The reduction of carbon emissions in the steel industry is a significant challenge,and utilizing CO_(2) from carbon intensive steel industry off-gases for methanol production is a promising strategy for decarbonizatio...The reduction of carbon emissions in the steel industry is a significant challenge,and utilizing CO_(2) from carbon intensive steel industry off-gases for methanol production is a promising strategy for decarbonization.However,steelwork off-gases typically contain various impurities,including H_(2)S,which can deactivate commercial methanol synthesis catalysts,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)(CZA).Reverse water-gas shift(RWGS)reaction is the predominant side reaction in CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol which can occur at ambient pressure,enabling the decouple of RWGS from methanol production at high pressure.Then,a series of activated CZA catalysts has been in-situ pretreated in 400 ppm H_(2)S/Ar at 250℃and tested for both RWGS reaction at ambient pressure and CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol at high pressure.An innovative decoupling strategy was employed to isolate the RWGS reaction from the methanol synthesis process,enabling the investigation of the evolution of active site structures and the poisoning mechanism through elemental analysis,X-ray Diffraction,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,Temperature Programmed Reduction and CO_(2) Temperature Programmed Desorption.The results indicate that there are different dynamic migration behaviors of ZnO_(x) in the two reaction systems,leading to different poisoning mechanisms.These interesting findings are beneficial to develop sulfur resistant and durable highly efficient catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol,promoting the carbon emission reduction in steel industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) is commonly associated with acute organ failure, but its effects on cerebral function within intensive care unit(ICU) patients remains inadequately researched. This study aim...BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) is commonly associated with acute organ failure, but its effects on cerebral function within intensive care unit(ICU) patients remains inadequately researched. This study aims to determine the prevalence of delirium in critically ill patients diagnosed with SAP, and to identify risk factors associated with delirium in this patient population.METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter study, which enrolled adult patients diagnosed with SAP who admitted intensive care unit(ICU) for at least 24 h. Patient assessment was conducted using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale(RASS) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU(CAM-ICU). The cumulative incidence of delirium was determined. Demographic, clinical data, and length of ICU stay were compared between patients with and without delirium. A logistic regression model was employed to identify potential risk factors for delirium. RESuLTS: A total of 1,814 patients were included from seven hospitals in Anhui province, China. Delirium was observed in 25.2% of patients. Logistic regression analysis identified APACHE II scores(odds ratio [OR]=3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–10.43, P=0.04), physical restraint(OR=11.11, 95%CI: 4.35–28.39, P<0.05), invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)(OR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.41–4.25, P=0.002), and ICU length of stay ≥ 7 days(OR=3.14, 95%CI: 2.27–4.36, P<0.05) as independent risk factors of delirium.cONcLuSION: The present study revealed a substantial incidence of delirium in critically ill patients with SAP, associated with factors including APACHE II score, IMV, physical restraint, and prolonged ICU stays.展开更多
Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_...Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr^(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)= 1.26).展开更多
A modified Hummer＇s method was adopted for the synthesis of graphene oxide（GO） and reduced graphene oxide（rGO）. It was revealed that the modified method is effective for the production of GO and rGO from graphite...A modified Hummer＇s method was adopted for the synthesis of graphene oxide（GO） and reduced graphene oxide（rGO）. It was revealed that the modified method is effective for the production of GO and rGO from graphite. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） images of GO and rGO showed a sheet-like morphology. Because of the presence of oxygenated functional groups on the carbon surface, the interlayer spacing of the prepared GO was higher than that of rGO. The presence of ／OH and CO groups in the Fourier transform infrared spectra（FTIR） spectrum and G-mode and 2D-mode in Raman spectra confirmed the synthesis of GO and rGO. rGO（292.6 m2/g） showed higher surface area than that of GO（236.4 m2/g）. The prepared rGO was used as an adsorbent for benzene and toluene（model pollutants of volatile organic compounds（VOCs）） under dynamic adsorption/desorption conditions. rGO showed higher adsorption capacity and breakthrough times than GO. The adsorption capacity of rGO for benzene and toluene was 276.4 and 304.4 mg/g, respectively.Desorption experiments showed that the spent rGO can be successfully regenerated by heating at 150.0℃. Its excellent adsorption/desorption performance for benzene and toluene makes rGO a potential adsorbent for VOC adsorption.展开更多
Anatase TiO2 nanosheets（-ns-） with dominant exposed {001} facets were used as support to load copper,and the synthesized Cu/TiO2-ns catalysts were evaluated for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Under the reaction cond...Anatase TiO2 nanosheets（-ns-） with dominant exposed {001} facets were used as support to load copper,and the synthesized Cu/TiO2-ns catalysts were evaluated for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Under the reaction conditions, P = 3.0 MPa, T = 260 ℃, V（N2）：V（H2）：V（CO2） = 8：69：23 and gas hourly space velocity（GHSV） = 3600 mL g-1h-1, the methanol yield reached an appealing high value, 5.6%. Copper-loading amount, calcination temperature and reduction atmosphere have been investigated in this work, which significantly influence the particle sizes of copper and/or the defect concentration in TiO2, then leading to different catalytic performance. Characterizations of XRD, EPR, CO2-TPD and FTIR demonstrate that higher specific surface area of Cu is good for the hydrogenation of CO2 and adequate amount of Ti3＋ plays important roles in CO2 activation. Both of them facilitate high turnover frequency（TOF） of methanol formation.展开更多
