Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs.However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infe...Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs.However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and immune defense features in different organs remains incomplete. Here, we profiled approximately 77 000single-nucleus transcriptomes of the lung, liver,kidney, and cerebral cortex in rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. Integrated analysis of the multiorgan dataset suggested that the liver harbored the strongest global transcriptional alterations. We observed prominent impairment in lung epithelial cells, especially in AT2 and ciliated cells, and evident signs of fibrosis in fibroblasts. These lung injury characteristics are similar to those reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Furthermore, we found suppressed MHC class I/II molecular activity in the lung, inflammatory response in the liver, and activation of the kynurenine pathway,which induced the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analysis of the kidney dataset highlighted tropism of tubule cells to SARS-CoV-2, and we found membranous nephropathy(an autoimmune disease) caused by podocyte dysregulation. In addition, we identified the pathological states of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex, providing molecular insights into COVID-19-related neurological implications. Overall, our multi-organ single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques broadens our understanding of disease features and antiviral immune defects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection,which may facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.展开更多
Melatonin(MLT)is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance.In this study,the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under differ...Melatonin(MLT)is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance.In this study,the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl2 at the two-leaf stage.The growth,physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium(Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin(MLT)treatment were assessed.The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and removal,resulting in ROS accumulation,membrane lipid peroxidation,and impaired growth and development.Following the application of exogenous MLT to rice seedlings,increases in plant biomass including both underground and above-ground areas were observed.MLT also scavenged the inhibition of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in a concentration dependent manner in response to Cd stress.Catalase(CAT)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)expression also decreased following MLT treatment.Amongst the six Cd-related genes assessed,five genes were downregulated and one was up-regulated in response to MLT treatment.Taken together,these data demonstrate that MLT improves the resilience of rice seedlings at the biochemical,physiological,and molecular levels,and diminishes the damage caused by Cd stress.展开更多
In this study, we evaluated the effect of the herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino) benzoate(ZJ0273) on barley growth and explored the potential to trigger growth recovery through the appl...In this study, we evaluated the effect of the herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino) benzoate(ZJ0273) on barley growth and explored the potential to trigger growth recovery through the application of branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs). Barley plants were foliar-sprayed with various concentrations of ZJ0273(100, 500, or 1000 mg/L) at the four-leaf stage. Increasing either the herbicide concentration or measurement time after herbicide treatment significantly impaired plant morphological parameters such as plant height and biomass, and affected physiological indexes, i.e. maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II(ФPSII), net photosynthetic rate(Pn), and chlorophyll meter value(soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)). Cellular injury of herbicide-treated plants was also evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and antioxidative enzyme activity. Elevated levels of herbicide significantly reduced the activity of acetolactate synthase(ALS)-a keyD, enzyme in the biosynthesis of BCAAs. In a separate experiment, growth recovery in herbicide-stressed barley plants ? was studied using various concentrations of BCAAs(10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). Increasing BCAA concentration in growth media significantly increased the biomass of herbicide-stressed barley seedlings, but had no significant effect on non-stressed plants. Further, BCAAs(100 mg/L) significantly down-regulated ROS and consequently antioxidant enzyme levels in herbicide-stressed plants. Our results showed that exogenous application of BCAAs could reverse the inhibitory effects of ZJ0273 by restoring protein biosynthesis in barley seedlings.