A new alkaloid,diacedolinate(1),along with fourteen known compounds(2-15)was isolated from the sponge associated fungus Penicillium crustosum SCSIO 41442.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum a...A new alkaloid,diacedolinate(1),along with fourteen known compounds(2-15)was isolated from the sponge associated fungus Penicillium crustosum SCSIO 41442.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum analysis and ECD.All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.The results showed that compound 1 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(71.00±0.14)μg·mL^(−1),while compound 2,in contrast,displayed broad antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.10)μg·mL^(−1),compared with the positive control,vitamin C.In addition,compounds 9,10,11,and 15 demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens,including MRSA,Colletotrichum asianum HNM 408,Colletotrichum acutatum HNM RC178,and Alternaria alternate,with MIC values ranging from 2.5 to 160μg·mL^(−1).The bioactivities of these compounds are reported here for the first time.展开更多
掌握桑园生产的投入结构特征与生态环境风险,是制定蚕桑产业绿色可持续发展相关政策的重要依据。基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法,系统分析了2005-2022年间中国桑园生产投入(肥料、农药、地膜、柴油)的差异,并评估了从农业投入品原材料获取...掌握桑园生产的投入结构特征与生态环境风险,是制定蚕桑产业绿色可持续发展相关政策的重要依据。基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法,系统分析了2005-2022年间中国桑园生产投入(肥料、农药、地膜、柴油)的差异,并评估了从农业投入品原材料获取至桑叶收获全过程的生态环境风险(温室气体排放、土壤酸化、水体富营养化及人体毒性)。研究结果表明:①桑园生产中氮(N)、五氧化二磷(P_(2)O_(5))、氧化钾(K_(2)O)的平均投入量分别为147.72 kg/hm^(2)、39.66 kg/hm^(2)和22.16 kg/hm^(2)。其中氮肥和钾肥投入呈上升趋势,磷肥投入波动较大。②农药投入呈现持续显著增加趋势,地膜使用呈现先增后降的趋势,柴油消耗呈现先增加后趋于稳定趋势。③在桑园生产过程中,活性氮损失量、温室气体排放量、土壤酸化潜值和水体富营养化潜值的平均水平分别为75.65 kg N-eq·hm^(-2)、3255.54 kg CO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)、152.83 kg SO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)和31.80 kg PO_(4)-eq·hm^(-2),其反映的生态环境风险整体呈逐年递减趋势,其降幅区间介于22.30%至28.56%之间。然而,与人体毒性相关的生态环境风险显著上升,增幅达2.32倍(2022年为1.67 kg 1,4-DCB-eq·hm^(-2))。④除地膜投入外,其他主要生产投入与生态环境风险密切相关。自2009年起,主导生态环境风险类型由水体富营养化等转向人体毒性风险。⑤结构方程模型分析显示,减少氮肥投入可间接降低温室气体排放等多种环境风险,而减少农药使用能够直接缓解人体毒性风险。展开更多
文摘A new alkaloid,diacedolinate(1),along with fourteen known compounds(2-15)was isolated from the sponge associated fungus Penicillium crustosum SCSIO 41442.The structures of these compounds were determined by spectrum analysis and ECD.All compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.The results showed that compound 1 exhibited weak antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(71.00±0.14)μg·mL^(−1),while compound 2,in contrast,displayed broad antioxidant activity with an IC_(50)value of(1.25±0.10)μg·mL^(−1),compared with the positive control,vitamin C.In addition,compounds 9,10,11,and 15 demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens,including MRSA,Colletotrichum asianum HNM 408,Colletotrichum acutatum HNM RC178,and Alternaria alternate,with MIC values ranging from 2.5 to 160μg·mL^(−1).The bioactivities of these compounds are reported here for the first time.
文摘掌握桑园生产的投入结构特征与生态环境风险,是制定蚕桑产业绿色可持续发展相关政策的重要依据。基于生命周期评价(LCA)方法,系统分析了2005-2022年间中国桑园生产投入(肥料、农药、地膜、柴油)的差异,并评估了从农业投入品原材料获取至桑叶收获全过程的生态环境风险(温室气体排放、土壤酸化、水体富营养化及人体毒性)。研究结果表明:①桑园生产中氮(N)、五氧化二磷(P_(2)O_(5))、氧化钾(K_(2)O)的平均投入量分别为147.72 kg/hm^(2)、39.66 kg/hm^(2)和22.16 kg/hm^(2)。其中氮肥和钾肥投入呈上升趋势,磷肥投入波动较大。②农药投入呈现持续显著增加趋势,地膜使用呈现先增后降的趋势,柴油消耗呈现先增加后趋于稳定趋势。③在桑园生产过程中,活性氮损失量、温室气体排放量、土壤酸化潜值和水体富营养化潜值的平均水平分别为75.65 kg N-eq·hm^(-2)、3255.54 kg CO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)、152.83 kg SO_(2)-eq·hm^(-2)和31.80 kg PO_(4)-eq·hm^(-2),其反映的生态环境风险整体呈逐年递减趋势,其降幅区间介于22.30%至28.56%之间。然而,与人体毒性相关的生态环境风险显著上升,增幅达2.32倍(2022年为1.67 kg 1,4-DCB-eq·hm^(-2))。④除地膜投入外,其他主要生产投入与生态环境风险密切相关。自2009年起,主导生态环境风险类型由水体富营养化等转向人体毒性风险。⑤结构方程模型分析显示,减少氮肥投入可间接降低温室气体排放等多种环境风险,而减少农药使用能够直接缓解人体毒性风险。
