Effective resource allocation can exploit the advantage of intelligent reflective surface(IRS)assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)fully.However,it is challenging to balance the limited energy of MTs and the strict dela...Effective resource allocation can exploit the advantage of intelligent reflective surface(IRS)assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)fully.However,it is challenging to balance the limited energy of MTs and the strict delay requirement of their tasks.In this paper,in order to tackle the challenge,we jointly optimize the offloading delay and energy consumption of mobile terminals(MTs)to realize the delay-energy tradeoff in an IRS-assisted MEC network,in which non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)and multiantenna are applied to improve spectral efficiency.To achieve the optimal delay-energy tradeoff,an offloading cost minimization model is proposed,in which the edge computing resource allocation,signal detecting vector,uplink transmission power,and IRS phase shift coefficient are needed to be jointly optimized.The optimization of the model is a multi-level fractional problem in complex fields with some coupled high dimension variables.To solve the intractable problem,we decouple the original problem into a computing subproblem and a wireless transmission subproblem based on the uncoupled relationship between different variable types.The computing subproblem is proved convex and the closed-form solution is obtained for the edge computing resource allocation.Further,the wireless transmission subproblem is solved iteratively through decoupling the residual variables.In each iteration,the closed-form solution of residual variables is obtained through different successive convex approximation(SCA)methods.We verify the proposed algorithm can converge to an optimum with polynomial complexity.Simulation results indicate the proposed method achieves average saved costs of 65.64%,11.24%,and 9.49%over three benchmark methods respectively.展开更多
This paper presents a novel biosensor for bitter substance detection on the basis of light addressable potentiometric sensor(LAPS).Taste receptor cells(TRCs)were used as sensitive elements,which can respond to differe...This paper presents a novel biosensor for bitter substance detection on the basis of light addressable potentiometric sensor(LAPS).Taste receptor cells(TRCs)were used as sensitive elements,which can respond to different bitter stimuli with extreme high sensitivity and speci-ficity.TRCs were isolated from the taste buds of rats and cultured on the surface of LAPS chip.Due to the unique advantages such as single-cell recording,light addressable capability,and noninvasiveness,LAPS chip was used as secondary transducer to monitor the responses of TRCs by recording extracelluar potential changes.The results indicate LAPS chip can effectively record the responses of TRCs to different bitter substances used in this study in a real-time manner for a long-term.In addition,by performing principal component analysis on the LAPS recording data,different bitter substances tested can be successfully discriminated.It is suggested this TRCsLAPS hybrid biosensor could be a valuable tool for bitter substance detection.With further improvement and novel design,it has great potentials to be applied in both basic research and practical applications related to bitter taste detection.展开更多
(1→3)-β-D-glucan?from the inner cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered a member of a class of drugs known as biological response modifiers (BRM). However the glucan was an insoluble polysaccharide, whic...(1→3)-β-D-glucan?from the inner cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered a member of a class of drugs known as biological response modifiers (BRM). However the glucan was an insoluble polysaccharide, which could be the major barrier to the utilization of glucan. In this case, the insoluble glucan was convent into a soluble form by four kind of solubilizing processes. The yield, solubility, chemistry structure and immunoprophylaxis efficacy of the soluble products were compared. Our date suggest that urea has a significant effect on yield, and DMSO has a significant effect on solubility. FT-IR spectra, 13C NMR spectra and helix-coil transition analysis demonstrate that the chemistry structure of native and solubilizing glucans have no significant difference. They still have the triple helical structure. The solubility and immunoprophylaxis efficacy assay indicate that the introduction of phosphate group not only enhanced the solubility of glucan, but also improved the survival rate of mice challenged with E. coli.展开更多
Social vulnerability evaluation is of important significance to analyzing risks of natural disasters to human society and economy. By using expert investigation and AHP method,12 indicators from four aspects( populati...Social vulnerability evaluation is of important significance to analyzing risks of natural disasters to human society and economy. By using expert investigation and AHP method,12 indicators from four aspects( population,economy,infrastructure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity) are selected to assess social vulnerability to natural disasters on a county scale in Henan Province. The results show that the population vulnerability and economic vulnerability to natural disasters in the eastern region is generally higher than in the western region,while the areas with high infrastructure vulnerability are mainly located in the northwest; the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in northwest is higher than in east and south,and this capacity of various districts is obviously higher than that of counties; in terms of the spatial pattern,social vulnerability to natural disasters is roughly higher in a belt from northeast to southwest,and lower on both sides of the belt. The results can provide scientific basis for disaster risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation planning in Henan Province.展开更多
Modeling linkage disequilibria (LD) between genes usually observed in admixed natural populations has been shown an effective approach in high-resolution mapping of disease genes in humans. A prerequisite to obtain ac...Modeling linkage disequilibria (LD) between genes usually observed in admixed natural populations has been shown an effective approach in high-resolution mapping of disease genes in humans. A prerequisite to obtain accurate estimation of recombination fraction between genesat a marker locus and the disease locus using the approach is a reliable prediction of the proportion of the admixture populations. The present study suggested the use of gene frequencies to predict the estimate of the admixture proportion based on the observation that the gene frequencies are much more stable quantities than the haplotype frequencies over evolution of the population. In this paper, we advanced the theory and methods by which the decay rate of nonlinear term of LD in admixed population may be used to estimate the recombination fraction between the genes. Theoretical analysis and simulation study indicate that, the larger the difference of gene frequencies between parental populations and the more closely the展开更多