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are metal-free fluorescent materials that can be used in optical and electronic devices,but few studies have focused on one-step synthesis routes for CDs with tunable color and high photoluminescence q...Carbon dots(CDs)are metal-free fluorescent materials that can be used in optical and electronic devices,but few studies have focused on one-step synthesis routes for CDs with tunable color and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Herein,CDs with tunable light emission were synthesized using a novel amide-assisted solvothermal approach.The as-prepared CDs were well dispersed and homogeneous,with average diameters of approximately 2.0–4.0 nm,depending on the dopants.Owing to the surface states with different ratios of nitrogen-and oxygen-related species,different CDs can exhibit blue,green,red,or white emission with relatively high PLQYs of 61.6%,41.3%,29.1%and 19.7%,respectively.XPS measurements,in conjunction with DFT calculations,indicate that nitrogen substitution(pyridinic/pyrrolic nitrogen)dominates the blue emission,while introducing oxygen functional groups lowered the LUMO energy level,which resulted in redder emission.In addition,the CDs are demonstrated as a bioimaging probe in both in vitro and in vivo assays,and the white light CDs have been demonstrated to be potential fluorescent materials for white-light-emitting diode(WLED).展开更多
A new polymeric ionic liquid gel was prepared with 1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide(MEMImBr) via radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking at room temperature.The resultant PMEMImBr ge...A new polymeric ionic liquid gel was prepared with 1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide(MEMImBr) via radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking at room temperature.The resultant PMEMImBr gel exhibits high strength and flexibility as well as special swelling behavior in oil-in-water(O/W)emulsions.The swelling behavior of PMEMImBr gel in emulsions is similar to that in water except that the swelling rate in emulsions is slightly smaller than that in water.The organic solvents with higher polarity in the emulsions contribute to the swelling of PMEMImBr gels,and the O/W proportion of emulsion in the swollen gel equals approximately that of original emulsion when the concentration of organic solvent is lower than 0.2 g/g.展开更多
This study investigates the dynamical behaviors of nearest neighbor asymmetric coupled systems in a confined space.First, the study derivative analytical stability and synchronization conditions for the asymmetrically...This study investigates the dynamical behaviors of nearest neighbor asymmetric coupled systems in a confined space.First, the study derivative analytical stability and synchronization conditions for the asymmetrically coupled system in an unconfined space, which are then validated through numerical simulations. Simulation results show that asymmetric coupling has a significant impact on synchronization conditions. Moreover, it is observed that irrespective of whether the system is confined, an increase in coupling asymmetry leads to a hastened synchronization pace. Additionally, the study examines the effects of boundaries on the system's collective behaviors via numerical experiments. The presence of boundaries ensures the system's stability and synchronization, and reducing these boundaries can expedite the synchronization process and amplify its effects. Finally, the study reveals that the system's output amplitude exhibits stochastic resonance as the confined boundary size increases.展开更多
We propose a terahertz hybrid metamaterial composed of subwavelength metallic slits and graphene plasmonic ribbons for sensing application.This special design can cause the interaction between the plasmon resonances o...We propose a terahertz hybrid metamaterial composed of subwavelength metallic slits and graphene plasmonic ribbons for sensing application.This special design can cause the interaction between the plasmon resonances of the metallic slits and graphene ribbons,giving rise to a strong coupling effect and Rabi splitting.Intricate balancing in the strong coupling region can be perturbed by the carrier concentration of graphene,which is subject to the analyte on its surface.Thereby,the detection of analyte can be reflected as a frequency shift of resonance in terahertz transmission spectra.The result shows that this sensor can achieve a theoretical detection limit of 325 electrons or holes per square micrometer.Meanwhile,it also works well as a refractive index sensor with the frequency sensitivity of 485 GHz/RIU.Our results may contribute to design of ultra-micro terahertz sensors.展开更多
随着分布式新能源大量接入配电网,主网潮流变轻,静态电压偏高且难以控制,而现有的集中式光伏电站静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)设备的无功补偿能力却未充分利用。针对以上问题,提出一种基于改进全纯嵌入法的含光伏电站主动...随着分布式新能源大量接入配电网,主网潮流变轻,静态电压偏高且难以控制,而现有的集中式光伏电站静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)设备的无功补偿能力却未充分利用。针对以上问题,提出一种基于改进全纯嵌入法的含光伏电站主动调节的无功补偿策略,对传统全纯嵌入潮流法进行改进,构建改进全纯嵌入潮流模型,充分利用集中式光伏电站的无功补偿能力,并进行额外无功补偿设备的选址定容,提高电力系统电压稳定性,降低无功补偿设备的投资成本。以改进后的IEEE 39节点系统为算例,仿真结果表明,电力系统电压稳定性得到有效提高,同时无功补偿装置配置总容量减少了约20%。展开更多
