Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are important for plant growth,development and defense responses.The S-receptor protein kinases(SRKs),which represent an RLK subfamily,control the selfincompatibility among Brassica species....Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are important for plant growth,development and defense responses.The S-receptor protein kinases(SRKs),which represent an RLK subfamily,control the selfincompatibility among Brassica species.However,little information is available regarding SRK functions in rice.We identified a gene OsSRK1 encoding an atypical SRK.The transcript of OsSRK1 was induced by abscisic acid(ABA),salt and polyethylene glycol.OsSRK1 localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm.Leaf width was increased in OsSRK1-overexpression(OsSRK1-OX)transgenic rice plants,likely because of an increase in cell number per leaf.Furthermore,the expression levels of OsCYCA3-1 and OsCYCD2-1,which encode positive regulators of cell division,were up-regulated in leaf primordium of OsSRK1-OX rice plants relative to those in wild type.Meanwhile,the expression level of OsKRP1,which encodes cell cycle inhibitor,was down-regulated in the OsSRK1-OX plants.Therefore,it is deduced that OsSRK1 regulates leaf width by promoting cell division in the leaf primordium.Additionally,OsSRK1-OX plants exhibited enhanced ABA sensitivity and salt tolerance compared with wild type.These results suggest that OsSRK1 plays important roles in leaf development and salt responses in rice.展开更多
The production efficiency of shale gas is affected by the interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures.This study presents a simulation of natural fractures in shale reservoirs,based on a discrete fracture netw...The production efficiency of shale gas is affected by the interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures.This study presents a simulation of natural fractures in shale reservoirs,based on a discrete fracture network(DFN)method for hydraulic fracturing engineering.Fracture properties of the model are calculated from core fracture data,according to statistical mathematical analysis.The calculation results make full use of the quantitative information of core fracture orientation,density,opening and length,which constitute the direct and extensive data of mining engineering.The reliability and applicability of the model are analyzed with regard to model size and density,a calculation method for dominant size and density being proposed.Then,finite element analysis is applied to a hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation of a shale fractured reservoir in southeastern Chongqing.The hydraulic pressure distribution,fracture propagation,acoustic emission information and in situ stress changes during fracturing are analyzed.The results show the application of fracture statistics in fracture modeling and the influence of fracture distribution on hydraulic fracturing engineering.The present analysis may provide a reference for shale gas exploitation.展开更多
在电力系统能源快速转型的背景下,高比例可再生能源和多元负荷的接入加剧了电网运行场景的复杂性,源-荷-环境间多影响因素的深度耦合增加了运行场景特征提取难度。针对上述问题,提出一种综合考虑复杂环境耦合和多维时序特征的风-光-荷...在电力系统能源快速转型的背景下,高比例可再生能源和多元负荷的接入加剧了电网运行场景的复杂性,源-荷-环境间多影响因素的深度耦合增加了运行场景特征提取难度。针对上述问题,提出一种综合考虑复杂环境耦合和多维时序特征的风-光-荷场景生成方法。首先,考虑到风-光-荷的强时序耦合与非线性特性,采用双向门控循环单元(bidirectional gated recurrent unit,Bi-GRU)对环境因素和风-光-荷数据的初始特征进行提取,并通过误差迭代技术优化特征向量。其次,为精确捕捉风-光-荷及其环境因素之间的概率依赖关系,将提取的初始特征作为输入,并基于条件变分自编码器(conditional variational auto encoder,CVAE)构建风-光-荷场景生成模型。然后,针对风-光-荷功率曲线的时间序列非等长问题,采用动态时间规整(dynamic time warping,DTW)算法对生成的风-光-荷场景进行约简,确保最终生成的风-光-荷场景具有时序一致性。最后,基于中国某地区实测的风-光-荷数据,对所提方法进行验证。结果表明,该方法能够生成更加接近实际情况的风-光-荷联合场景。展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from Excellent Middle-Aged and Youth Scientist Award Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.BS2014SW029)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2016CB17 and ZR2018ZC08N2)Shandong Major Agricultural Applied Technological Innovation Projects(Grant No.2017.04-2020.04)in China.
文摘Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are important for plant growth,development and defense responses.The S-receptor protein kinases(SRKs),which represent an RLK subfamily,control the selfincompatibility among Brassica species.However,little information is available regarding SRK functions in rice.We identified a gene OsSRK1 encoding an atypical SRK.The transcript of OsSRK1 was induced by abscisic acid(ABA),salt and polyethylene glycol.OsSRK1 localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm.Leaf width was increased in OsSRK1-overexpression(OsSRK1-OX)transgenic rice plants,likely because of an increase in cell number per leaf.Furthermore,the expression levels of OsCYCA3-1 and OsCYCD2-1,which encode positive regulators of cell division,were up-regulated in leaf primordium of OsSRK1-OX rice plants relative to those in wild type.Meanwhile,the expression level of OsKRP1,which encodes cell cycle inhibitor,was down-regulated in the OsSRK1-OX plants.Therefore,it is deduced that OsSRK1 regulates leaf width by promoting cell division in the leaf primordium.Additionally,OsSRK1-OX plants exhibited enhanced ABA sensitivity and salt tolerance compared with wild type.These results suggest that OsSRK1 plays important roles in leaf development and salt responses in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11872118,11627901)。
文摘The production efficiency of shale gas is affected by the interaction between hydraulic and natural fractures.This study presents a simulation of natural fractures in shale reservoirs,based on a discrete fracture network(DFN)method for hydraulic fracturing engineering.Fracture properties of the model are calculated from core fracture data,according to statistical mathematical analysis.The calculation results make full use of the quantitative information of core fracture orientation,density,opening and length,which constitute the direct and extensive data of mining engineering.The reliability and applicability of the model are analyzed with regard to model size and density,a calculation method for dominant size and density being proposed.Then,finite element analysis is applied to a hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation of a shale fractured reservoir in southeastern Chongqing.The hydraulic pressure distribution,fracture propagation,acoustic emission information and in situ stress changes during fracturing are analyzed.The results show the application of fracture statistics in fracture modeling and the influence of fracture distribution on hydraulic fracturing engineering.The present analysis may provide a reference for shale gas exploitation.
文摘在电力系统能源快速转型的背景下,高比例可再生能源和多元负荷的接入加剧了电网运行场景的复杂性,源-荷-环境间多影响因素的深度耦合增加了运行场景特征提取难度。针对上述问题,提出一种综合考虑复杂环境耦合和多维时序特征的风-光-荷场景生成方法。首先,考虑到风-光-荷的强时序耦合与非线性特性,采用双向门控循环单元(bidirectional gated recurrent unit,Bi-GRU)对环境因素和风-光-荷数据的初始特征进行提取,并通过误差迭代技术优化特征向量。其次,为精确捕捉风-光-荷及其环境因素之间的概率依赖关系,将提取的初始特征作为输入,并基于条件变分自编码器(conditional variational auto encoder,CVAE)构建风-光-荷场景生成模型。然后,针对风-光-荷功率曲线的时间序列非等长问题,采用动态时间规整(dynamic time warping,DTW)算法对生成的风-光-荷场景进行约简,确保最终生成的风-光-荷场景具有时序一致性。最后,基于中国某地区实测的风-光-荷数据,对所提方法进行验证。结果表明,该方法能够生成更加接近实际情况的风-光-荷联合场景。