The occurrence of coal-bearing strata in a variety of coal-bearing basins of China is characterized by late tectonic deformation and remarkable spatial and geochronologic differences.The main controlling factors,which...The occurrence of coal-bearing strata in a variety of coal-bearing basins of China is characterized by late tectonic deformation and remarkable spatial and geochronologic differences.The main controlling factors,which determine the tectonic framework of coalfields,include the geodynamic environment,tectonic evolution,deep structures,tectonic stress,and lithologic combination of the coal measures.The Chinese continent has experienced multi-stage tectonic movements since the Late Paleozoic.The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of its continental tectonic evolution,the complexity of its basement properties,and its stratigraphic configurations control the tectonic framework of its coalfields’present complex and orderly patterns.The concept of coal occurrence structural units is proposed in this paper and is defined as the structural zoning of coal occurrence.China’s coalfields are divided into five coal occurrence structural areas,and the structural characteristics of the coalfields in five main coal occurrence areas throughout the country are summarized.Based on the analysis of the relationship between the structure characteristics and occurrence of coal in these coalfields,the coal-controlling structures are divided into six groups:extensional structural styles,compressional structural styles,shearing and rotational structural styles,inverted structural styles,sliding structural styles,and syn-depositional structural styles.In addition,the distribution of coal-controlling structural styles is briefly summarized in this paper.展开更多
Herein,a bottom-down design is presented to successfully fabricate ZIF-derived Co3O4,grown in situ on a one-dimensional(1D)α-MnO2 material,denoted as α-MnO2@Co3O4.The synergistic effect derived from the coupled inte...Herein,a bottom-down design is presented to successfully fabricate ZIF-derived Co3O4,grown in situ on a one-dimensional(1D)α-MnO2 material,denoted as α-MnO2@Co3O4.The synergistic effect derived from the coupled interface constructed betweenα-MnO2 and Co3O4 is responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity.The resultantα-MnO2@Co3O4 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity at a T90%(temperature required to achieve a toluene conversion of 90%)of approximately 229℃,which is 47 and 28℃ lower than those of the pureα-MnO2 nanowire and Co3O4-b obtained via pyrolysis of ZIF-67,respectively.This activity is attributed to the increase in the number of surface-adsorbed oxygen species,which accelerate the oxygen mobility and enhance the redox pairs of Mn^4+/Mn^3+ and Co^2+/Co^3+.Moreover,the result of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy suggests that the gaseous oxygen could be more easily activated to adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of α-MnO2@Co3O4 than on that of α-MnO2.The catalytic reaction route of toluene oxidation over theα-MnO2@Co3O4 catalyst is as follows:toluene→benzoate species→alkanes containing oxygen functional group→CO2 and H2O.In addition,the α-MnO2@Co3O4 catalyst shows excellent stability and good water resistance for toluene oxidation.Furthermore,the preparation method can be extended to other 1D MnO2 materials.A new strategy for the development of high-performance catalysts of practical significance is provided.展开更多
Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are ...Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are usually comprised of haploid genomes of parental species.We exploited this attribute of interspecific hybrids to avoid heterozygosity and sequenced an interspecific hybrid Juglans microcarpa×J.regia using a novel combination of single-molecule sequencing and optical genome mapping technologies.The resulting assemblies of both genomes were remarkably complete including chromosome termini and centromere regions.Chromosome termini consisted of arrays of telomeric repeats about 8 kb long and heterochromatic subtelomeric regions about 10 kb long.The centromeres consisted of arrays of a centromere-specific Gypsy retrotransposon and most contained genes,many of them transcribed.Juglans genomes evolved by a whole-genome-duplication dating back to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and consist of two subgenomes,which were fractionated by numerous short gene deletions evenly distributed along the length of the chromosomes.Fractionation was shown to be asymmetric with one subgenome exhibiting greater gene loss than the other.The asymmetry of the process is ongoing and mirrors an asymmetry in gene expression between the subgenomes.Given the importance of J.microcarpa×J.regia hybrids as potential walnut rootstocks,we catalogued disease resistance genes in the parental genomes and studied their chromosomal distribution.We also estimated the molecular clock rates for woody perennials and deployed them in estimating divergence times of Juglans genomes and those of other woody perennials.展开更多
Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and manage- ment strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve （NR） is one of the most importan...Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and manage- ment strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve （NR） is one of the most important national reserves for giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca in China. Previous studies have shown that giant pandas in Tangjiahe NR may be threatened by population decline and fragmentation. Here we used 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess the genetic variability in the Tang- jiahe population. The results indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the Hongshihe and Motianling subpopulations in the reserve. Assignment tests using the Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE identified one genetic cluster from 42 in- dividuals of the two subpopulations. All individuals from the same subpopulation were assigned to one cluster. This indicates high gene flow between subpopulations. F statistic analyses revealed a low Fzs-value of 0.024 in the total population and implies a randomly mating population in Tangjiahe NR. Additionally, our data show a high level of genetic diversity for the Tangjiahe population. Mean allele number （A）, Allelic richness （AR） and mean expected heterozygosity （HE） for the Tangjiahe population was 5.9, 5.173 and 0.703, respectively. This wild giant panda population can be restored through concerted effort展开更多
