empirical features.We explore for the first time the molecular dynamics of pr...Seed priming,a pre-sowing technique that enhances the antioxidant/DNA repair activities during the pre-germinative metabolism,still retains empirical features.We explore for the first time the molecular dynamics of pre-germinative metabolism in primed eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)seeds in order to identify hallmarks(expression patterns of antioxidant/DNA repair genes combined with free radical profiles)useful to discriminate between high-and lowquality lots.The hydropriming protocol hereby developed anticipated(or even rescued)germination,when applied to lots with variable quality.ROS(reactive oxygen species)raised during hydropriming and dropped after dry-back.Upregulation of antioxidant/DNA repair genes was observed during hydropriming and the subsequent imbibition.Upregulation of SmOGG1(8-oxoguanine glycosylase/lyase)gene detected in primed seeds at 2 h of imbibition appeared as a promising hallmark.On the basis of these results,the investigation was restricted within the first 2 h of imbibition,to verify whether the molecular landscape was reproducible in different lots.A complex pattern of antioxidant/DNA repair gene expression emerged,reflecting the preponderance of seed lot-specific profiles.Only the low-quality eggplant seeds subjected to hydropriming showed enhanced ROS levels,both in the dry and imbibed state,and this might be a useful signature to discriminate among lots.The plasticity of eggplant pre-germinative metabolism stimulated by priming imposes a plethora of heterogeneous molecular responses that might delay the search for quality hallmarks.However,the information hereby gained could be translated to eggplant wild relatives to speed-up their use in breeding programs or other agronomical applications.展开更多
Fruit pigmentation is a major signal that attracts frugivores to enable seed dispersal.In mostfleshy fruit,green chlorophyll typically accumulates early in development and is replaced by a range of pigments during rip...Fruit pigmentation is a major signal that attracts frugivores to enable seed dispersal.In mostfleshy fruit,green chlorophyll typically accumulates early in development and is replaced by a range of pigments during ripening.In species such as grape and strawberry,chlorophyll is replaced by red anthocyanins produced by theflavonoid biosynthetic pathway.Eggplant(Solanum melongena)is unique,as its fruit accumulates an-thocyanins beginning from fruit set,and these are later replaced by the yellowflavonoid-pathway interme-diate naringenin chalcone.To decipher the genetic regulation of this extraordinary pigmentation shift,we integrated mRNA and microRNA(miRNA)profiling data obtained from developing eggplant fruit.We discovered that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE(i.e.,SPL6a,SPL10,and SPL15),MYB1,and MYB2 transcription factors(TFs)regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in early fruit development,whereas the MYB12 TF controls later accumulation of naringenin chalcone.We further show that miRNA157 and miRNA858 negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and MYB12,respectively.Taken together,ourfind-ings suggest that opposing and complementary expression of miRNAs and TFs controls the pigmentation switch in eggplant fruit skin.Intriguingly,despite the distinctive pigmentation pattern in eggplant,fruit development in other species makes use of homologous regulatory factors to control the temporal and spatial production of different pigment classes.展开更多
Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) yield is highly sensitive to N fertilization, the excessive use of which is responsible for environmental and human health damage.Lowering N input together with the selection of improved...Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) yield is highly sensitive to N fertilization, the excessive use of which is responsible for environmental and human health damage.Lowering N input together with the selection of improved Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE) genotypes, more able to uptake, utilize, and remobilize N available in soils, can be challenging to maintain high crop yields in a sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to explore the natural variation among eggplant accessions from different origins, in response to Low(LN) and High(HN)Nitrate(NO3^-) supply, to identify NUE-contrasting genotypes and their NUE-related traits, in hydroponic and greenhouse pot experiments. Two eggplants, AM222 and AM22, were identified as N-use efficient and inefficient,respectively, in hydroponic, and these results were confirmed in a pot experiment, when crop yield was also evaluated. Overall, our results indicated the key role of Nutilization component(NUt E) to confer high NUE. The remobilization of N from leaves to fruits may be a strategy to enhance NUt E, suggesting glutamate synthase as a key enzyme. Further, omics technologies will be used for focusing on C-N metabolism interacting networks. The availability of RILs from two other selected NUE-contrasting genotypes will allow us to detect major genes/quantitative trait loci related to NUE.展开更多
基金supported by CARIPLO Foundation in the frame of the WAKEAPT project(Code 2016-0723)(‘Seed Wake-up with Aptamers:a New Technology for Dormancy Release and Improved Seed Priming’)and by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(MIUR):Dipartimenti di Eccellenza Program(2018-2022)-Dept.of Biology and Biotechnology“L.Spallanzani”,University of Pavia(to C.F.,A.P.,A.M.,and A.B.).C.F.,L.B.,and A.P.have been awarded by a Research Fellowship from CARIPLO Foundation in the frame of the WAKE-APT project(Code 2016-0723).
