A series of Ni/ZSM-5 containing a small amount of Ni was prepared by an ion exchanged method.The impact of the n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3))ratio on the catalytic activity was studied using the samples 0.09Ni/ZSM-5(60)and...A series of Ni/ZSM-5 containing a small amount of Ni was prepared by an ion exchanged method.The impact of the n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3))ratio on the catalytic activity was studied using the samples 0.09Ni/ZSM-5(60)and 0.09Ni/ZSM-5(130).To determine the interaction between the Ni species and acid sites on the surface of the catalyst,the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and UV-vis spectroscopy.The performance of the catalysts for the catalytic oligomerization of 1-hexene was investigated in detail.The nickel species were found to be uniformly distributed in all the catalysts.It was discovered that the oligomerization activity of the catalyst can be improved using Ni species;however,the contribution of Brønsted acids in oligomerization reactions is greater than that of Ni sites and Lewis acids.展开更多
针对线控转向(steering-by-wire,SBW)车辆路径跟踪的工况适应性问题,根据车辆在中低速和高速工况下的运动状态差异,提出了一种考虑车辆状态估计的横向分层控制策略。首先,为提供可靠的状态量,设计状态估计方法;随后,为提升工况适应性,...针对线控转向(steering-by-wire,SBW)车辆路径跟踪的工况适应性问题,根据车辆在中低速和高速工况下的运动状态差异,提出了一种考虑车辆状态估计的横向分层控制策略。首先,为提供可靠的状态量,设计状态估计方法;随后,为提升工况适应性,在上层设计低速DM-LQR控制器(Double model LQR controller)和高速模糊PID控制器,并在下层考虑线控转向系统的动力学特性;然后,使用模糊权重控制器进行控制方法的选择;最后,基于CarSim-Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台对所设计的分层控制策略进行验证,仿真结果表明该控制策略在不同工况下都具有较高的控制精度。展开更多
基金Financial support was obtained from the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular&Process Engineering(24-ZC0607-0099)the Natural Science Foundation of China(21706177 and 22378293).
文摘A series of Ni/ZSM-5 containing a small amount of Ni was prepared by an ion exchanged method.The impact of the n(SiO_(2))/n(Al_(2)O_(3))ratio on the catalytic activity was studied using the samples 0.09Ni/ZSM-5(60)and 0.09Ni/ZSM-5(130).To determine the interaction between the Ni species and acid sites on the surface of the catalyst,the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and UV-vis spectroscopy.The performance of the catalysts for the catalytic oligomerization of 1-hexene was investigated in detail.The nickel species were found to be uniformly distributed in all the catalysts.It was discovered that the oligomerization activity of the catalyst can be improved using Ni species;however,the contribution of Brønsted acids in oligomerization reactions is greater than that of Ni sites and Lewis acids.
文摘针对线控转向(steering-by-wire,SBW)车辆路径跟踪的工况适应性问题,根据车辆在中低速和高速工况下的运动状态差异,提出了一种考虑车辆状态估计的横向分层控制策略。首先,为提供可靠的状态量,设计状态估计方法;随后,为提升工况适应性,在上层设计低速DM-LQR控制器(Double model LQR controller)和高速模糊PID控制器,并在下层考虑线控转向系统的动力学特性;然后,使用模糊权重控制器进行控制方法的选择;最后,基于CarSim-Matlab/Simulink联合仿真平台对所设计的分层控制策略进行验证,仿真结果表明该控制策略在不同工况下都具有较高的控制精度。
