Mornag Plain is a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin, which has undergone an agricultural industrial boom. The aim of this study was to investigate the different water qualities used for irrigation on heavy metal...Mornag Plain is a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin, which has undergone an agricultural industrial boom. The aim of this study was to investigate the different water qualities used for irrigation on heavy metal mobility in these polluted agricultural soils. The geo-accumulation indices for heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) revealed that industrial activities and used treated wastewater (TWW) contributed to soil pollution, and water irrigation always decreased this contamination. After long-term use of different water types, high perturbation of heavy metal redistribution has occurred. Groundwater use altered all heavy metal redistributions in the irrigated soil among various soil-solid and soil-solution fractions, as compared to the unirrigated soil. Slight acid water use transferred some metals from different solid phase components into water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. However, TWW use transformed some Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn from water-soluble and exchangeable fractions to less labile fractions, particularly into organically bound fractions. Reuse of conventional water within the same soil decreased the whole soil redistribution index values, indicating tendency to return to the pattern of distribution of groundwater-irrigated soil.展开更多
In the past,whey was often considered a by-product of cheese making with little nutritional value.However,it is now recognized that each whey component has its own value.With the increasing amount of whey being pro-du...In the past,whey was often considered a by-product of cheese making with little nutritional value.However,it is now recognized that each whey component has its own value.With the increasing amount of whey being pro-duced in the dairy industry,new and sustainable ways of using it need to be found.The technologies used to produce whey derivatives and whey beverages are diverse and depend on the type of product and the desired result.Recent advances in research and technology have made it possible to modify the composition of whey to develop products with different sensory profiles and functional benefits.This review examines recent techno-logical advances in the production of high-quality beverages and whey derivatives,as well as limitations,and proposes sustainable whey processing solutions that meet modern regulations and consumer demands.展开更多
文摘Mornag Plain is a coastal area of the Mediterranean basin, which has undergone an agricultural industrial boom. The aim of this study was to investigate the different water qualities used for irrigation on heavy metal mobility in these polluted agricultural soils. The geo-accumulation indices for heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) revealed that industrial activities and used treated wastewater (TWW) contributed to soil pollution, and water irrigation always decreased this contamination. After long-term use of different water types, high perturbation of heavy metal redistribution has occurred. Groundwater use altered all heavy metal redistributions in the irrigated soil among various soil-solid and soil-solution fractions, as compared to the unirrigated soil. Slight acid water use transferred some metals from different solid phase components into water-soluble and exchangeable fractions. However, TWW use transformed some Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Zn from water-soluble and exchangeable fractions to less labile fractions, particularly into organically bound fractions. Reuse of conventional water within the same soil decreased the whole soil redistribution index values, indicating tendency to return to the pattern of distribution of groundwater-irrigated soil.
文摘In the past,whey was often considered a by-product of cheese making with little nutritional value.However,it is now recognized that each whey component has its own value.With the increasing amount of whey being pro-duced in the dairy industry,new and sustainable ways of using it need to be found.The technologies used to produce whey derivatives and whey beverages are diverse and depend on the type of product and the desired result.Recent advances in research and technology have made it possible to modify the composition of whey to develop products with different sensory profiles and functional benefits.This review examines recent techno-logical advances in the production of high-quality beverages and whey derivatives,as well as limitations,and proposes sustainable whey processing solutions that meet modern regulations and consumer demands.
