For deep prospects in the foreland thrust belt,southern Junggar Basin,NW China,there are uncertainties in factors controlling the structural deformation,distribution of paleo-structures and detachment layers,and distr...For deep prospects in the foreland thrust belt,southern Junggar Basin,NW China,there are uncertainties in factors controlling the structural deformation,distribution of paleo-structures and detachment layers,and distribution of major hydrocarbon source rocks.Based on the latest 3D seismic,gravity-magnetic,and drilling data,together with the results of previous structural physical simulation and discrete element numerical simulation experiments,the spatial distribution of pre-existing paleo-structures and detachment layers in deep strata of southern Junggar Basin were systematically characterized,the structural deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms were analyzed,the distribution patterns of multiple hydrocarbon source rock suites were clarified,and hydrocarbon accumulation features in key zones were reassessed.The exploration targets in deep lower assemblages with possibility of breakthrough were expected.Key results are obtained in three aspects.First,structural deformation is controlled by two-stage paleo-structures and three detachment layers with distinct lateral variations:the Jurassic layer(moderate thickness,wide distribution),the Cretaceous layer(thickest but weak detachment),and the Paleogene layer(thin but long-distance lateral thrusting).Accordingly,a four-layer composite deformation sequence was identified,and the structural genetic model with paleo-bulge controlling zonation by segments laterally and multiple detachment layers controlling sequence vertically.Second,the Permian source rocks show a distribution pattern with narrow trough(west),multiple sags(central),and broad basin(east),which is depicted by combining high-precision gravity-magnetic data and time-frequency electromagnetic data for the first time,and the Jurassic source rocks feature thicker mudstones in the west and rich coals in the east according to the reassessment.Third,two petroleum systems and a four-layer composite hydrocarbon accumulation model are established depending on the structural deformation strength,trap effectiveness and source-trap configuration.The southern Junggar Basin is divided into three segments with ten zones,and a hierarchical exploration strategy is proposed for deep lower assemblages in this region,that is,focusing on five priority zones,expanding to three potential areas,and challenging two high-risk targets.展开更多
Taking the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example,this study employs atomic force microscopy-based infrared(AFM-IR)spectroscopy to analyze the submicron-scale molecular functional g...Taking the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example,this study employs atomic force microscopy-based infrared(AFM-IR)spectroscopy to analyze the submicron-scale molecular functional groups of different types and occurrences of organic matter.Combined with the quantitative evaluation of pore development via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the response of organic pore formation and evolution mechanisms to chemical composition and structural evolution of organic matter in overmature marine shale is investigated.The results indicate that the AFM-IR spectra of graptolite periderms and pyrobitumen in shale are dominated by the stretching vibrations of conjugated C=C bonds in aromatic compounds at approximately 1600 cm-1,with weak absorption peaks near 1375,1450 and 1720 cm-1,corresponding to aliphatic chains and carbonyl/carboxyl functional groups.Overall,the AFM-IR structural indices(A and C factors)of organic matter show a strong correlation with visible porosity in shales of equivalent maturity.Lower A and C factor values correlate with enhanced development of organic pores,which is associated with the detachment of more aliphatic chains and oxygen-containing functional groups during thermal evolution.Pyrobitumen-clay mineral composites generally exhibit superior pore development,likely attributable to clay mineral dehydration participating in hydrocarbon generation reactions that promote the removal of more functional groups.Additionally,hydrocarbon generation within organic-clay composites during high-over mature stages may induce volumetric expansion,resulting in microfracturing and hydrocarbon expulsion.The associated higher hydrocarbon expulsion rates promote the formation of larger pores and fracture-shaped pores along the flake-shaped clay minerals.This study highlights that the research of submicron-scale molecular functional groups provides a deeper understanding of organic matter evolution and pores development mechanisms in overmature shales,thereby offering critical theoretical parameters for reservoir evaluation in shale oil and gas exploration.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Special Project of CNPC(2023YQX10111)Key Research and Development Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024B01015-3)。
文摘For deep prospects in the foreland thrust belt,southern Junggar Basin,NW China,there are uncertainties in factors controlling the structural deformation,distribution of paleo-structures and detachment layers,and distribution of major hydrocarbon source rocks.Based on the latest 3D seismic,gravity-magnetic,and drilling data,together with the results of previous structural physical simulation and discrete element numerical simulation experiments,the spatial distribution of pre-existing paleo-structures and detachment layers in deep strata of southern Junggar Basin were systematically characterized,the structural deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms were analyzed,the distribution patterns of multiple hydrocarbon source rock suites were clarified,and hydrocarbon accumulation features in key zones were reassessed.The exploration targets in deep lower assemblages with possibility of breakthrough were expected.Key results are obtained in three aspects.First,structural deformation is controlled by two-stage paleo-structures and three detachment layers with distinct lateral variations:the Jurassic layer(moderate thickness,wide distribution),the Cretaceous layer(thickest but weak detachment),and the Paleogene layer(thin but long-distance lateral thrusting).Accordingly,a four-layer composite deformation sequence was identified,and the structural genetic model with paleo-bulge controlling zonation by segments laterally and multiple detachment layers controlling sequence vertically.Second,the Permian source rocks show a distribution pattern with narrow trough(west),multiple sags(central),and broad basin(east),which is depicted by combining high-precision gravity-magnetic data and time-frequency electromagnetic data for the first time,and the Jurassic source rocks feature thicker mudstones in the west and rich coals in the east according to the reassessment.Third,two petroleum systems and a four-layer composite hydrocarbon accumulation model are established depending on the structural deformation strength,trap effectiveness and source-trap configuration.The southern Junggar Basin is divided into three segments with ten zones,and a hierarchical exploration strategy is proposed for deep lower assemblages in this region,that is,focusing on five priority zones,expanding to three potential areas,and challenging two high-risk targets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172148,42172142)。
文摘Taking the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin as an example,this study employs atomic force microscopy-based infrared(AFM-IR)spectroscopy to analyze the submicron-scale molecular functional groups of different types and occurrences of organic matter.Combined with the quantitative evaluation of pore development via scanning electron microscopy(SEM),the response of organic pore formation and evolution mechanisms to chemical composition and structural evolution of organic matter in overmature marine shale is investigated.The results indicate that the AFM-IR spectra of graptolite periderms and pyrobitumen in shale are dominated by the stretching vibrations of conjugated C=C bonds in aromatic compounds at approximately 1600 cm-1,with weak absorption peaks near 1375,1450 and 1720 cm-1,corresponding to aliphatic chains and carbonyl/carboxyl functional groups.Overall,the AFM-IR structural indices(A and C factors)of organic matter show a strong correlation with visible porosity in shales of equivalent maturity.Lower A and C factor values correlate with enhanced development of organic pores,which is associated with the detachment of more aliphatic chains and oxygen-containing functional groups during thermal evolution.Pyrobitumen-clay mineral composites generally exhibit superior pore development,likely attributable to clay mineral dehydration participating in hydrocarbon generation reactions that promote the removal of more functional groups.Additionally,hydrocarbon generation within organic-clay composites during high-over mature stages may induce volumetric expansion,resulting in microfracturing and hydrocarbon expulsion.The associated higher hydrocarbon expulsion rates promote the formation of larger pores and fracture-shaped pores along the flake-shaped clay minerals.This study highlights that the research of submicron-scale molecular functional groups provides a deeper understanding of organic matter evolution and pores development mechanisms in overmature shales,thereby offering critical theoretical parameters for reservoir evaluation in shale oil and gas exploration.