Understanding linkage disequilibrium (LD) created in admixed population and the rate of decay in the disequilibrium over evolution is an important subject in population genetics theory and in disease gene mapping in h...Understanding linkage disequilibrium (LD) created in admixed population and the rate of decay in the disequilibrium over evolution is an important subject in population genetics theory and in disease gene mapping in human populations. The present study represents the theoretical investigation of effects of gene frequencies, levels of LD and admixture proportions of donor populations on the evolutionary dynamics of the LD of the admixed population. We examined the conditions under which the admixed population reached linkage equilibrium or the peak level of the LD. The study reveals the inappropriateness in approximating the dynamics of the LD generated by population admixture by the commonly used formula in literature. An appropriate equation for the dynamics isproposed. The distinct feature of the newly suggested formula is that the value of the nonlinear component of the LD remains constant in the first generation of the population evolution. Comparison between the predicted disequilibrium dynamics展开更多
Taste is a multifaceted sensory experience that involves various human senses related to food and is a key indicator of food quality.A biomimetic taste-based biosensor,which utilizes taste bud organoids as sensitive e...Taste is a multifaceted sensory experience that involves various human senses related to food and is a key indicator of food quality.A biomimetic taste-based biosensor,which utilizes taste bud organoids as sensitive elements,is able to simulate the real responses of taste transduction in vitro.Taste bud organoids are three-dimensional structures created from taste stem/progenitor cells,integrated with transducers to develop the biosensor.In this research,organoids derived from mouse taste epithelium were employed as the sensitive element,while a microelectrode array(MEA)device served as the transduction element to create the biosensor.Following exposure to sour,sweet,bitter,and salty stimuli,one specific channel was chosen,and the average discharge rates were calculated as 6.5±2.29 Hz,7.25±3.77 Hz,3.33±2.62 Hz,and 4.6±2.42 Hz,respectively.Statistical analysis indicated that,apart from the sour taste,the frequency and amplitude of the other three taste stimuli showed significant increases.Principal component analysis(PCA)demonstrated the ability to identify and differentiate various tastes during taste conduction monitoring.Additionally,it was observed that on day 14,the taste bud organoids exhibited aggregation and fusion,leading to the formation of typical taste bud structures,indicating their maturation.This research offers a theoretical foundation and a valuable tool for effective and objective taste detection in vitro.展开更多
基金funded by 2020 Industrial Technology Foundation Public Service Platform Project(2020-0105-2-1)Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund Project(No.BK20AF004).
文摘Effective resource allocation can exploit the advantage of intelligent reflective surface(IRS)assisted mobile edge computing(MEC)fully.However,it is challenging to balance the limited energy of MTs and the strict delay requirement of their tasks.In this paper,in order to tackle the challenge,we jointly optimize the offloading delay and energy consumption of mobile terminals(MTs)to realize the delay-energy tradeoff in an IRS-assisted MEC network,in which non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)and multiantenna are applied to improve spectral efficiency.To achieve the optimal delay-energy tradeoff,an offloading cost minimization model is proposed,in which the edge computing resource allocation,signal detecting vector,uplink transmission power,and IRS phase shift coefficient are needed to be jointly optimized.The optimization of the model is a multi-level fractional problem in complex fields with some coupled high dimension variables.To solve the intractable problem,we decouple the original problem into a computing subproblem and a wireless transmission subproblem based on the uncoupled relationship between different variable types.The computing subproblem is proved convex and the closed-form solution is obtained for the edge computing resource allocation.Further,the wireless transmission subproblem is solved iteratively through decoupling the residual variables.In each iteration,the closed-form solution of residual variables is obtained through different successive convex approximation(SCA)methods.We verify the proposed algorithm can converge to an optimum with polynomial complexity.Simulation results indicate the proposed method achieves average saved costs of 65.64%,11.24%,and 9.49%over three benchmark methods respectively.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60725102,31000448)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20100471737,201104734)the Key Project of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2010C14006).
文摘This paper presents a novel biosensor for bitter substance detection on the basis of light addressable potentiometric sensor(LAPS).Taste receptor cells(TRCs)were used as sensitive elements,which can respond to different bitter stimuli with extreme high sensitivity and speci-ficity.TRCs were isolated from the taste buds of rats and cultured on the surface of LAPS chip.Due to the unique advantages such as single-cell recording,light addressable capability,and noninvasiveness,LAPS chip was used as secondary transducer to monitor the responses of TRCs by recording extracelluar potential changes.The results indicate LAPS chip can effectively record the responses of TRCs to different bitter substances used in this study in a real-time manner for a long-term.In addition,by performing principal component analysis on the LAPS recording data,different bitter substances tested can be successfully discriminated.It is suggested this TRCsLAPS hybrid biosensor could be a valuable tool for bitter substance detection.With further improvement and novel design,it has great potentials to be applied in both basic research and practical applications related to bitter taste detection.