Based on the proposed partly equidifferent mapping and its specific Differential Amplitude and Pulse Position Modulation(DAPPM) demodulation, a modified FSO scheme for turbulent channel is designed and analyzed. The n...Based on the proposed partly equidifferent mapping and its specific Differential Amplitude and Pulse Position Modulation(DAPPM) demodulation, a modified FSO scheme for turbulent channel is designed and analyzed. The novel Low Density Parity Check(LDPC) coded 4×4 and 4×8 DAPPM Free-Space Optical communication(FSO) system is constructed. The Monte Carlo simulation results show approximately 2d B transmit power reduction against classical LDPC-DAPPM at the identical Bit-Error-Rate in strong turbulent channel. The proposed partly equidifferent mapping is compatible with other modulations, so it enables widespread adoption in other coded FSO systems.展开更多
Activated carbon （AC） supported silver catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and their catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation （PROX） in excess H2 was evaluated. Ag/AC cataly...Activated carbon （AC） supported silver catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and their catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation （PROX） in excess H2 was evaluated. Ag/AC catalysts, after reduction in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃） following heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ （He200H200）, exhibited the best catalytic properties. Temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） results indicated that silver oxides were produced during heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ which were reduced to metal silver nanoparticles in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃）, simultaneously generating the adsorbed water/OH. CO conversion was enhanced 40% after water treatment following heat treatment in He at 600 ℃. These results imply that the metal silver nanoparticles are the active species and the adsorbed water/OH has noticeable promotion effects on CO oxidation. However, the promotion effect is still limited compared to gold catalysts under the similar conditions, which may be the reason of low selectivity to CO oxidation in PROX over silver catalysts. The reported Ag/AC-S-He catalyst after He200H200 treatment displayed similar PROX of CO reaction properties to Ag/SiO2. This means that Ag/AC catalyst is also an efficient low-temperature CO oxidation catalyst.展开更多
Venom plays several important roles in the life of the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren.Laboratory rearing significantly affected the toxin component of S.invicta.However,the molecular mechanism of the change of veno...Venom plays several important roles in the life of the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren.Laboratory rearing significantly affected the toxin component of S.invicta.However,the molecular mechanism of the change of venomous components when kept in the laboratory is unclear.In this study,RNA sequencing technique(RNA-Seq)was performed to explore differentially expressed genes in the venom gland of S.invicta at 0,10,and 60 days after laboratory rearing.The RNA-Seq results showed that the expression of a large number of genes changed.The DEGs were involved in multiple pathways,including proteolysis,serine-type endopeptidase,and allergen.Furthermore,RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR data revealed that the expression of some genes related to proteolysis and allergen significantly decreased.Thus,our data generated new data relating to toxin-component and the transcriptome dynamics in the venom gland of S.invicta during laboratory rearing.展开更多
Correction to:Int J Coal Sci Technol https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00326-z The original publication of the article contains incorrect notes in Fig.1.The correct version of notes in Fig.1 is provided in this errat...Correction to:Int J Coal Sci Technol https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00326-z The original publication of the article contains incorrect notes in Fig.1.The correct version of notes in Fig.1 is provided in this erratum.Fig.1 Tectonic framework of coalfields in China.1—Paleogene–Neogene coal measure;2—Lower Cretaceous coal measure;3—Early-Middle Jurassic coal measure;4—Upper Triassic coal measure;5—Carboniferous–Permian coal measure;6—First-level structural boundary;7—Second-level structural boundary;I:Eastern compound deformation zone;II:Western compressional deformation zone;III:Middle transitional deformation zone;NECCA:North East China coal occurrence area;NCCA:North China coal occurrence area;NWCCA:Northwest China coal occurrence Area;SCCA:South China coal occurrence area;YXCA:Yunnan-Xizang China coal occurrence area.展开更多
The authors regret“In the whole text,ppm and mg/L was confusing.As in aqueous phase,1 ppm=1 mg/L,but in gaseous phase,1 ppm=0.001%o.In this paper,in text and figures,the concentration units were ppm,but when calculat...The authors regret“In the whole text,ppm and mg/L was confusing.As in aqueous phase,1 ppm=1 mg/L,but in gaseous phase,1 ppm=0.001%o.In this paper,in text and figures,the concentration units were ppm,but when calculating the adsorption ca-pacity,the concentration units ppm were mistakenly used as mg/L.As for benzene,1 ppm=3.4871 x 10^-3 mg/L,as for toluene。展开更多