文摘Seed priming,a pre-sowing technique that enhances the antioxidant/DNA repair activities during the pre-germinative metabolism,still retains empirical features.We explore for the first time the molecular dynamics of pre-germinative metabolism in primed eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)seeds in order to identify hallmarks(expression patterns of antioxidant/DNA repair genes combined with free radical profiles)useful to discriminate between high-and lowquality lots.The hydropriming protocol hereby developed anticipated(or even rescued)germination,when applied to lots with variable quality.ROS(reactive oxygen species)raised during hydropriming and dropped after dry-back.Upregulation of antioxidant/DNA repair genes was observed during hydropriming and the subsequent imbibition.Upregulation of SmOGG1(8-oxoguanine glycosylase/lyase)gene detected in primed seeds at 2 h of imbibition appeared as a promising hallmark.On the basis of these results,the investigation was restricted within the first 2 h of imbibition,to verify whether the molecular landscape was reproducible in different lots.A complex pattern of antioxidant/DNA repair gene expression emerged,reflecting the preponderance of seed lot-specific profiles.Only the low-quality eggplant seeds subjected to hydropriming showed enhanced ROS levels,both in the dry and imbibed state,and this might be a useful signature to discriminate among lots.The plasticity of eggplant pre-germinative metabolism stimulated by priming imposes a plethora of heterogeneous molecular responses that might delay the search for quality hallmarks.However,the information hereby gained could be translated to eggplant wild relatives to speed-up their use in breeding programs or other agronomical applications.
基金the Abney Foundation,Leona M.and Harry B.Helmsley Charitable TrustJeanne and Joseph Nissim Foundation for Life Sciences+1 种基金Tom and Sondra Rykoff Family Foundation Researchthe Raymond Burton Plant Genome Research Fund for supporting the AA lab activity.
文摘Fruit pigmentation is a major signal that attracts frugivores to enable seed dispersal.In mostfleshy fruit,green chlorophyll typically accumulates early in development and is replaced by a range of pigments during ripening.In species such as grape and strawberry,chlorophyll is replaced by red anthocyanins produced by theflavonoid biosynthetic pathway.Eggplant(Solanum melongena)is unique,as its fruit accumulates an-thocyanins beginning from fruit set,and these are later replaced by the yellowflavonoid-pathway interme-diate naringenin chalcone.To decipher the genetic regulation of this extraordinary pigmentation shift,we integrated mRNA and microRNA(miRNA)profiling data obtained from developing eggplant fruit.We discovered that SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE(i.e.,SPL6a,SPL10,and SPL15),MYB1,and MYB2 transcription factors(TFs)regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in early fruit development,whereas the MYB12 TF controls later accumulation of naringenin chalcone.We further show that miRNA157 and miRNA858 negatively regulate the expression of SPLs and MYB12,respectively.Taken together,ourfind-ings suggest that opposing and complementary expression of miRNAs and TFs controls the pigmentation switch in eggplant fruit skin.Intriguingly,despite the distinctive pigmentation pattern in eggplant,fruit development in other species makes use of homologous regulatory factors to control the temporal and spatial production of different pigment classes.
基金funding from the Ph D course“Scienze,tecnologie e biotecnologie per la sostenibilità”and the Department AGRARIA at UniversitàMediterranea di Reggio Calabria for supporting A.M.research activity。
文摘Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) yield is highly sensitive to N fertilization, the excessive use of which is responsible for environmental and human health damage.Lowering N input together with the selection of improved Nitrogen-Use-Efficiency(NUE) genotypes, more able to uptake, utilize, and remobilize N available in soils, can be challenging to maintain high crop yields in a sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to explore the natural variation among eggplant accessions from different origins, in response to Low(LN) and High(HN)Nitrate(NO3^-) supply, to identify NUE-contrasting genotypes and their NUE-related traits, in hydroponic and greenhouse pot experiments. Two eggplants, AM222 and AM22, were identified as N-use efficient and inefficient,respectively, in hydroponic, and these results were confirmed in a pot experiment, when crop yield was also evaluated. Overall, our results indicated the key role of Nutilization component(NUt E) to confer high NUE. The remobilization of N from leaves to fruits may be a strategy to enhance NUt E, suggesting glutamate synthase as a key enzyme. Further, omics technologies will be used for focusing on C-N metabolism interacting networks. The availability of RILs from two other selected NUE-contrasting genotypes will allow us to detect major genes/quantitative trait loci related to NUE.