文摘(1→3)-β-D-glucan?from the inner cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is considered a member of a class of drugs known as biological response modifiers (BRM). However the glucan was an insoluble polysaccharide, which could be the major barrier to the utilization of glucan. In this case, the insoluble glucan was convent into a soluble form by four kind of solubilizing processes. The yield, solubility, chemistry structure and immunoprophylaxis efficacy of the soluble products were compared. Our date suggest that urea has a significant effect on yield, and DMSO has a significant effect on solubility. FT-IR spectra, 13C NMR spectra and helix-coil transition analysis demonstrate that the chemistry structure of native and solubilizing glucans have no significant difference. They still have the triple helical structure. The solubility and immunoprophylaxis efficacy assay indicate that the introduction of phosphate group not only enhanced the solubility of glucan, but also improved the survival rate of mice challenged with E. coli.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71203057,71103058,41101460)Henan College Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Program(Humanities and Social Sciences)+1 种基金Henan University Philosophy and Social Sciences Excellent Scholars Fund Project(2016-YXXZ-07)Young Scholar Fund of Henan Polytechnic University(649256)
文摘Social vulnerability evaluation is of important significance to analyzing risks of natural disasters to human society and economy. By using expert investigation and AHP method,12 indicators from four aspects( population,economy,infrastructure and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity) are selected to assess social vulnerability to natural disasters on a county scale in Henan Province. The results show that the population vulnerability and economic vulnerability to natural disasters in the eastern region is generally higher than in the western region,while the areas with high infrastructure vulnerability are mainly located in the northwest; the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity in northwest is higher than in east and south,and this capacity of various districts is obviously higher than that of counties; in terms of the spatial pattern,social vulnerability to natural disasters is roughly higher in a belt from northeast to southwest,and lower on both sides of the belt. The results can provide scientific basis for disaster risk management and disaster prevention and mitigation planning in Henan Province.
基金the National Key Basic Research Project ("973") and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39725018).
文摘Modeling linkage disequilibria (LD) between genes usually observed in admixed natural populations has been shown an effective approach in high-resolution mapping of disease genes in humans. A prerequisite to obtain accurate estimation of recombination fraction between genesat a marker locus and the disease locus using the approach is a reliable prediction of the proportion of the admixture populations. The present study suggested the use of gene frequencies to predict the estimate of the admixture proportion based on the observation that the gene frequencies are much more stable quantities than the haplotype frequencies over evolution of the population. In this paper, we advanced the theory and methods by which the decay rate of nonlinear term of LD in admixed population may be used to estimate the recombination fraction between the genes. Theoretical analysis and simulation study indicate that, the larger the difference of gene frequencies between parental populations and the more closely the
基金This work was supported by the National "973" Key Basic Research Project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39725018).
文摘Understanding linkage disequilibrium (LD) created in admixed population and the rate of decay in the disequilibrium over evolution is an important subject in population genetics theory and in disease gene mapping in human populations. The present study represents the theoretical investigation of effects of gene frequencies, levels of LD and admixture proportions of donor populations on the evolutionary dynamics of the LD of the admixed population. We examined the conditions under which the admixed population reached linkage equilibrium or the peak level of the LD. The study reveals the inappropriateness in approximating the dynamics of the LD generated by population admixture by the commonly used formula in literature. An appropriate equation for the dynamics isproposed. The distinct feature of the newly suggested formula is that the value of the nonlinear component of the LD remains constant in the first generation of the population evolution. Comparison between the predicted disequilibrium dynamics
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2023YFC2606700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 32271427,32471433,and 32071370).
文摘Taste is a multifaceted sensory experience that involves various human senses related to food and is a key indicator of food quality.A biomimetic taste-based biosensor,which utilizes taste bud organoids as sensitive elements,is able to simulate the real responses of taste transduction in vitro.Taste bud organoids are three-dimensional structures created from taste stem/progenitor cells,integrated with transducers to develop the biosensor.In this research,organoids derived from mouse taste epithelium were employed as the sensitive element,while a microelectrode array(MEA)device served as the transduction element to create the biosensor.Following exposure to sour,sweet,bitter,and salty stimuli,one specific channel was chosen,and the average discharge rates were calculated as 6.5±2.29 Hz,7.25±3.77 Hz,3.33±2.62 Hz,and 4.6±2.42 Hz,respectively.Statistical analysis indicated that,apart from the sour taste,the frequency and amplitude of the other three taste stimuli showed significant increases.Principal component analysis(PCA)demonstrated the ability to identify and differentiate various tastes during taste conduction monitoring.Additionally,it was observed that on day 14,the taste bud organoids exhibited aggregation and fusion,leading to the formation of typical taste bud structures,indicating their maturation.This research offers a theoretical foundation and a valuable tool for effective and objective taste detection in vitro.