Mountains cover approximately 24%of the Earth’s land surface,providing crucial sources of the planet’s fresh water and supporting vital ecosystem services.However,under the pressures of climate change and human acti...Mountains cover approximately 24%of the Earth’s land surface,providing crucial sources of the planet’s fresh water and supporting vital ecosystem services.However,under the pressures of climate change and human activities,mountain ecosystems are rapidly transforming,acting as sentinels of global change.1 With the relentless advancement of satellite constellations,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),and ground observation networks,we are entering a new era of stereoscopic Earth observation.Stereoscopic remote sensing combines observations from multi-altitude platforms and technologies like LiDAR and SAR to capture Earth’s information across various layers,altitudes,and depths.This approach enables the acquisition of multi-modal,multi-resolution,multiangle,multi-spectral,andmulti-temporal stereoscopic observation data,promoting a comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s surface and its dynamic processes.However,given the inherently complex three-dimensional(3D)nature of mountains,there is a pressing need for tailored observation methods and specific observation goals to effectively address the distinct challenges posed by these environments.展开更多
Intercropping has emerged as a pivotal strategy in modern ecological agriculture,significantly contributing to biodiversity enhancement,ecological system services and soil quality improvement.In light of global food s...Intercropping has emerged as a pivotal strategy in modern ecological agriculture,significantly contributing to biodiversity enhancement,ecological system services and soil quality improvement.In light of global food security challenges and the scarcity of arable land,intercropping is anticipated to become increasingly important for enhancing farmland quality and ensuring food security in China.Current research primarily highlights the benefits of intercropping in improving farmland quality and crop productivity,with some attention also given to its role in promoting biodiversity and ecological system services.However,the mechanisms by which intercropping specifically enhances soil physical,chemical and biological properties to sustain long-term soil health and improve farmland quality require further investigation.This review examines the concept of sugarcane intercropping and its role in promoting soil health and enhancing ecological system services.It systematically synthesizes recent research findings on the effects of sugarcane intercropping on soil physical,chemical and biological properties in southern China.Additionally,this review outlines future research directions and priorities for developing intercropping systems that prioritize farmland quality improvement,aiming to provide insights into the broader value that intercropping in China’s strategies for farmland quality enhancement.展开更多
Background: Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intesti...Background: Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intestinal injury model for sepsis.Methods: Stable passaged organoids were constructed and pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury. The LPS-induced sepsis model was used as a reference. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the RNA levels of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the protein levels, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathology of the small intestine of mice, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Perkin Elmer OperettaTM was used to obtain high-resolution images of three-dimensional organoids.Results: An LPS concentration >150 μg/mL after 24 h was identified to cause organoid growth restriction. The fluorescence intensity of zonula occludens-1 and occludins at LPS concentrations >100 μg/mL decreased significantly after 24 h. After LPS stimulation for 8 h, the RNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha, beta, and gamma increased. These results resembled those of intestinal epithelial layer alterations in a mouse sepsis model. For IL-10, the RNA expression level increased only when the LPS level >200 μg/mL for 24 h.Conclusions: This study provides the primary intestinalin vitro model to study the effects of LPS-induced intestinal injury resembling sepsis. This model provides a platform for immune associated mechanism exploration and effective drug screening.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection continues to be a major health burden worldwide.It can cause various degrees of liver damage and is strongly associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular ca...Chronic hepatitis B virus infection continues to be a major health burden worldwide.It can cause various degrees of liver damage and is strongly associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Covalently closed circular DNA in the nucleus of infected cells cannot be disabled by present therapies which may lead to HBV persistence and relapse.In this review,we summarized the current knowledge on hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA and its potential role as a therapeutic target.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276060 and 21976059)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515012636)China Scholarship Council Scholarship(No.201906155006)。
文摘The reduction of carbon emissions in the steel industry is a significant challenge,and utilizing CO_(2) from carbon intensive steel industry off-gases for methanol production is a promising strategy for decarbonization.However,steelwork off-gases typically contain various impurities,including H_(2)S,which can deactivate commercial methanol synthesis catalysts,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)(CZA).Reverse water-gas shift(RWGS)reaction is the predominant side reaction in CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol which can occur at ambient pressure,enabling the decouple of RWGS from methanol production at high pressure.Then,a series of activated CZA catalysts has been in-situ pretreated in 400 ppm H_(2)S/Ar at 250℃and tested for both RWGS reaction at ambient pressure and CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol at high pressure.An innovative decoupling strategy was employed to isolate the RWGS reaction from the methanol synthesis process,enabling the investigation of the evolution of active site structures and the poisoning mechanism through elemental analysis,X-ray Diffraction,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,Temperature Programmed Reduction and CO_(2) Temperature Programmed Desorption.The results indicate that there are different dynamic migration behaviors of ZnO_(x) in the two reaction systems,leading to different poisoning mechanisms.These interesting findings are beneficial to develop sulfur resistant and durable highly efficient catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation to methanol,promoting the carbon emission reduction in steel industry.
