Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about l...Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about labeonines have been undertaken the results have been inconsistent and a comprehensive phylogeny is needed. Further, an incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. In this study, a total of 292 nucleotide sequences from 73 individuals （representing 24 genera and 73 species） of Labeoninae were analyzed. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are four major clades within Labeoninae and three monophyletic lineages within the fourth clade. Results of the character evolution show that all oromandibular morphological characters are homoplastically distributed on the molecular phylogenetic tree and suggests that these characters evolved several times during the history of labeonines. In particular, the labeonine, a specific disc on the lower lip, has been acquired three times and reversed twice. These morphological characters do not have systematic significance but can be useful for taxonomy. The results of biogeography suggest that the Labeoninae originated from Southeast Asia and separately dispersed to Africa, East Asia and South Asia.展开更多
In mammals,the growth and maturation of oocytes within growing follicles largely depends on ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)in response to gonadotropin stimulation.Many signals have been shown to regulate GC proliferation...In mammals,the growth and maturation of oocytes within growing follicles largely depends on ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)in response to gonadotropin stimulation.Many signals have been shown to regulate GC proliferation and apoptosis.However,whether the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is involved remains unclear.In this study,we identified the crucial roles of SHP2 in modulating GC proliferation and apoptosis.The production of both mature oocytes and pups was increased in mice with Shp2 specifically deleted in ovarian GCs via Fshr-Cre.Shp2 deletion simultaneously promoted GC proliferation and inhibited GC apoptosis.Furthermore,Shp2 deficiency promoted,while Shp2 overexpression inhibited,the proliferation of cultured primary mouse ovarian GCs and the human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN in vitro.Shp2 deficiency promoted follicule-stimulating hormone(FSH)-activated phosphorylation of AKT in vivo.SHP2 deficiency reversed the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))on AKT activation in KGN cells.H_(2)O_(2) treatment promoted the interaction between SHP2 and the p85 subunit of PI3K in KGN cells.Therefore,SHP2 in GCs may act as a negative modulator to balance follicular development by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling.The novel function of SHP2 in modulating proliferation and apoptosis of GCs provides a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of follicle developmental dysfunction.展开更多
基金Great thanks to Rick Winterbottom for his hard work on improving this manuscript and Abebe Getahun for graciously providing a part of his dissertation. We thank LN Du, MN He, WS Jiang, JH Lan, R Min, B Yang and J Yang for sample collection. GH Cui provided information on collection localities. L Jia and WY Wang helped with laboratory work. GH Yu and YF Huang provided advice on the study. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30730017, 31201707）, National Basic Research Program of China （2007CB411600, 2008GA001）, Western Light Doctor Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Program （2009CC008）.
文摘Abstract The Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, Order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. Although several phylogenetic studies about labeonines have been undertaken the results have been inconsistent and a comprehensive phylogeny is needed. Further, an incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. In this study, a total of 292 nucleotide sequences from 73 individuals （representing 24 genera and 73 species） of Labeoninae were analyzed. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that there are four major clades within Labeoninae and three monophyletic lineages within the fourth clade. Results of the character evolution show that all oromandibular morphological characters are homoplastically distributed on the molecular phylogenetic tree and suggests that these characters evolved several times during the history of labeonines. In particular, the labeonine, a specific disc on the lower lip, has been acquired three times and reversed twice. These morphological characters do not have systematic significance but can be useful for taxonomy. The results of biogeography suggest that the Labeoninae originated from Southeast Asia and separately dispersed to Africa, East Asia and South Asia.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1003701 and 2017YFC1001402)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970797 and 31671564).
文摘In mammals,the growth and maturation of oocytes within growing follicles largely depends on ovarian granulosa cells(GCs)in response to gonadotropin stimulation.Many signals have been shown to regulate GC proliferation and apoptosis.However,whether the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is involved remains unclear.In this study,we identified the crucial roles of SHP2 in modulating GC proliferation and apoptosis.The production of both mature oocytes and pups was increased in mice with Shp2 specifically deleted in ovarian GCs via Fshr-Cre.Shp2 deletion simultaneously promoted GC proliferation and inhibited GC apoptosis.Furthermore,Shp2 deficiency promoted,while Shp2 overexpression inhibited,the proliferation of cultured primary mouse ovarian GCs and the human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN in vitro.Shp2 deficiency promoted follicule-stimulating hormone(FSH)-activated phosphorylation of AKT in vivo.SHP2 deficiency reversed the inhibitory effect of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))on AKT activation in KGN cells.H_(2)O_(2) treatment promoted the interaction between SHP2 and the p85 subunit of PI3K in KGN cells.Therefore,SHP2 in GCs may act as a negative modulator to balance follicular development by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling.The novel function of SHP2 in modulating proliferation and apoptosis of GCs provides a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of follicle developmental dysfunction.