Objective： We retrospectively analyzed the clinical prognostic value of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer （AJCC） staging system for luminal A breast cancer. Methods： Using both the anatomic...Objective： We retrospectively analyzed the clinical prognostic value of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer （AJCC） staging system for luminal A breast cancer. Methods： Using both the anatomic and prognostic staging in the 8th edition of AJCC cancer staging system, we restaged patients with luminal A breast cancer treated at the Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital from 2008 to 2014. Follow-up data including 5-year disease free survival （DFS）, overall survival （OS） and other clinic-pathological data were collected to analyze the differences between the two staging subgroups. Results： This study included 421 patients with luminal A breast cancer （median follow-up, 61 months）. The 5- year DFS and OS rates were 98.3% and 99.3%, respectively. Significant differences in 5-year DFS but not OS were observed between different anatomic disease stages. Significant differences were observed in both 5-year DFS and O S between different prognostic stages. Application of the prognostic staging system resulted in assignment of 175 of 421 patients （41.6%） to a different group compared to their original anatomic stages. In total, 102 of 103 patients with anatomic stage IlA changed to prognostic stage IB, and 24 of 52 patients with anatomic stage lib changed to prognostic stage IB, while 1 changed to prognostic stage liIB. Twenty-two of 33 patients with anatomic stage IliA were down-staged to IlA when staged by prognostic staging system, and the other 11 patients were down-staged to liB. Two patients with anatomic stage IIIB were down-staged to IliA. Among seven padents with anatomic stage IIIC cancer, two were down-staged to IliA and four were down-staged to stage I]IB. Conclusions： The 8th edition of AJCC prognostic staging system is an important supplement to the breast cancer staging system. More clinical trials are needed to prove its ability to guide selection of proper systemic therapy and predict prognosis of breast cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2020YFA0804000,2020YFC0842000,2020YFA0112200,2021YFC2301703)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32010100)+6 种基金Special Associate Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(E1290601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32122037,81891001,32192411,32100512,U1902215)Collaborative Research Fund of the Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing(2020-NKX-PT-03)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-013)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology(2020QNRC001)National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates。
文摘Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs.However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and immune defense features in different organs remains incomplete. Here, we profiled approximately 77 000single-nucleus transcriptomes of the lung, liver,kidney, and cerebral cortex in rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. Integrated analysis of the multiorgan dataset suggested that the liver harbored the strongest global transcriptional alterations. We observed prominent impairment in lung epithelial cells, especially in AT2 and ciliated cells, and evident signs of fibrosis in fibroblasts. These lung injury characteristics are similar to those reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Furthermore, we found suppressed MHC class I/II molecular activity in the lung, inflammatory response in the liver, and activation of the kynurenine pathway,which induced the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analysis of the kidney dataset highlighted tropism of tubule cells to SARS-CoV-2, and we found membranous nephropathy(an autoimmune disease) caused by podocyte dysregulation. In addition, we identified the pathological states of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex, providing molecular insights into COVID-19-related neurological implications. Overall, our multi-organ single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques broadens our understanding of disease features and antiviral immune defects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection,which may facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.
基金supported by Hangzhou Scientific and Technological Program(20170432B03)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2015BAD01B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31661143006).
文摘Melatonin(MLT)is a hormonal substance found in many organisms and can improve plant stress resistance.In this study,the japonica rice variety Y32 and indica rice variety NJ6 were cultivated in hydroponics under different concentrations of CdCl2 at the two-leaf stage.The growth,physiological and biochemical responses of the seedlings and the expression of cadmium(Cd)-related genes under exogenous melatonin(MLT)treatment were assessed.The results indicated that Cd stress destroyed the dynamic balance between reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and removal,resulting in ROS accumulation,membrane lipid peroxidation,and impaired growth and development.Following the application of exogenous MLT to rice seedlings,increases in plant biomass including both underground and above-ground areas were observed.MLT also scavenged the inhibition of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in a concentration dependent manner in response to Cd stress.Catalase(CAT)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)expression also decreased following MLT treatment.Amongst the six Cd-related genes assessed,five genes were downregulated and one was up-regulated in response to MLT treatment.Taken together,these data demonstrate that MLT improves the resilience of rice seedlings at the biochemical,physiological,and molecular levels,and diminishes the damage caused by Cd stress.