基金supported by Anhui Provincial Scientific Research Preparation Plan Project(2023AH040079)Anhui Provincial Health Research Project(AHWJ2023A10095).
文摘BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) is commonly associated with acute organ failure, but its effects on cerebral function within intensive care unit(ICU) patients remains inadequately researched. This study aims to determine the prevalence of delirium in critically ill patients diagnosed with SAP, and to identify risk factors associated with delirium in this patient population.METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter study, which enrolled adult patients diagnosed with SAP who admitted intensive care unit(ICU) for at least 24 h. Patient assessment was conducted using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale(RASS) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU(CAM-ICU). The cumulative incidence of delirium was determined. Demographic, clinical data, and length of ICU stay were compared between patients with and without delirium. A logistic regression model was employed to identify potential risk factors for delirium. RESuLTS: A total of 1,814 patients were included from seven hospitals in Anhui province, China. Delirium was observed in 25.2% of patients. Logistic regression analysis identified APACHE II scores(odds ratio [OR]=3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–10.43, P=0.04), physical restraint(OR=11.11, 95%CI: 4.35–28.39, P<0.05), invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)(OR=2.44, 95%CI: 1.41–4.25, P=0.002), and ICU length of stay ≥ 7 days(OR=3.14, 95%CI: 2.27–4.36, P<0.05) as independent risk factors of delirium.cONcLuSION: The present study revealed a substantial incidence of delirium in critically ill patients with SAP, associated with factors including APACHE II score, IMV, physical restraint, and prolonged ICU stays.
基金supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province China (No.2015B0202236002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21401200,51108187,51672273,B5151050)+2 种基金the National Key R & D Plan (No.2017YFC0211503)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems (No.MPCS-2017-D-06)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No.2016A030311003)
文摘Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr^(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)= 1.26).
基金financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M592496)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91645119,21207039,U1201231,51378218,51108187 and 50978103)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2017BQ053 and 2017BQ055)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2014A030310431)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan(201607010095)
文摘A modified Hummer＇s method was adopted for the synthesis of graphene oxide（GO） and reduced graphene oxide（rGO）. It was revealed that the modified method is effective for the production of GO and rGO from graphite. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） images of GO and rGO showed a sheet-like morphology. Because of the presence of oxygenated functional groups on the carbon surface, the interlayer spacing of the prepared GO was higher than that of rGO. The presence of ／OH and CO groups in the Fourier transform infrared spectra（FTIR） spectrum and G-mode and 2D-mode in Raman spectra confirmed the synthesis of GO and rGO. rGO（292.6 m2/g） showed higher surface area than that of GO（236.4 m2/g）. The prepared rGO was used as an adsorbent for benzene and toluene（model pollutants of volatile organic compounds（VOCs）） under dynamic adsorption/desorption conditions. rGO showed higher adsorption capacity and breakthrough times than GO. The adsorption capacity of rGO for benzene and toluene was 276.4 and 304.4 mg/g, respectively.Desorption experiments showed that the spent rGO can be successfully regenerated by heating at 150.0℃. Its excellent adsorption/desorption performance for benzene and toluene makes rGO a potential adsorbent for VOC adsorption.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 91645119, 21207039, B5151050)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2017ZD076)+2 种基金Guangzhou science and technology plan (201607010095)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant no. S2011010000737)State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, P.R. China (No. 201602)
文摘Anatase TiO2 nanosheets（-ns-） with dominant exposed {001} facets were used as support to load copper,and the synthesized Cu/TiO2-ns catalysts were evaluated for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. Under the reaction conditions, P = 3.0 MPa, T = 260 ℃, V（N2）：V（H2）：V（CO2） = 8：69：23 and gas hourly space velocity（GHSV） = 3600 mL g-1h-1, the methanol yield reached an appealing high value, 5.6%. Copper-loading amount, calcination temperature and reduction atmosphere have been investigated in this work, which significantly influence the particle sizes of copper and/or the defect concentration in TiO2, then leading to different catalytic performance. Characterizations of XRD, EPR, CO2-TPD and FTIR demonstrate that higher specific surface area of Cu is good for the hydrogenation of CO2 and adequate amount of Ti3＋ plays important roles in CO2 activation. Both of them facilitate high turnover frequency（TOF） of methanol formation.
