为探究灌溉方式、灌溉水平和品种对玉米水分利用效率及产量的定量影响,基于中国知网及Web of Science,以“玉米”、“滴灌”、“水分利用效率/产量”等为主题检索词,检索到2000-01-01—2020-12-31发表的110篇文献,并根据已定筛选标准,...为探究灌溉方式、灌溉水平和品种对玉米水分利用效率及产量的定量影响,基于中国知网及Web of Science,以“玉米”、“滴灌”、“水分利用效率/产量”等为主题检索词,检索到2000-01-01—2020-12-31发表的110篇文献,并根据已定筛选标准,最终纳入21篇文献的94组相关数据进行Meta-Analysis。结果表明:1)以灌溉量为40%~60%的作物需水量(ET_(c))为对照,与60%~80%、100%~120%和120%~140%的ET_(c)相比,灌溉量为80%~100%ET_(c)时,玉米水分利用效率的效应值最高,标准均值差SMD=2.83(P<0.05),产量的效应值也较高,SMD=1.70(P>0.05);2)灌溉量在80%~100%ET_(c)的水平下,以滴灌为对照,畦灌、沟灌和漫灌的玉米水分利用效率的合并效应值SMD=-4.55(P<0.05),产量的合并效应值SMD=-1.34(P<0.05);3)灌溉量在80%~100%ET_(c)的水平下,以‘郑单958’为对照,与‘西蒙6号’、‘沈单10号’、‘秋乐126’和‘农华101’相比,种植‘京科958’的玉米水分利用效率的效应值最高,SMD=4.53(P<0.05),产量的效应值也最高,SMD=6.70(P<0.05)。因此,建议在灌溉区域采用滴灌灌溉方式,能够增产节水。水分利用效率能提高45.5%,产量能提高13.4%。同时使滴灌水平控制在80%~100%ET_(c)下,节水增产的效果更优。展开更多
Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Fie...Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield（WP_（Y-ET）） and final biomass（WP_（B-ET）） of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels（70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity） combined with three N rates（500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm^2） were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm^2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_（Y-ET） was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_（B-ET） stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm^2 on the WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET）, however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm^2, the values of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield（Y） and final biomass（B）. Partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP_N） was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） in both years（2013 and 2014）. Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration（ET）, but ET did not vary with different N rates（100–500 kg N/hm^2）. Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET（R^2=0.8588） was much better than that between Y and ET（R^2=0.6062）. When ET increased, WP_（Y-ET） linearly increased and WP_（B-ET） decreased. Taking the indices of Y, B, WP_（Y-ET）, WP_（B-ET） and PFP_N into account, a higher irrigation level（70%–65% of the field capacity） and a lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） are recommended to be a proper irrigation and N application strategy for plastic film-mulched hybrid maize seed production in arid Northwest China.展开更多
文摘为探究灌溉方式、灌溉水平和品种对玉米水分利用效率及产量的定量影响,基于中国知网及Web of Science,以“玉米”、“滴灌”、“水分利用效率/产量”等为主题检索词,检索到2000-01-01—2020-12-31发表的110篇文献,并根据已定筛选标准,最终纳入21篇文献的94组相关数据进行Meta-Analysis。结果表明:1)以灌溉量为40%~60%的作物需水量(ET_(c))为对照,与60%~80%、100%~120%和120%~140%的ET_(c)相比,灌溉量为80%~100%ET_(c)时,玉米水分利用效率的效应值最高,标准均值差SMD=2.83(P<0.05),产量的效应值也较高,SMD=1.70(P>0.05);2)灌溉量在80%~100%ET_(c)的水平下,以滴灌为对照,畦灌、沟灌和漫灌的玉米水分利用效率的合并效应值SMD=-4.55(P<0.05),产量的合并效应值SMD=-1.34(P<0.05);3)灌溉量在80%~100%ET_(c)的水平下,以‘郑单958’为对照,与‘西蒙6号’、‘沈单10号’、‘秋乐126’和‘农华101’相比,种植‘京科958’的玉米水分利用效率的效应值最高,SMD=4.53(P<0.05),产量的效应值也最高,SMD=6.70(P<0.05)。因此,建议在灌溉区域采用滴灌灌溉方式,能够增产节水。水分利用效率能提高45.5%,产量能提高13.4%。同时使滴灌水平控制在80%~100%ET_(c)下,节水增产的效果更优。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51621061, 91425302, 51379208)the Research Projects of the Agricultural Public Welfare Industry in China (201503125)the Discipline Innovative Engineering Plan (111 Program, B14002)
文摘Water and nitrogen（N） are generally two of the most important factors in determining the crop productivity. Proper water and N managements are prerequisites for agriculture sustainable development in arid areas. Field experiments were conducted to study the responses of water productivity for crop yield（WP_（Y-ET）） and final biomass（WP_（B-ET）） of film-mulched hybrid maize seed production to different irrigation and N treatments in the Hexi Corridor, Northwest China during April to September in 2013 and also during April to September in 2014. Three irrigation levels（70%–65%, 60%–55%, and 50%–45% of the field capacity） combined with three N rates（500, 400, and 300 kg N/hm^2） were tested in 2013. The N treatments were adjusted to 500, 300, and 100 kg N/hm^2 in 2014. Results showed that the responses of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） to different irrigation amounts were different. WP_（Y-ET） was significantly reduced by lowering irrigation amounts while WP_（B-ET） stayed relatively insensitive to irrigation amounts. However, WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） behaved consistently when subjected to different N treatments. There was a slight effect of reducing N input from 500 to 300 kg/hm^2 on the WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET）, however, when reducing N input to 100 kg/hm^2, the values of WP_（Y-ET） and WP_（B-ET） were significantly reduced. Water is the primary factor and N is the secondary factor in determining both yield（Y） and final biomass（B）. Partial factor productivity from applied N（PFP_N） was the maximum under the higher irrigation level and in lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） in both years（2013 and 2014）. Lowering the irrigation amount significantly reduced evapotranspiration（ET）, but ET did not vary with different N rates（100–500 kg N/hm^2）. Both Y and B had robust linear relationships with ET, but the correlation between B and ET（R^2=0.8588） was much better than that between Y and ET（R^2=0.6062）. When ET increased, WP_（Y-ET） linearly increased and WP_（B-ET） decreased. Taking the indices of Y, B, WP_（Y-ET）, WP_（B-ET） and PFP_N into account, a higher irrigation level（70%–65% of the field capacity） and a lower N rate（100–300 kg N/hm^2） are recommended to be a proper irrigation and N application strategy for plastic film-mulched hybrid maize seed production in arid Northwest China.
