Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which wil...Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which will affect the construction progress and quality. Among them, the over-budget phenomenon of project cost caused by various factors is still relatively serious. Therefore, it is necessary to fully clarify the key points of budget control in the process of cost budget, so as to make the cost budget more scientific and accurate, thus achieving the purpose of cost control and reducing economic losses.展开更多
With the continuous improvement and progress of China's economic strength, the development and construction scale of China's construction projects are constantly expanding. On the premise that the quality of t...With the continuous improvement and progress of China's economic strength, the development and construction scale of China's construction projects are constantly expanding. On the premise that the quality of the project can be guaranteed, relevant enterprises need to pay more attention to the management and control of the project cost throughout the project life cycle. In the concrete implementation of construction projects, due to the influence of many factors, the cost of construction projects will often change to a certain extent, and even there will be omissions and errors in cost calculation, which will damage the economic benefits of the normal operation of the construction enterprise. It is precisely because of the above reasons that this paper first briefly expounds the necessity and importance of the implementation of cost budget in construction projects, which can promote the rational implementation of construction projects, promote the scientific and rational use of funds, and improve the comprehensive use efficiency of construction project funds. At the same time, it also puts forward the corresponding solutions and control methods for the reasons why cost management in construction projects is often overspent. It can be used for reference by relevant people.展开更多
Background Previous studies showed that the role of Fas ligand (FasL) is not consistent in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. This study was designed to investigate the effects of FasL on the pathogenesis of...Background Previous studies showed that the role of Fas ligand (FasL) is not consistent in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. This study was designed to investigate the effects of FasL on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) using CMV-human FasL (hFasL) transgenic mice. Methods Transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing hFasL were used as an animal model of EAT by injection of porcine thyroglobulin (pTg). Expression of hFasL was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The activity of hFasL transgenic thyrocytes killing Jurket cells was determined. CMV-hFasL transgenic mice and wild type (WT) mice were immunized with pTg and killed 28 days later to evaluate the lymphocytic infiltration of their thyroids. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from the spleen was detected using FACS. The serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration was measured by ELISA. Results hFasL expression in the thyroid of CMV-hFasL transgenic mice was confirmed. After co-incubation of Jurket thymocytes with thyroid tissues of CMV-hFasL transgenic mice, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the CMV-hFasL transgenic thyroid group was significantly higher than that of the control WT thyroid group ［(23.4±4.3)% vs (6.6±2.5)%, P<0.01］. On day 28 after immunization with pTg, the infiltration index of lymphocytes in thyroids of the CMV-hFasL transgenic mice was significantly lower than that of the WT mice ［(1.0±0.5) vs (2.1±0.7), P<0.001］. Moreover, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes of the spleen and serum IFN-γ concentration were significantly decreased in the CMV-hFasL transgenic mice. Conclusions FasL plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing hFasL may strongly inhibit lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid of EAT and ameliorate the course of this disease.展开更多
文摘Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which will affect the construction progress and quality. Among them, the over-budget phenomenon of project cost caused by various factors is still relatively serious. Therefore, it is necessary to fully clarify the key points of budget control in the process of cost budget, so as to make the cost budget more scientific and accurate, thus achieving the purpose of cost control and reducing economic losses.
文摘With the continuous improvement and progress of China's economic strength, the development and construction scale of China's construction projects are constantly expanding. On the premise that the quality of the project can be guaranteed, relevant enterprises need to pay more attention to the management and control of the project cost throughout the project life cycle. In the concrete implementation of construction projects, due to the influence of many factors, the cost of construction projects will often change to a certain extent, and even there will be omissions and errors in cost calculation, which will damage the economic benefits of the normal operation of the construction enterprise. It is precisely because of the above reasons that this paper first briefly expounds the necessity and importance of the implementation of cost budget in construction projects, which can promote the rational implementation of construction projects, promote the scientific and rational use of funds, and improve the comprehensive use efficiency of construction project funds. At the same time, it also puts forward the corresponding solutions and control methods for the reasons why cost management in construction projects is often overspent. It can be used for reference by relevant people.
文摘Background Previous studies showed that the role of Fas ligand (FasL) is not consistent in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. This study was designed to investigate the effects of FasL on the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) using CMV-human FasL (hFasL) transgenic mice. Methods Transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing hFasL were used as an animal model of EAT by injection of porcine thyroglobulin (pTg). Expression of hFasL was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The activity of hFasL transgenic thyrocytes killing Jurket cells was determined. CMV-hFasL transgenic mice and wild type (WT) mice were immunized with pTg and killed 28 days later to evaluate the lymphocytic infiltration of their thyroids. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes from the spleen was detected using FACS. The serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration was measured by ELISA. Results hFasL expression in the thyroid of CMV-hFasL transgenic mice was confirmed. After co-incubation of Jurket thymocytes with thyroid tissues of CMV-hFasL transgenic mice, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the CMV-hFasL transgenic thyroid group was significantly higher than that of the control WT thyroid group ［(23.4±4.3)% vs (6.6±2.5)%, P<0.01］. On day 28 after immunization with pTg, the infiltration index of lymphocytes in thyroids of the CMV-hFasL transgenic mice was significantly lower than that of the WT mice ［(1.0±0.5) vs (2.1±0.7), P<0.001］. Moreover, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes of the spleen and serum IFN-γ concentration were significantly decreased in the CMV-hFasL transgenic mice. Conclusions FasL plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. Transgenic mice ubiquitously expressing hFasL may strongly inhibit lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid of EAT and ameliorate the course of this disease.