基金financially supported by the Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey National Potential Evaluation of Coal Resources project(121211121043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41572141,41772156).
文摘The occurrence of coal-bearing strata in a variety of coal-bearing basins of China is characterized by late tectonic deformation and remarkable spatial and geochronologic differences.The main controlling factors,which determine the tectonic framework of coalfields,include the geodynamic environment,tectonic evolution,deep structures,tectonic stress,and lithologic combination of the coal measures.The Chinese continent has experienced multi-stage tectonic movements since the Late Paleozoic.The spatial and temporal heterogeneity of its continental tectonic evolution,the complexity of its basement properties,and its stratigraphic configurations control the tectonic framework of its coalfields’present complex and orderly patterns.The concept of coal occurrence structural units is proposed in this paper and is defined as the structural zoning of coal occurrence.China’s coalfields are divided into five coal occurrence structural areas,and the structural characteristics of the coalfields in five main coal occurrence areas throughout the country are summarized.Based on the analysis of the relationship between the structure characteristics and occurrence of coal in these coalfields,the coal-controlling structures are divided into six groups:extensional structural styles,compressional structural styles,shearing and rotational structural styles,inverted structural styles,sliding structural styles,and syn-depositional structural styles.In addition,the distribution of coal-controlling structural styles is briefly summarized in this paper.
文摘Herein,a bottom-down design is presented to successfully fabricate ZIF-derived Co3O4,grown in situ on a one-dimensional(1D)α-MnO2 material,denoted as α-MnO2@Co3O4.The synergistic effect derived from the coupled interface constructed betweenα-MnO2 and Co3O4 is responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity.The resultantα-MnO2@Co3O4 catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity at a T90%(temperature required to achieve a toluene conversion of 90%)of approximately 229℃,which is 47 and 28℃ lower than those of the pureα-MnO2 nanowire and Co3O4-b obtained via pyrolysis of ZIF-67,respectively.This activity is attributed to the increase in the number of surface-adsorbed oxygen species,which accelerate the oxygen mobility and enhance the redox pairs of Mn^4+/Mn^3+ and Co^2+/Co^3+.Moreover,the result of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy suggests that the gaseous oxygen could be more easily activated to adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of α-MnO2@Co3O4 than on that of α-MnO2.The catalytic reaction route of toluene oxidation over theα-MnO2@Co3O4 catalyst is as follows:toluene→benzoate species→alkanes containing oxygen functional group→CO2 and H2O.In addition,the α-MnO2@Co3O4 catalyst shows excellent stability and good water resistance for toluene oxidation.Furthermore,the preparation method can be extended to other 1D MnO2 materials.A new strategy for the development of high-performance catalysts of practical significance is provided.
基金supported by USDA/NIFA/SCRI under grant number 59-5306-2-333 and by the California Walnut Board.
文摘Members of the genus Juglans are monecious wind-pollinated trees in the family Juglandaceae with highly heterozygous genomes,which greatly complicates genome sequence assembly.The genomes of interspecific hybrids are usually comprised of haploid genomes of parental species.We exploited this attribute of interspecific hybrids to avoid heterozygosity and sequenced an interspecific hybrid Juglans microcarpa×J.regia using a novel combination of single-molecule sequencing and optical genome mapping technologies.The resulting assemblies of both genomes were remarkably complete including chromosome termini and centromere regions.Chromosome termini consisted of arrays of telomeric repeats about 8 kb long and heterochromatic subtelomeric regions about 10 kb long.The centromeres consisted of arrays of a centromere-specific Gypsy retrotransposon and most contained genes,many of them transcribed.Juglans genomes evolved by a whole-genome-duplication dating back to the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and consist of two subgenomes,which were fractionated by numerous short gene deletions evenly distributed along the length of the chromosomes.Fractionation was shown to be asymmetric with one subgenome exhibiting greater gene loss than the other.The asymmetry of the process is ongoing and mirrors an asymmetry in gene expression between the subgenomes.Given the importance of J.microcarpa×J.regia hybrids as potential walnut rootstocks,we catalogued disease resistance genes in the parental genomes and studied their chromosomal distribution.We also estimated the molecular clock rates for woody perennials and deployed them in estimating divergence times of Juglans genomes and those of other woody perennials.