基金Project supported by the Zhejiang Science and Technology Department(Nos.LGN18C130007 and 2016C02050-8)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Productionthe Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(No.14042216-Y),China
文摘In this study, we evaluated the effect of the herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy)benzylamino) benzoate(ZJ0273) on barley growth and explored the potential to trigger growth recovery through the application of branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs). Barley plants were foliar-sprayed with various concentrations of ZJ0273(100, 500, or 1000 mg/L) at the four-leaf stage. Increasing either the herbicide concentration or measurement time after herbicide treatment significantly impaired plant morphological parameters such as plant height and biomass, and affected physiological indexes, i.e. maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II(ФPSII), net photosynthetic rate(Pn), and chlorophyll meter value(soil and plant analyzer development(SPAD)). Cellular injury of herbicide-treated plants was also evidenced by increased levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and antioxidative enzyme activity. Elevated levels of herbicide significantly reduced the activity of acetolactate synthase(ALS)-a keyD, enzyme in the biosynthesis of BCAAs. In a separate experiment, growth recovery in herbicide-stressed barley plants ? was studied using various concentrations of BCAAs(10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/L). Increasing BCAA concentration in growth media significantly increased the biomass of herbicide-stressed barley seedlings, but had no significant effect on non-stressed plants. Further, BCAAs(100 mg/L) significantly down-regulated ROS and consequently antioxidant enzyme levels in herbicide-stressed plants. Our results showed that exogenous application of BCAAs could reverse the inhibitory effects of ZJ0273 by restoring protein biosynthesis in barley seedlings.
基金the financial support from the Chenguang Scholar Project of Shanghai Education Commission(Nos.19CG52,19CG53)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62071300)+3 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.19ZR1435200,20490761100)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.19XD1422900)Cross-program of Medical&Engineering(University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(No.2021-K33)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are metal-free fluorescent materials that can be used in optical and electronic devices,but few studies have focused on one-step synthesis routes for CDs with tunable color and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY).Herein,CDs with tunable light emission were synthesized using a novel amide-assisted solvothermal approach.The as-prepared CDs were well dispersed and homogeneous,with average diameters of approximately 2.0–4.0 nm,depending on the dopants.Owing to the surface states with different ratios of nitrogen-and oxygen-related species,different CDs can exhibit blue,green,red,or white emission with relatively high PLQYs of 61.6%,41.3%,29.1%and 19.7%,respectively.XPS measurements,in conjunction with DFT calculations,indicate that nitrogen substitution(pyridinic/pyrrolic nitrogen)dominates the blue emission,while introducing oxygen functional groups lowered the LUMO energy level,which resulted in redder emission.In addition,the CDs are demonstrated as a bioimaging probe in both in vitro and in vivo assays,and the white light CDs have been demonstrated to be potential fluorescent materials for white-light-emitting diode(WLED).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11375019)
文摘A new polymeric ionic liquid gel was prepared with 1-[(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-3-methylimidazolium bromide(MEMImBr) via radiation-induced polymerization and cross-linking at room temperature.The resultant PMEMImBr gel exhibits high strength and flexibility as well as special swelling behavior in oil-in-water(O/W)emulsions.The swelling behavior of PMEMImBr gel in emulsions is similar to that in water except that the swelling rate in emulsions is slightly smaller than that in water.The organic solvents with higher polarity in the emulsions contribute to the swelling of PMEMImBr gels,and the O/W proportion of emulsion in the swollen gel equals approximately that of original emulsion when the concentration of organic solvent is lower than 0.2 g/g.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China for the Youth (Grant No. ZR2023QA102)。
文摘This study investigates the dynamical behaviors of nearest neighbor asymmetric coupled systems in a confined space.First, the study derivative analytical stability and synchronization conditions for the asymmetrically coupled system in an unconfined space, which are then validated through numerical simulations. Simulation results show that asymmetric coupling has a significant impact on synchronization conditions. Moreover, it is observed that irrespective of whether the system is confined, an increase in coupling asymmetry leads to a hastened synchronization pace. Additionally, the study examines the effects of boundaries on the system's collective behaviors via numerical experiments. The presence of boundaries ensures the system's stability and synchronization, and reducing these boundaries can expedite the synchronization process and amplify its effects. Finally, the study reveals that the system's output amplitude exhibits stochastic resonance as the confined boundary size increases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61865009,61927813,and 62005168).
