Nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN),a precursor in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)biosynthesis,has long been recognized for its pivotal role in medicine.Recent investigations have suggested its potential as a plan...Nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN),a precursor in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)biosynthesis,has long been recognized for its pivotal role in medicine.Recent investigations have suggested its potential as a plant immunity inducer for controlling fungal diseases.However,whether NMN confers plant broad-spectrum resistance against diverse phytopathogens,and its underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous.In this study,we investigate the effect of NMN against multiple phytopathogens in tobacco.Our results demonstrate that tobacco pretreated with NMN exhibits enhanced resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum CQPS-1,Pseudomonas syringae DC3000ΔhopQ1-1,Phytophthora parasitica,and tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).NMN displays effectiveness within the concentration range of 50–600μmol L^(–1),with75μmol L^(–1)NMN exhibiting the most pronounced effect.The impact of NMN pretreatment could persist for up to 10 days.Beyond tobacco,NMN pretreatment enhances disease resistance in tomato and pepper plants against diverse pathogens,underscoring NMN’s capacity to confer broad-spectrum disease resistance in crops.Moreover,RT-qPCR analysis reveals that NMN significantly upregulates the expression of the pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)marker gene NbCYP71D20 and salicylic acid(SA)marker gene NbPR1a.This suggests that NMN enhances plant resistance by inducing both PTI and SA-mediated immunity.Interestingly,the positive impact of NMN on plant disease resistance is not significantly compromised in both NMN adenylyltransferase(NMNAT)-silenced plants and NAD receptor mutant lecrk-I.8,suggesting the existence of NAD-independent signaling pathways for NMN-induced plant immunity.In conclusion,our study establishes that the bioactive molecule NMN imparts broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants,offering a simple,environmental-friendly,and promising strategy for safeguarding crops against diverse phytopathogens.These findings also provide valuable insights for future in-depth studies into the functional mechanisms of NMN.展开更多
Simultaneously enhancing plant growth and disease resistance is an ideal goal in agriculture.Significant efforts have been made to promote plant growth or immunity through the use of biological reagents,such as the ap...Simultaneously enhancing plant growth and disease resistance is an ideal goal in agriculture.Significant efforts have been made to promote plant growth or immunity through the use of biological reagents,such as the application of beneficial microbes and plant immunity inducers.However,balancing plant immunity and growth remains a challenging task.In this study,we engineered the plant growth-promoting bacterium Bacillus subtilis OKB105 to express a secreted microbial pattern,flg22,and assessed its activity in enhancing both plant growth and disease resistance.The OKB105(flg22) strain exhibited plant growth-promoting activity similar to the OKB105 strain containing an empty vector,OKB105(EV).Furthermore,the OKB105(flg22) strain significantly enhanced plant resistance against two distinct pathogens,Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 ΔhopQ 1-1 and Phytophthora parasitica,compared to OKB105(EV),confirming that the engineered OKB105(flg22)effectively enhances plant disease resistance.Interestingly,root irrigation with OKB105(flg22) also markedly boosted the plant's aboveground resistance to pathogens compared to OKB105(EV).We further demonstrated that OKB105(flg22) can be applied to confer resistance to pathogens in other plants that recognize flg22.Finally,RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses illustrated that OKB105(flg22) effectively induced the expression of defense-related genes in pattern-triggered immunity.Our results prove that employing an engineered beneficial microbe expressing a microbial pattern is a promising strategy for simultaneously enhancing plant growth and immunity.展开更多
Shifts in the realized niches of exotic species may play an important role in their invasion.Galinsoga quadriradiata has invaded China widely and occupied many climate zones that are different from its native range.We...Shifts in the realized niches of exotic species may play an important role in their invasion.Galinsoga quadriradiata has invaded China widely and occupied many climate zones that are different from its native range.We addressed the climatic niche shift of G.quadriradiata and evaluated how this could contribute to its invasion in China.We used the Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of G.quadriradiata using its native and invaded range occurrences and climatic variables.Principal component analysis was conducted to measure climatic niche shifts of G.quadriradiata during its invasion in China.The models revealed only 32.7%niche overlap between the native and invasive populations.The niche similarity of the two populations was significantly low(Schoener’s D=0.093,P<0.005),suggesting the occurrence of a niche shift.The envelop and center of the realized climatic niche in China has shifted to lower temperature and less precipitation compared to that in its native range.The majority of invaded areas in southern China are in the stabilizing zone,whereas the colonization and adaptation zones are predicted to be at the leading edge of G.quadriradiata invasion in northern China.This suggests that the regional distribution of G.quadriradiata may be in a quasi-equilibrium state,and that the species continues to invade environmentally suitable areas.Alterations in G.quadriradiata’s niche would help to explain why this species is so invasive in China.展开更多
