Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important marine economic species in Asian countries due to its profound nutritional and medicinal value. So far, with the rapid development of intensifi ed artifi cial aquacu...Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important marine economic species in Asian countries due to its profound nutritional and medicinal value. So far, with the rapid development of intensifi ed artifi cial aquaculture of sea cucumbers, the use of antibiotics is still an inexpensive and dispensable way to treat pathogenic infections, especially during the nursery phase. However, there is little information on the eff ects of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumber. Therefore an Illumina based sequencing method was used to examine the intestinal bacterial composition of juvenile A . japonicas following diets with three typical antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin, and norfl oxacin) under 15, 30, and 45 d. The fi ndings reveal that diff erent antibiotics have distinct eff ects on the growth performance of juvenile sea cucumbers. However, the richness and diversity of microbiota were barely aff ected by antibiotics but the community composition alterations indicated that the three antibiotics exhibited their respective patterns of reshaping the intestinal bacteria of juvenile sea cucumbers. In common, the abundance of some sensitive genera with helpful functions, such as Thalassotalea , Shewanella , Sulfi tobacter , and Halomonas decreased signifi cantly with exposure to antibiotics and the abundance of multiple potential pathogenic- and suspected antibiotic-resistant microorganisms like Arcobacter , Leucothrix , and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was found increased signifi cantly in the antibiotic groups. These results suggest that low doses of antibiotics could aff ect the composition of the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers and might increase the risk of infection of the hosts. This study could help us to explore how antibacterial compounds modify the gut microbiota of sea cucumbers and provide theoretical guidance in hatchery management by scientifi c antibiotic use in sea cucumber mariculture.展开更多
【目的】探究在不同异质养分环境下,福建柏[Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn)Henry et Thomas]不同家系幼苗叶片光合特性和酶活性差异及变化趋势,为福建柏新品种培育提供理论依据和数据支持。【方法】以福建柏9个1年生家系(454,464,467,474,490...【目的】探究在不同异质养分环境下,福建柏[Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn)Henry et Thomas]不同家系幼苗叶片光合特性和酶活性差异及变化趋势,为福建柏新品种培育提供理论依据和数据支持。【方法】以福建柏9个1年生家系(454,464,467,474,490,493,500,534,541)幼苗为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)3种不同异质养分环境,以同质养分环境为对照,研究福建柏各家系幼苗叶片的光合特性、荧光参数及酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量对不同养分斑块的响应差异。在此基础上,计算不同家系福建柏幼苗叶片光合特性、荧光参数及酶活性和MDA含量的表型可塑性指数。【结果】(1)N、P异质斑块下,福建柏幼苗叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))均高于同质养分斑块和K异质斑块,493家系在N异质斑块、541家系在P异质斑块中的P_(n)均最高。K异质斑块和同质养分斑块下,福建柏幼苗叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))明显高于N、P异质斑块,N异质斑块下大部分福建柏家系幼苗叶片WUE较高。(2)在N异质斑块中,不同家系福建柏幼苗叶片的初始荧光值(F_(o))和PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_(v)/F_(m))均较高,PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)呈极显著正相关,N、P异质斑块中各家系Yield和ETR均较高。各斑块下福建柏家系PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_(v)/F_(o))无明显的变化规律,同一家系的F_(v)/F_(o)峰值在各种斑块间差异较大,其中500家系的F_(v)/F_(o)在各斑块之间差异显著,534家系的F_(v)/F_(o)在各斑块间无显著差异。(3)在P异质斑块中不同家系福建柏幼苗叶片POD活性均最高,在N异质斑块中大部分家系幼苗叶片POD活性较同质养分斑块有一定提升,在K异质斑块下福建柏家系幼苗叶片POD活性较同质养分斑块无明显规律。N、P异质斑块中,各家系福建柏幼苗叶片SOD和CAT活性均高于同质养分斑块,K异质斑块中POD、SOD和CAT 3种酶活性与同质养分斑块差异不大。N、P异质斑块中,福建柏幼苗叶片MDA含量均明显低于同质养分斑块,而K异质斑块中MDA含量则明显高于N、P异质斑块。(4)福建柏家系幼苗叶片荧光参数的表型可塑性指数均值最低,为0.29,光合特性的表型可塑性指数均值为0.52,而酶活性和MDA含量的表型可塑性指数均值为0.57。光合生理整体表型可塑性指数最高的是464家系,最低的是490家系。【结论】福建柏各家系幼苗叶片对N、P异质环境表现出较好的适应性,K异质环境对福建柏幼苗叶片光合作用强度和酶活性有一定的抑制作用;9个家系中,464家系具有较高的光合生理可塑性。展开更多
