Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5(ERA5)reanalysis data,this study investigated the reconstruction effects of various climate variabilities on surface wind speed in China from 1979 ...Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5(ERA5)reanalysis data,this study investigated the reconstruction effects of various climate variabilities on surface wind speed in China from 1979 to 2022.The results indicated that the reconstructed annual mean wind speed and the standard deviation of the annual mean wind speed,utilizing various climate variability indices,exhibited similar spatial modes to the reanalysis data,with spatial correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.94,respectively.In the reconstruction of six major wind power installed capacity provinces/autonomous regions in China,the effects were notably good for Hebei and Shanxi provinces,with the correlation coefficients for the interannual regional average wind speed time series being 0.65 and 0.64,respectively.The reconstruction effects of surface wind speed differed across seasons,with spring and summer reconstructions showing the highest correlation with reanalysis data.The correlation coefficients for all seasons across most regions in China ranged between 0.4 and 0.8.Among the reconstructed seasonal wind speeds for the six provinces/autonomous regions,Shanxi Province in spring exhibited the highest correlation with the reanalysis,with a coefficient of 0.61.The large-scale climate variability indices showed good reconstruction effects on the annual mean wind speed in China,and could explain the interannual variability trends of surface wind speed in most regions of China,particularly in the main wind energy provinces/autonomous regions.展开更多
The sea-level anomaly （SLA） from a satellite altimeter has a high accuracy and can be used to improve ocean state estimation by assimilation techniques. However, the lack of an accurate mean dynamic topography （MDT...The sea-level anomaly （SLA） from a satellite altimeter has a high accuracy and can be used to improve ocean state estimation by assimilation techniques. However, the lack of an accurate mean dynamic topography （MDT） is still a bothersome issue in an ocean data assimilation. The previous studies showed that the errors in MDT have significant impacts on assimilation results, especially on the time-mean components of ocean states and on the time variant parts of states via nonlinear ocean dynamics. The temporal-spatial differences of three MDTs and their impacts on the SLA analysis are focused on in the South China Sea （SCS）. The theoretical analysis shows that even for linear models, the errors in MDT have impacts on the SLA analysis using a sequential data assimilation scheme. Assimilation experiments, based on EnOI scheme and HYCOM, with three MDTs from July 2003 to June 2004 also show that the SLA assimilation is very sensitive to the choice of different MDTs in the SCS with obvious differences between the experimental results and observations in the centre of the SCS and in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands. A new MDT for assimilation of SLA data in the SCS was proposed. The results from the assimilation experiment with this new MDT show a marked reduction （increase） in the RMSEs （correlation coefficient） between the experimental and observed SLA. Furthermore, the subsurface temperature field is also improved with this new MDT in the SCS.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176243)。
文摘Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5(ERA5)reanalysis data,this study investigated the reconstruction effects of various climate variabilities on surface wind speed in China from 1979 to 2022.The results indicated that the reconstructed annual mean wind speed and the standard deviation of the annual mean wind speed,utilizing various climate variability indices,exhibited similar spatial modes to the reanalysis data,with spatial correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.94,respectively.In the reconstruction of six major wind power installed capacity provinces/autonomous regions in China,the effects were notably good for Hebei and Shanxi provinces,with the correlation coefficients for the interannual regional average wind speed time series being 0.65 and 0.64,respectively.The reconstruction effects of surface wind speed differed across seasons,with spring and summer reconstructions showing the highest correlation with reanalysis data.The correlation coefficients for all seasons across most regions in China ranged between 0.4 and 0.8.Among the reconstructed seasonal wind speeds for the six provinces/autonomous regions,Shanxi Province in spring exhibited the highest correlation with the reanalysis,with a coefficient of 0.61.The large-scale climate variability indices showed good reconstruction effects on the annual mean wind speed in China,and could explain the interannual variability trends of surface wind speed in most regions of China,particularly in the main wind energy provinces/autonomous regions.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China under contract Nos 2012CB417404 and 2011CB403504the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41075064the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2008AA09A404-3
文摘The sea-level anomaly （SLA） from a satellite altimeter has a high accuracy and can be used to improve ocean state estimation by assimilation techniques. However, the lack of an accurate mean dynamic topography （MDT） is still a bothersome issue in an ocean data assimilation. The previous studies showed that the errors in MDT have significant impacts on assimilation results, especially on the time-mean components of ocean states and on the time variant parts of states via nonlinear ocean dynamics. The temporal-spatial differences of three MDTs and their impacts on the SLA analysis are focused on in the South China Sea （SCS）. The theoretical analysis shows that even for linear models, the errors in MDT have impacts on the SLA analysis using a sequential data assimilation scheme. Assimilation experiments, based on EnOI scheme and HYCOM, with three MDTs from July 2003 to June 2004 also show that the SLA assimilation is very sensitive to the choice of different MDTs in the SCS with obvious differences between the experimental results and observations in the centre of the SCS and in the vicinity of the Philippine Islands. A new MDT for assimilation of SLA data in the SCS was proposed. The results from the assimilation experiment with this new MDT show a marked reduction （increase） in the RMSEs （correlation coefficient） between the experimental and observed SLA. Furthermore, the subsurface temperature field is also improved with this new MDT in the SCS.