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi,China(2023QYPY2-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072399,32302296,and 32372483)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202201017 and GK202207024)the Program of Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,China(MIMCP-202203)。
文摘Nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN),a precursor in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)biosynthesis,has long been recognized for its pivotal role in medicine.Recent investigations have suggested its potential as a plant immunity inducer for controlling fungal diseases.However,whether NMN confers plant broad-spectrum resistance against diverse phytopathogens,and its underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous.In this study,we investigate the effect of NMN against multiple phytopathogens in tobacco.Our results demonstrate that tobacco pretreated with NMN exhibits enhanced resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum CQPS-1,Pseudomonas syringae DC3000ΔhopQ1-1,Phytophthora parasitica,and tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).NMN displays effectiveness within the concentration range of 50–600μmol L^(–1),with75μmol L^(–1)NMN exhibiting the most pronounced effect.The impact of NMN pretreatment could persist for up to 10 days.Beyond tobacco,NMN pretreatment enhances disease resistance in tomato and pepper plants against diverse pathogens,underscoring NMN’s capacity to confer broad-spectrum disease resistance in crops.Moreover,RT-qPCR analysis reveals that NMN significantly upregulates the expression of the pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)marker gene NbCYP71D20 and salicylic acid(SA)marker gene NbPR1a.This suggests that NMN enhances plant resistance by inducing both PTI and SA-mediated immunity.Interestingly,the positive impact of NMN on plant disease resistance is not significantly compromised in both NMN adenylyltransferase(NMNAT)-silenced plants and NAD receptor mutant lecrk-I.8,suggesting the existence of NAD-independent signaling pathways for NMN-induced plant immunity.In conclusion,our study establishes that the bioactive molecule NMN imparts broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants,offering a simple,environmental-friendly,and promising strategy for safeguarding crops against diverse phytopathogens.These findings also provide valuable insights for future in-depth studies into the functional mechanisms of NMN.
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi, China (2023QYPY2-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072399 and 32302296)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (GK202201017 and GK202207024)。
文摘Simultaneously enhancing plant growth and disease resistance is an ideal goal in agriculture.Significant efforts have been made to promote plant growth or immunity through the use of biological reagents,such as the application of beneficial microbes and plant immunity inducers.However,balancing plant immunity and growth remains a challenging task.In this study,we engineered the plant growth-promoting bacterium Bacillus subtilis OKB105 to express a secreted microbial pattern,flg22,and assessed its activity in enhancing both plant growth and disease resistance.The OKB105(flg22) strain exhibited plant growth-promoting activity similar to the OKB105 strain containing an empty vector,OKB105(EV).Furthermore,the OKB105(flg22) strain significantly enhanced plant resistance against two distinct pathogens,Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 ΔhopQ 1-1 and Phytophthora parasitica,compared to OKB105(EV),confirming that the engineered OKB105(flg22)effectively enhances plant disease resistance.Interestingly,root irrigation with OKB105(flg22) also markedly boosted the plant's aboveground resistance to pathogens compared to OKB105(EV).We further demonstrated that OKB105(flg22) can be applied to confer resistance to pathogens in other plants that recognize flg22.Finally,RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses illustrated that OKB105(flg22) effectively induced the expression of defense-related genes in pattern-triggered immunity.Our results prove that employing an engineered beneficial microbe expressing a microbial pattern is a promising strategy for simultaneously enhancing plant growth and immunity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071520,31600445 and 31570425)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-286)+2 种基金the Central University Innovation Team Project(GK202001006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103072 and 2020CSLY014)the Research Funds of Shaanxi Association for Science and Technology,and the Research Funds of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(202113).
文摘Shifts in the realized niches of exotic species may play an important role in their invasion.Galinsoga quadriradiata has invaded China widely and occupied many climate zones that are different from its native range.We addressed the climatic niche shift of G.quadriradiata and evaluated how this could contribute to its invasion in China.We used the Maxent model to predict the potential distribution of G.quadriradiata using its native and invaded range occurrences and climatic variables.Principal component analysis was conducted to measure climatic niche shifts of G.quadriradiata during its invasion in China.The models revealed only 32.7%niche overlap between the native and invasive populations.The niche similarity of the two populations was significantly low(Schoener’s D=0.093,P<0.005),suggesting the occurrence of a niche shift.The envelop and center of the realized climatic niche in China has shifted to lower temperature and less precipitation compared to that in its native range.The majority of invaded areas in southern China are in the stabilizing zone,whereas the colonization and adaptation zones are predicted to be at the leading edge of G.quadriradiata invasion in northern China.This suggests that the regional distribution of G.quadriradiata may be in a quasi-equilibrium state,and that the species continues to invade environmentally suitable areas.Alterations in G.quadriradiata’s niche would help to explain why this species is so invasive in China.