文摘We propose a terahertz hybrid metamaterial composed of subwavelength metallic slits and graphene plasmonic ribbons for sensing application.This special design can cause the interaction between the plasmon resonances of the metallic slits and graphene ribbons,giving rise to a strong coupling effect and Rabi splitting.Intricate balancing in the strong coupling region can be perturbed by the carrier concentration of graphene,which is subject to the analyte on its surface.Thereby,the detection of analyte can be reflected as a frequency shift of resonance in terahertz transmission spectra.The result shows that this sensor can achieve a theoretical detection limit of 325 electrons or holes per square micrometer.Meanwhile,it also works well as a refractive index sensor with the frequency sensitivity of 485 GHz/RIU.Our results may contribute to design of ultra-micro terahertz sensors.
文摘随着分布式新能源大量接入配电网,主网潮流变轻,静态电压偏高且难以控制,而现有的集中式光伏电站静止无功发生器(static var generator,SVG)设备的无功补偿能力却未充分利用。针对以上问题,提出一种基于改进全纯嵌入法的含光伏电站主动调节的无功补偿策略,对传统全纯嵌入潮流法进行改进,构建改进全纯嵌入潮流模型,充分利用集中式光伏电站的无功补偿能力,并进行额外无功补偿设备的选址定容,提高电力系统电压稳定性,降低无功补偿设备的投资成本。以改进后的IEEE 39节点系统为算例,仿真结果表明,电力系统电压稳定性得到有效提高,同时无功补偿装置配置总容量减少了约20%。
基金supported by research grants from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(No.2009-1011)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.D090507043409010 and Z131107002213007)the Precision Medicine Special Project of National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0901302)
文摘Objective： We retrospectively analyzed the clinical prognostic value of the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer （AJCC） staging system for luminal A breast cancer. Methods： Using both the anatomic and prognostic staging in the 8th edition of AJCC cancer staging system, we restaged patients with luminal A breast cancer treated at the Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital from 2008 to 2014. Follow-up data including 5-year disease free survival （DFS）, overall survival （OS） and other clinic-pathological data were collected to analyze the differences between the two staging subgroups. Results： This study included 421 patients with luminal A breast cancer （median follow-up, 61 months）. The 5- year DFS and OS rates were 98.3% and 99.3%, respectively. Significant differences in 5-year DFS but not OS were observed between different anatomic disease stages. Significant differences were observed in both 5-year DFS and O S between different prognostic stages. Application of the prognostic staging system resulted in assignment of 175 of 421 patients （41.6%） to a different group compared to their original anatomic stages. In total, 102 of 103 patients with anatomic stage IlA changed to prognostic stage IB, and 24 of 52 patients with anatomic stage lib changed to prognostic stage IB, while 1 changed to prognostic stage liIB. Twenty-two of 33 patients with anatomic stage IliA were down-staged to IlA when staged by prognostic staging system, and the other 11 patients were down-staged to liB. Two patients with anatomic stage IIIB were down-staged to IliA. Among seven padents with anatomic stage IIIC cancer, two were down-staged to IliA and four were down-staged to stage I]IB. Conclusions： The 8th edition of AJCC prognostic staging system is an important supplement to the breast cancer staging system. More clinical trials are needed to prove its ability to guide selection of proper systemic therapy and predict prognosis of breast cancer.
