Osteosarcoma(OS)is a prevalent primary bone malignancy with limited treatment options.Therefore,it is imperative to investigate and understand the mechanisms underlying OS pathogenesis.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CA...Osteosarcoma(OS)is a prevalent primary bone malignancy with limited treatment options.Therefore,it is imperative to investigate and understand the mechanisms underlying OS pathogenesis.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are markedly abundant in tumor stromal cells and are essentially involved in the modulation of tumor occurrence and development.In recent years,CAFs have become a hotspot as researchers aim to elucidate CAF mechanisms that regulate tumor progression.However,most studies on CAFs are limited to a few common cancers,and their association with OS remains elusive.This review describes the role and current knowledge of CAFs in OS,focusing on their potential cellular origin,classification,and diverse functionality.It was found that CAFs influenced OS tumor cell signaling,proliferation,invasion,metastasis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,stemness maintenance,angiogenesis,and the ability to modify immune system components.Furthermore,findings on other common cancers indicated that effective therapeutic strategies included the manipulation of CAF activation,targeting CAF-derived components,and depletion of CAFs by biomarkers.This review provides new insights and a theoretical basis for OS research.展开更多
Dark photons,as a minimal extension of the Standard Model through an additional Abelian gauge group,may propagate relativistically across the galaxy,originating from dark matter decay or annihilation,thereby contribut...Dark photons,as a minimal extension of the Standard Model through an additional Abelian gauge group,may propagate relativistically across the galaxy,originating from dark matter decay or annihilation,thereby contributing to a galactic dark photon background.The generation of dark photons typically favors certain polarization modes,which are dependent on the interactions between dark matter and dark photons.We introduce a framework in which a resonant cavity is utilized to detect and differentiate these polarizations,leveraging the daily variation in expected signals due to the anisotropic distribution of dark photons and the rotation of the Earth.We conduct an experimental search using superconducting radio-frequency cavities,noted for their exceptionally high quality factors,proving them to be effective telescopes for observing galactic dark photons.This approach establishes the most stringent limits yet on the kinetic mixing coefficient between dark photons and electromagnetic photons,thereby unveiling a novel avenue for the indirect search for dark matter via multi-messenger astronomy.展开更多
A high repetition rate,picosecond terahertz(THz)parametric amplifier with a LiNbO3(LN)crystai has been demonstrated in this work.At a 10 kHz repetition rate,a peak power of 200 W and an average power of 12 pW have bee...A high repetition rate,picosecond terahertz(THz)parametric amplifier with a LiNbO3(LN)crystai has been demonstrated in this work.At a 10 kHz repetition rate,a peak power of 200 W and an average power of 12 pW have been obtained over a wide range of around 2 THz;at a 100 kHz repetition rate,a maximum peak power of 18 W and an average power of 10.8 pW have been obtained.The parametric gain of the LN crystal was also investigated,and a modified Schwarz-Maier model was introduced to interpret the experimental results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81773285)Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Golden Seeds Foundation(grant number CYJZ202341).
文摘Osteosarcoma(OS)is a prevalent primary bone malignancy with limited treatment options.Therefore,it is imperative to investigate and understand the mechanisms underlying OS pathogenesis.Cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)are markedly abundant in tumor stromal cells and are essentially involved in the modulation of tumor occurrence and development.In recent years,CAFs have become a hotspot as researchers aim to elucidate CAF mechanisms that regulate tumor progression.However,most studies on CAFs are limited to a few common cancers,and their association with OS remains elusive.This review describes the role and current knowledge of CAFs in OS,focusing on their potential cellular origin,classification,and diverse functionality.It was found that CAFs influenced OS tumor cell signaling,proliferation,invasion,metastasis,epithelial-mesenchymal transition,stemness maintenance,angiogenesis,and the ability to modify immune system components.Furthermore,findings on other common cancers indicated that effective therapeutic strategies included the manipulation of CAF activation,targeting CAF-derived components,and depletion of CAFs by biomarkers.This review provides new insights and a theoretical basis for OS research.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2201501)Yifan Chen was supported by VILLUM FONDEN(37766)+4 种基金Danish Research Foundation,and under the European Union’s H2020 ERC Advanced Grant“Black holes:gravitational engines of discovery”grant agreement(Gravitas–101052587)European Consortium for Astroparticle Theory in the form of an Exchange Travel Grant,and by FCT(Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia I.P,Portugal)(2022.01324.PTDC)Jing Shu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12025507,12450006,and.12150015)Peking University under startup Grant(7101302974)State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University(NPT2024ZX01).
文摘Dark photons,as a minimal extension of the Standard Model through an additional Abelian gauge group,may propagate relativistically across the galaxy,originating from dark matter decay or annihilation,thereby contributing to a galactic dark photon background.The generation of dark photons typically favors certain polarization modes,which are dependent on the interactions between dark matter and dark photons.We introduce a framework in which a resonant cavity is utilized to detect and differentiate these polarizations,leveraging the daily variation in expected signals due to the anisotropic distribution of dark photons and the rotation of the Earth.We conduct an experimental search using superconducting radio-frequency cavities,noted for their exceptionally high quality factors,proving them to be effective telescopes for observing galactic dark photons.This approach establishes the most stringent limits yet on the kinetic mixing coefficient between dark photons and electromagnetic photons,thereby unveiling a novel avenue for the indirect search for dark matter via multi-messenger astronomy.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0701000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11735002).
文摘A high repetition rate,picosecond terahertz(THz)parametric amplifier with a LiNbO3(LN)crystai has been demonstrated in this work.At a 10 kHz repetition rate,a peak power of 200 W and an average power of 12 pW have been obtained over a wide range of around 2 THz;at a 100 kHz repetition rate,a maximum peak power of 18 W and an average power of 10.8 pW have been obtained.The parametric gain of the LN crystal was also investigated,and a modified Schwarz-Maier model was introduced to interpret the experimental results.