文摘Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and manage- ment strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve （NR） is one of the most important national reserves for giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca in China. Previous studies have shown that giant pandas in Tangjiahe NR may be threatened by population decline and fragmentation. Here we used 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess the genetic variability in the Tang- jiahe population. The results indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the Hongshihe and Motianling subpopulations in the reserve. Assignment tests using the Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE identified one genetic cluster from 42 in- dividuals of the two subpopulations. All individuals from the same subpopulation were assigned to one cluster. This indicates high gene flow between subpopulations. F statistic analyses revealed a low Fzs-value of 0.024 in the total population and implies a randomly mating population in Tangjiahe NR. Additionally, our data show a high level of genetic diversity for the Tangjiahe population. Mean allele number （A）, Allelic richness （AR） and mean expected heterozygosity （HE） for the Tangjiahe population was 5.9, 5.173 and 0.703, respectively. This wild giant panda population can be restored through concerted effort
基金supported by the National High-tech R&D Program (863 Program) 2013AA041003the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 51165033the Science and Technology Department of Jiangxi Province of China under grant 20151BBE50046,20142BBE50035 and 20151BAB207052
文摘Based on the proposed partly equidifferent mapping and its specific Differential Amplitude and Pulse Position Modulation(DAPPM) demodulation, a modified FSO scheme for turbulent channel is designed and analyzed. The novel Low Density Parity Check(LDPC) coded 4×4 and 4×8 DAPPM Free-Space Optical communication(FSO) system is constructed. The Monte Carlo simulation results show approximately 2d B transmit power reduction against classical LDPC-DAPPM at the identical Bit-Error-Rate in strong turbulent channel. The proposed partly equidifferent mapping is compatible with other modulations, so it enables widespread adoption in other coded FSO systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21207039)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. S2011010000737)+2 种基金the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (20110172120017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2011zm 0048)the Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y007K1)
文摘Activated carbon （AC） supported silver catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method and their catalytic performance for CO preferential oxidation （PROX） in excess H2 was evaluated. Ag/AC catalysts, after reduction in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃） following heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ （He200H200）, exhibited the best catalytic properties. Temperature-programmed desorption （TPD）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature-programmed reduction （TPR） results indicated that silver oxides were produced during heat treatment in He at 200 ℃ which were reduced to metal silver nanoparticles in H2 at low temperatures （≤200 ℃）, simultaneously generating the adsorbed water/OH. CO conversion was enhanced 40% after water treatment following heat treatment in He at 600 ℃. These results imply that the metal silver nanoparticles are the active species and the adsorbed water/OH has noticeable promotion effects on CO oxidation. However, the promotion effect is still limited compared to gold catalysts under the similar conditions, which may be the reason of low selectivity to CO oxidation in PROX over silver catalysts. The reported Ag/AC-S-He catalyst after He200H200 treatment displayed similar PROX of CO reaction properties to Ag/SiO2. This means that Ag/AC catalyst is also an efficient low-temperature CO oxidation catalyst.
基金This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board(IRB)Institutional of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The approval code is 2020AWE061801The approval date is June 19,2020.
文摘Venom plays several important roles in the life of the fire ant,Solenopsis invicta Buren.Laboratory rearing significantly affected the toxin component of S.invicta.However,the molecular mechanism of the change of venomous components when kept in the laboratory is unclear.In this study,RNA sequencing technique(RNA-Seq)was performed to explore differentially expressed genes in the venom gland of S.invicta at 0,10,and 60 days after laboratory rearing.The RNA-Seq results showed that the expression of a large number of genes changed.The DEGs were involved in multiple pathways,including proteolysis,serine-type endopeptidase,and allergen.Furthermore,RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR data revealed that the expression of some genes related to proteolysis and allergen significantly decreased.Thus,our data generated new data relating to toxin-component and the transcriptome dynamics in the venom gland of S.invicta during laboratory rearing.
文摘Correction to:Int J Coal Sci Technol https://doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00326-z The original publication of the article contains incorrect notes in Fig.1.The correct version of notes in Fig.1 is provided in this erratum.Fig.1 Tectonic framework of coalfields in China.1—Paleogene–Neogene coal measure;2—Lower Cretaceous coal measure;3—Early-Middle Jurassic coal measure;4—Upper Triassic coal measure;5—Carboniferous–Permian coal measure;6—First-level structural boundary;7—Second-level structural boundary;I:Eastern compound deformation zone;II:Western compressional deformation zone;III:Middle transitional deformation zone;NECCA:North East China coal occurrence area;NCCA:North China coal occurrence area;NWCCA:Northwest China coal occurrence Area;SCCA:South China coal occurrence area;YXCA:Yunnan-Xizang China coal occurrence area.
