According to the Fick＇s second law of diffusion, six analytical solutions of chloride profile in concrete were studied and discussed with regard to different boundary and initial conditions. In those analytical solut...According to the Fick＇s second law of diffusion, six analytical solutions of chloride profile in concrete were studied and discussed with regard to different boundary and initial conditions. In those analytical solutions, the most prevailing error-function solution which is based on semi-infinite assumption is the simple one, but may under-estimate the chloride content in concrete and over-rate the life time prediction of concrete structures. The experimental results show that compared with other solutions, the chloride content in concrete predicted by error-function model is the minimum, and the calculation difference produced by different analytical models should not be ignored. The influence of models on chloride content prediction is more than other environment and material coefficients in some time. In order to get a more realistic prediction model, modification to error-function model is suggested based on analysis and calculation examples concerning the boundary and edge effect.展开更多
目的 评价2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种含无细胞百白破成分疫苗的安全性,以期为后续预防接种工作中疫苗的安全使用提供参考。方法 通过吉林省免疫规划信息管理系统和国家免疫规划信息管理系统疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event fol...目的 评价2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种含无细胞百白破成分疫苗的安全性,以期为后续预防接种工作中疫苗的安全使用提供参考。方法 通过吉林省免疫规划信息管理系统和国家免疫规划信息管理系统疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)功能管理模块,收集2020年1月1日—2022年12月31日吉林省适龄儿童接种吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine,DTaP)、无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b combined vaccine,DTaP-Hib)和无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗[diphtheria,tetanus,pertussis(acellular,component),poliomyelitis(inactivated)vaccine and Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine,adsorbed,DTaP-IPV/Hib]后发生AEFI的个案报告信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,并应用统计学方法比较组间差异。结果 2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种DTaP、DTaP-Hib和DTaP-IPV/Hib共1 301 812剂次,共计报告AEFI个案3 132例(240.59/10万剂次),其中一般反应3 122例(99.68%,239.82/10万剂次),异常反应7例(0.22%,0.54/10万剂次),偶合症3例(0.1%,0.23/10万剂次)。3种含DTaP成分疫苗的AEFI报告发生率分别为257.00/10万剂次(3 025例)、175.61/10万剂次(34例)、69.26/10万剂次(73例),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=145.53,P<0.001);3种含DTaP成分疫苗加强免疫AEFI报告发生率高于基础免疫,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为254.98、18.03、20.39,P均<0.05);报告的AEFI病例以一般反应为主,包括发热、局部红肿、局部硬结等,主要发生于接种疫苗后0~1 d内。结论 2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种DTaP、DTaP-Hib和DTaP-IPV/Hib的AEFI以一般反应为主,总体安全性良好。建议持续加强接种后AEFI监测,并优化被动监测系统以减少漏报偏倚。展开更多
基金Funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2011BAG07B04)
文摘According to the Fick＇s second law of diffusion, six analytical solutions of chloride profile in concrete were studied and discussed with regard to different boundary and initial conditions. In those analytical solutions, the most prevailing error-function solution which is based on semi-infinite assumption is the simple one, but may under-estimate the chloride content in concrete and over-rate the life time prediction of concrete structures. The experimental results show that compared with other solutions, the chloride content in concrete predicted by error-function model is the minimum, and the calculation difference produced by different analytical models should not be ignored. The influence of models on chloride content prediction is more than other environment and material coefficients in some time. In order to get a more realistic prediction model, modification to error-function model is suggested based on analysis and calculation examples concerning the boundary and edge effect.
文摘目的 评价2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种含无细胞百白破成分疫苗的安全性,以期为后续预防接种工作中疫苗的安全使用提供参考。方法 通过吉林省免疫规划信息管理系统和国家免疫规划信息管理系统疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)功能管理模块,收集2020年1月1日—2022年12月31日吉林省适龄儿童接种吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis combined vaccine,DTaP)、无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(diphtheria,tetanus,acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b combined vaccine,DTaP-Hib)和无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗[diphtheria,tetanus,pertussis(acellular,component),poliomyelitis(inactivated)vaccine and Haemophilus type b conjugate vaccine,adsorbed,DTaP-IPV/Hib]后发生AEFI的个案报告信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,并应用统计学方法比较组间差异。结果 2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种DTaP、DTaP-Hib和DTaP-IPV/Hib共1 301 812剂次,共计报告AEFI个案3 132例(240.59/10万剂次),其中一般反应3 122例(99.68%,239.82/10万剂次),异常反应7例(0.22%,0.54/10万剂次),偶合症3例(0.1%,0.23/10万剂次)。3种含DTaP成分疫苗的AEFI报告发生率分别为257.00/10万剂次(3 025例)、175.61/10万剂次(34例)、69.26/10万剂次(73例),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=145.53,P<0.001);3种含DTaP成分疫苗加强免疫AEFI报告发生率高于基础免疫,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为254.98、18.03、20.39,P均<0.05);报告的AEFI病例以一般反应为主,包括发热、局部红肿、局部硬结等,主要发生于接种疫苗后0~1 d内。结论 2020—2022年吉林省适龄儿童接种DTaP、DTaP-Hib和DTaP-IPV/Hib的AEFI以一般反应为主,总体安全性良好。建议持续加强接种后AEFI监测,并优化被动监测系统以减少漏报偏倚。
