The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively l...The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively little research on its risk mitigation effectiveness in the context of supply chain fluctuations.Based on case studies of commercial law and data statistics,the study explores the relationship between protection efficiency and market response through legal applicability.Due to the long litigation cycle and uneven law enforcement,there are differences in market regulation,weakening the protection of well-known trademarks and exacerbating supply chain uncertainty.Strengthening international legal framework cooperation and promoting law enforcement linkage can enhance protection effectiveness.In theory,enriching the theory of cross-border trademark protection and expanding research on brand rights protection in the context of global supply chains.In practice,it helps enterprises adjust their trademark layout,avoid legal risks,and improve market competitiveness.Due to the complexity of the legal environment and limitations in data acquisition,future research will strengthen data analysis,promote international cooperation in intelligent supervision,and build a more efficient cross-border well-known trademark protection mechanism.展开更多
热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料具有优于交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)的电气和机械性能,有望成为新一代绿色环保的电缆绝缘材料。在电缆结构设计中,保守的安全绝缘厚度使得电缆的生产成本增加,降低绝缘层的击穿电场强度;并...热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料具有优于交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)的电气和机械性能,有望成为新一代绿色环保的电缆绝缘材料。在电缆结构设计中,保守的安全绝缘厚度使得电缆的生产成本增加,降低绝缘层的击穿电场强度;并且在电缆实际运行过程中,绝缘材料往往工作在70~90℃高温环境下;因此针对新型绝缘材料,温度及厚度对其击穿电场强度的影响研究具有工程实际意义。以线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)/高密度聚乙烯(high density polyethylene,HDPE)共混绝缘材料为研究对象,进行不同温度下(30、70、90、105℃)及不同厚度下的工频击穿实验,研究温度和厚度对其交流击穿的影响。测试结果表明:相较于XLPE绝缘材料,70L-30H(即LLDPE与HDPE在配比为7∶3的情况下熔融共混得到的绝缘材料)具有较高的工频击穿电场强度,在低于工况温度环境下,其击穿电场强度的温度稳定性较高;然而70L-30H的工频击穿电场强度受厚度影响程度略高,但在相同厚度下其击穿电场强度仍明显高于XLPE。上述研究可为热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料研发提供参考。展开更多
为了降低直流电缆绝缘材料的电导率,并提升电导率及直流击穿场强的温度稳定性,同时改善绝缘的高温力学性能,文中引入低交联度线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)作为直流电缆绝缘材料。文中对比添加不同含量过氧...为了降低直流电缆绝缘材料的电导率,并提升电导率及直流击穿场强的温度稳定性,同时改善绝缘的高温力学性能,文中引入低交联度线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)作为直流电缆绝缘材料。文中对比添加不同含量过氧化二异丙苯(dicumyl peroxide,DCP)的LLDPE和低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE),通过热延伸、动态热机械测试及拉伸试验分析其力学性能,并测试直流电导率和直流击穿场强。结果表明,DCP质量分数为0.7%~2.0%范围内,交联LLDPE具有更低的热延伸率,DCP质量分数为0.7%即可满足高压直流电缆对交联聚乙烯(crosslinked polyethylene,XLPE)热延伸率的要求。由此结果,结合减少副产物的目的,选出DCP质量分数为0.7%的LLDPE作为传统XLPE(DCP质量分数为2.0%的LDPE)的对比及替代绝缘材料。动态热机械测试(dynamic mechanical analysis,DMA)及拉伸试验验证了DCP质量分数为0.7%的LLDPE比传统XLPE拥有更高的杨氏模量及断裂伸长率;电导率及直流击穿实验表明前者在30~90℃拥有更低的电导率及更优的电导率和直流击穿场强的温度稳定性。由于实际电缆中的交联副产物难以脱尽且分布不均,严重影响电缆长期安全运行,可考虑将DCP质量分数为0.7%的低交联度LLDPE用作直流电缆绝缘材料,从而在满足高温机械性能的同时降低直流电导率并增强电导率的温度稳定性。展开更多
文摘The global supply chain turbulence has increased the difficulty of protecting foreign well-known trademarks.Although there are many studies on cross-border trademark rights protection in academia,there is relatively little research on its risk mitigation effectiveness in the context of supply chain fluctuations.Based on case studies of commercial law and data statistics,the study explores the relationship between protection efficiency and market response through legal applicability.Due to the long litigation cycle and uneven law enforcement,there are differences in market regulation,weakening the protection of well-known trademarks and exacerbating supply chain uncertainty.Strengthening international legal framework cooperation and promoting law enforcement linkage can enhance protection effectiveness.In theory,enriching the theory of cross-border trademark protection and expanding research on brand rights protection in the context of global supply chains.In practice,it helps enterprises adjust their trademark layout,avoid legal risks,and improve market competitiveness.Due to the complexity of the legal environment and limitations in data acquisition,future research will strengthen data analysis,promote international cooperation in intelligent supervision,and build a more efficient cross-border well-known trademark protection mechanism.