文摘The authors regret“In the whole text,ppm and mg/L was confusing.As in aqueous phase,1 ppm=1 mg/L,but in gaseous phase,1 ppm=0.001%o.In this paper,in text and figures,the concentration units were ppm,but when calculating the adsorption ca-pacity,the concentration units ppm were mistakenly used as mg/L.As for benzene,1 ppm=3.4871 x 10^-3 mg/L,as for toluene。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2020YFA0608702)the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(U23A2019,W2412146,and 42171382)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Research Program of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMHECXTD-03)the Chinese Academy of Sciences“Light of West China”Program。
文摘Mountains cover approximately 24%of the Earth’s land surface,providing crucial sources of the planet’s fresh water and supporting vital ecosystem services.However,under the pressures of climate change and human activities,mountain ecosystems are rapidly transforming,acting as sentinels of global change.1 With the relentless advancement of satellite constellations,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),and ground observation networks,we are entering a new era of stereoscopic Earth observation.Stereoscopic remote sensing combines observations from multi-altitude platforms and technologies like LiDAR and SAR to capture Earth’s information across various layers,altitudes,and depths.This approach enables the acquisition of multi-modal,multi-resolution,multiangle,multi-spectral,andmulti-temporal stereoscopic observation data,promoting a comprehensive understanding of the Earth’s surface and its dynamic processes.However,given the inherently complex three-dimensional(3D)nature of mountains,there is a pressing need for tailored observation methods and specific observation goals to effectively address the distinct challenges posed by these environments.
基金funded by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program Project(Gui Ke AB22035057,AB23026021)2023 Water Conservancy Talent Development Funding Project(Water Conservancy Youth Science and Technology Talent Funding Project,No.JHQB202225)the Jiangxi Provincial Postgraduate Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2023-B132).
文摘Intercropping has emerged as a pivotal strategy in modern ecological agriculture,significantly contributing to biodiversity enhancement,ecological system services and soil quality improvement.In light of global food security challenges and the scarcity of arable land,intercropping is anticipated to become increasingly important for enhancing farmland quality and ensuring food security in China.Current research primarily highlights the benefits of intercropping in improving farmland quality and crop productivity,with some attention also given to its role in promoting biodiversity and ecological system services.However,the mechanisms by which intercropping specifically enhances soil physical,chemical and biological properties to sustain long-term soil health and improve farmland quality require further investigation.This review examines the concept of sugarcane intercropping and its role in promoting soil health and enhancing ecological system services.It systematically synthesizes recent research findings on the effects of sugarcane intercropping on soil physical,chemical and biological properties in southern China.Additionally,this review outlines future research directions and priorities for developing intercropping systems that prioritize farmland quality improvement,aiming to provide insights into the broader value that intercropping in China’s strategies for farmland quality enhancement.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81873944 and 81971869)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.20DZ2200500).
文摘Background: Advances in organoid culture technology have provided a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, which has been rarely studied in sepsis before. We aim to establish a suitable organoids-based intestinal injury model for sepsis.Methods: Stable passaged organoids were constructed and pre-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic sepsis-induced intestinal injury. The LPS-induced sepsis model was used as a reference. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the RNA levels of inflammatory factors and antimicrobial peptides. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the protein levels, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate the pathology of the small intestine of mice, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the intestinal epithelial barrier function. Perkin Elmer OperettaTM was used to obtain high-resolution images of three-dimensional organoids.Results: An LPS concentration >150 μg/mL after 24 h was identified to cause organoid growth restriction. The fluorescence intensity of zonula occludens-1 and occludins at LPS concentrations >100 μg/mL decreased significantly after 24 h. After LPS stimulation for 8 h, the RNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-6, and regenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha, beta, and gamma increased. These results resembled those of intestinal epithelial layer alterations in a mouse sepsis model. For IL-10, the RNA expression level increased only when the LPS level >200 μg/mL for 24 h.Conclusions: This study provides the primary intestinalin vitro model to study the effects of LPS-induced intestinal injury resembling sepsis. This model provides a platform for immune associated mechanism exploration and effective drug screening.
文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus infection continues to be a major health burden worldwide.It can cause various degrees of liver damage and is strongly associated with the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Covalently closed circular DNA in the nucleus of infected cells cannot be disabled by present therapies which may lead to HBV persistence and relapse.In this review,we summarized the current knowledge on hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA and its potential role as a therapeutic target.
