As a rising immune checkpoint on tumor cells,CD24 is closely related to tumorigenesis and progression.CD24 can directly regulate the malignant behavior of tumor cells and indirectly inhibit the function of immune cell...As a rising immune checkpoint on tumor cells,CD24 is closely related to tumorigenesis and progression.CD24 can directly regulate the malignant behavior of tumor cells and indirectly inhibit the function of immune cells in the meantime,which promotes the immune escape of tumor cells,induces cancer invasion and causes poor prognosis.The basic principle of cancer treatment is to induce cell death and inhibit cell survival.Resistance to chemoradiotherapy is a critical challenge in oncology,which limits the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments.Many studies have shown a strong association between CD24 and chemoradiotherapy resistance in tumor cells,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.Understanding the mechanisms that CD24 induces chemoradiotherapy resistance may allow us to develop new promising therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy and improve clinical outcomes in the treatment of cancer patients.In this review,we summarized the basic characteristics and functions of CD24,as well as its role in the development of cancer.We focused on the resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy mediated by CD24,deciphered fundamental mechanisms and introduced existing clinical studies,with an attempt to propose potential solutions for future explorations.展开更多
Lymph node metastasis(LNM)is a crucial risk factor influencing an unfavorable prognosis in specific cancers.Fundamental research illuminates our understanding of tumor behavior and identifies valuable therapeutic targ...Lymph node metastasis(LNM)is a crucial risk factor influencing an unfavorable prognosis in specific cancers.Fundamental research illuminates our understanding of tumor behavior and identifies valuable therapeutic targets.Nevertheless,the exploration of fundamental theories and the validation of clinical therapies hinge on preclinical experiments.Preclinical models,in this context,serve as the conduit connecting fundamental theories to clinical outcomes.In vivo models established in animals offer a valuable platform for comprehensively observing interactions between tumor cells and organisms.Using various experimental animals,including mice,diverse methods,such as carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis,tumor cell line or human tumor transplantation,genetic engineering,and humanization,have been used effectively to construct numerous models for tumor LNM.Carcinogen-induced models simulate the entire process of tumorigenesis and metastasis.Transplantation models,using human tumor cell lines or patient-derived tumors,offer a research platform closely mirroring the histology and clinical behavior of human tumors.Genetically engineered models have been used to delve into the mechanisms of primary tumorigenesis within an intact microenvironment.Humanized models are used to overcome barriers between human and murine immune systems.Beyond mouse models,various other animal models have unique advantages and limitations,all contributing to exploring LNM.This review summarizes existing in vitro and animal preclinical models,identifies current bottlenecks in preclinical research,and offers an outlook on forthcoming preclinical models.展开更多
基金supported by Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project(No.WJ2023M068)Leading Discipline of Oncology Construction Project of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(No.XKJS202005)+8 种基金Youth Interdisciplinary Special Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(No.ZNQNJC2022003)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project(No.2023020201020510)Translational Medicine and Interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(ZNJC202322)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Wuhan University,Clinical Medicine+X,2042024YXB017)Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Research Project(ZY2023Q015)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023A FB665)Medical Young Talents Program of Hubei Province,Wuhan Young Medical Talents Training Project to L.-L.Bu,Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001644)Medical Young Talents Program of Hubei Province(7020206)“Dawn of Scientific and Technological Innovation”Program of Wuhan(703030804).
文摘As a rising immune checkpoint on tumor cells,CD24 is closely related to tumorigenesis and progression.CD24 can directly regulate the malignant behavior of tumor cells and indirectly inhibit the function of immune cells in the meantime,which promotes the immune escape of tumor cells,induces cancer invasion and causes poor prognosis.The basic principle of cancer treatment is to induce cell death and inhibit cell survival.Resistance to chemoradiotherapy is a critical challenge in oncology,which limits the effectiveness of anti-cancer treatments.Many studies have shown a strong association between CD24 and chemoradiotherapy resistance in tumor cells,but the specific mechanism remains unclear.Understanding the mechanisms that CD24 induces chemoradiotherapy resistance may allow us to develop new promising therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy and improve clinical outcomes in the treatment of cancer patients.In this review,we summarized the basic characteristics and functions of CD24,as well as its role in the development of cancer.We focused on the resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy mediated by CD24,deciphered fundamental mechanisms and introduced existing clinical studies,with an attempt to propose potential solutions for future explorations.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Wuhan University,Clinical Medicine+X,No.2042024YXB017)the Hubei Province Chinese Medicine Research Project(No.ZY2023Q015)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61904057)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFB665)the Medical Young Talents Program of Hubei Province,Wuhan Young Medical Talents Training Project,China.
文摘Lymph node metastasis(LNM)is a crucial risk factor influencing an unfavorable prognosis in specific cancers.Fundamental research illuminates our understanding of tumor behavior and identifies valuable therapeutic targets.Nevertheless,the exploration of fundamental theories and the validation of clinical therapies hinge on preclinical experiments.Preclinical models,in this context,serve as the conduit connecting fundamental theories to clinical outcomes.In vivo models established in animals offer a valuable platform for comprehensively observing interactions between tumor cells and organisms.Using various experimental animals,including mice,diverse methods,such as carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis,tumor cell line or human tumor transplantation,genetic engineering,and humanization,have been used effectively to construct numerous models for tumor LNM.Carcinogen-induced models simulate the entire process of tumorigenesis and metastasis.Transplantation models,using human tumor cell lines or patient-derived tumors,offer a research platform closely mirroring the histology and clinical behavior of human tumors.Genetically engineered models have been used to delve into the mechanisms of primary tumorigenesis within an intact microenvironment.Humanized models are used to overcome barriers between human and murine immune systems.Beyond mouse models,various other animal models have unique advantages and limitations,all contributing to exploring LNM.This review summarizes existing in vitro and animal preclinical models,identifies current bottlenecks in preclinical research,and offers an outlook on forthcoming preclinical models.