文摘热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料具有优于交联聚乙烯(cross-linked polyethylene,XLPE)的电气和机械性能,有望成为新一代绿色环保的电缆绝缘材料。在电缆结构设计中,保守的安全绝缘厚度使得电缆的生产成本增加,降低绝缘层的击穿电场强度;并且在电缆实际运行过程中,绝缘材料往往工作在70~90℃高温环境下;因此针对新型绝缘材料,温度及厚度对其击穿电场强度的影响研究具有工程实际意义。以线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)/高密度聚乙烯(high density polyethylene,HDPE)共混绝缘材料为研究对象,进行不同温度下(30、70、90、105℃)及不同厚度下的工频击穿实验,研究温度和厚度对其交流击穿的影响。测试结果表明:相较于XLPE绝缘材料,70L-30H(即LLDPE与HDPE在配比为7∶3的情况下熔融共混得到的绝缘材料)具有较高的工频击穿电场强度,在低于工况温度环境下,其击穿电场强度的温度稳定性较高;然而70L-30H的工频击穿电场强度受厚度影响程度略高,但在相同厚度下其击穿电场强度仍明显高于XLPE。上述研究可为热塑性聚乙烯基电缆绝缘材料研发提供参考。
文摘为了降低直流电缆绝缘材料的电导率,并提升电导率及直流击穿场强的温度稳定性,同时改善绝缘的高温力学性能,文中引入低交联度线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)作为直流电缆绝缘材料。文中对比添加不同含量过氧化二异丙苯(dicumyl peroxide,DCP)的LLDPE和低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene,LDPE),通过热延伸、动态热机械测试及拉伸试验分析其力学性能,并测试直流电导率和直流击穿场强。结果表明,DCP质量分数为0.7%~2.0%范围内,交联LLDPE具有更低的热延伸率,DCP质量分数为0.7%即可满足高压直流电缆对交联聚乙烯(crosslinked polyethylene,XLPE)热延伸率的要求。由此结果,结合减少副产物的目的,选出DCP质量分数为0.7%的LLDPE作为传统XLPE(DCP质量分数为2.0%的LDPE)的对比及替代绝缘材料。动态热机械测试(dynamic mechanical analysis,DMA)及拉伸试验验证了DCP质量分数为0.7%的LLDPE比传统XLPE拥有更高的杨氏模量及断裂伸长率;电导率及直流击穿实验表明前者在30~90℃拥有更低的电导率及更优的电导率和直流击穿场强的温度稳定性。由于实际电缆中的交联副产物难以脱尽且分布不均,严重影响电缆长期安全运行,可考虑将DCP质量分数为0.7%的低交联度LLDPE用作直流电缆绝缘材料,从而在满足高温机械性能的同时降低直流电导率并增强电导率的温度稳定性。
