胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)及其信号调控途径紊乱是很多胰岛素靶器官或组织发生病变并缓慢进展的机制之一。其临床诊断指标是基于空腹血糖和空腹血清胰岛素的"稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(the homeostatic model of insulin re...胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)及其信号调控途径紊乱是很多胰岛素靶器官或组织发生病变并缓慢进展的机制之一。其临床诊断指标是基于空腹血糖和空腹血清胰岛素的"稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(the homeostatic model of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)"指数,此外,包括脂联素在内的新兴IR生物标记物也可作为诊断的参考指标;其影响因素有肥胖、慢性微炎症、缺乏运动等;其主要信号调控途径包括胰岛素受体底物1(insulin receptor substrate 1,IRS1)/磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(serine-threonine kinase,Akt)通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路、Smad3通路等。临床上,可通过促进胰岛素分泌、增强胰岛素信号活性来提高胰岛素敏感性,改善IR。目前,用以治疗IR的胰岛素增敏剂不仅有噻唑烷二酮及其衍生物,还有新近发现的二甲双胍和维生素D。此外,一些单味中药提取物和中药复方,如黄蜀葵花总黄酮、黄连素、黄芪多糖以及黄芪汤等也有改善IR的作用。在慢性肾脏病领域,针对胰岛素靶器官的常见病变——糖尿病早期肾损害,基于足细胞IR信号调控途径的中药干预性研究是今后的重要方向之一。展开更多
The microstructure and hardness of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected tomulti-pass upsetting extrusion at ambient temperature were studied. Experimental results indicatedthat with the number of upsetting extrusion passes...The microstructure and hardness of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected tomulti-pass upsetting extrusion at ambient temperature were studied. Experimental results indicatedthat with the number of upsetting extrusion passes increasing, the grains of the alloy are graduallyrefined and the hardness increases correspondingly. After ten passes of upsetting extrusionprocessing, the grain size decreases to less than 200 nm in diameter and the sample maintains itsoriginal shape, while the hardness is double owing to equal-axial ultrafine grains and workhardening effect caused by large plastic deformation.展开更多
文摘胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)及其信号调控途径紊乱是很多胰岛素靶器官或组织发生病变并缓慢进展的机制之一。其临床诊断指标是基于空腹血糖和空腹血清胰岛素的"稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗(the homeostatic model of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)"指数,此外,包括脂联素在内的新兴IR生物标记物也可作为诊断的参考指标;其影响因素有肥胖、慢性微炎症、缺乏运动等;其主要信号调控途径包括胰岛素受体底物1(insulin receptor substrate 1,IRS1)/磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(serine-threonine kinase,Akt)通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路、Smad3通路等。临床上,可通过促进胰岛素分泌、增强胰岛素信号活性来提高胰岛素敏感性,改善IR。目前,用以治疗IR的胰岛素增敏剂不仅有噻唑烷二酮及其衍生物,还有新近发现的二甲双胍和维生素D。此外,一些单味中药提取物和中药复方,如黄蜀葵花总黄酮、黄连素、黄芪多糖以及黄芪汤等也有改善IR的作用。在慢性肾脏病领域,针对胰岛素靶器官的常见病变——糖尿病早期肾损害,基于足细胞IR信号调控途径的中药干预性研究是今后的重要方向之一。
基金This project is financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation (No. E5305293) of South China University of Technology.
文摘The microstructure and hardness of a 2024 aluminum alloy subjected tomulti-pass upsetting extrusion at ambient temperature were studied. Experimental results indicatedthat with the number of upsetting extrusion passes increasing, the grains of the alloy are graduallyrefined and the hardness increases correspondingly. After ten passes of upsetting extrusionprocessing, the grain size decreases to less than 200 nm in diameter and the sample maintains itsoriginal shape, while the hardness is double owing to equal-axial ultrafine grains and workhardening effect caused by large plastic deformation.