基金Supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2017BD026)the Yantai University Doctoral Start-up Foundation(No.HX15B14)the Demonstration Project on Innovative Development of Marine Economy Foundation(No:YHCX-SW-P-201701)
文摘Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an important marine economic species in Asian countries due to its profound nutritional and medicinal value. So far, with the rapid development of intensifi ed artifi cial aquaculture of sea cucumbers, the use of antibiotics is still an inexpensive and dispensable way to treat pathogenic infections, especially during the nursery phase. However, there is little information on the eff ects of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumber. Therefore an Illumina based sequencing method was used to examine the intestinal bacterial composition of juvenile A . japonicas following diets with three typical antibiotics (tetracycline, erythromycin, and norfl oxacin) under 15, 30, and 45 d. The fi ndings reveal that diff erent antibiotics have distinct eff ects on the growth performance of juvenile sea cucumbers. However, the richness and diversity of microbiota were barely aff ected by antibiotics but the community composition alterations indicated that the three antibiotics exhibited their respective patterns of reshaping the intestinal bacteria of juvenile sea cucumbers. In common, the abundance of some sensitive genera with helpful functions, such as Thalassotalea , Shewanella , Sulfi tobacter , and Halomonas decreased signifi cantly with exposure to antibiotics and the abundance of multiple potential pathogenic- and suspected antibiotic-resistant microorganisms like Arcobacter , Leucothrix , and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was found increased signifi cantly in the antibiotic groups. These results suggest that low doses of antibiotics could aff ect the composition of the intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers and might increase the risk of infection of the hosts. This study could help us to explore how antibacterial compounds modify the gut microbiota of sea cucumbers and provide theoretical guidance in hatchery management by scientifi c antibiotic use in sea cucumber mariculture.
文摘【目的】探究在不同异质养分环境下,福建柏[Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn)Henry et Thomas]不同家系幼苗叶片光合特性和酶活性差异及变化趋势,为福建柏新品种培育提供理论依据和数据支持。【方法】以福建柏9个1年生家系(454,464,467,474,490,493,500,534,541)幼苗为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,设置氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)3种不同异质养分环境,以同质养分环境为对照,研究福建柏各家系幼苗叶片的光合特性、荧光参数及酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量对不同养分斑块的响应差异。在此基础上,计算不同家系福建柏幼苗叶片光合特性、荧光参数及酶活性和MDA含量的表型可塑性指数。【结果】(1)N、P异质斑块下,福建柏幼苗叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))均高于同质养分斑块和K异质斑块,493家系在N异质斑块、541家系在P异质斑块中的P_(n)均最高。K异质斑块和同质养分斑块下,福建柏幼苗叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))明显高于N、P异质斑块,N异质斑块下大部分福建柏家系幼苗叶片WUE较高。(2)在N异质斑块中,不同家系福建柏幼苗叶片的初始荧光值(F_(o))和PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_(v)/F_(m))均较高,PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)呈极显著正相关,N、P异质斑块中各家系Yield和ETR均较高。各斑块下福建柏家系PSⅡ的潜在活性(F_(v)/F_(o))无明显的变化规律,同一家系的F_(v)/F_(o)峰值在各种斑块间差异较大,其中500家系的F_(v)/F_(o)在各斑块之间差异显著,534家系的F_(v)/F_(o)在各斑块间无显著差异。(3)在P异质斑块中不同家系福建柏幼苗叶片POD活性均最高,在N异质斑块中大部分家系幼苗叶片POD活性较同质养分斑块有一定提升,在K异质斑块下福建柏家系幼苗叶片POD活性较同质养分斑块无明显规律。N、P异质斑块中,各家系福建柏幼苗叶片SOD和CAT活性均高于同质养分斑块,K异质斑块中POD、SOD和CAT 3种酶活性与同质养分斑块差异不大。N、P异质斑块中,福建柏幼苗叶片MDA含量均明显低于同质养分斑块,而K异质斑块中MDA含量则明显高于N、P异质斑块。(4)福建柏家系幼苗叶片荧光参数的表型可塑性指数均值最低,为0.29,光合特性的表型可塑性指数均值为0.52,而酶活性和MDA含量的表型可塑性指数均值为0.57。光合生理整体表型可塑性指数最高的是464家系,最低的是490家系。【结论】福建柏各家系幼苗叶片对N、P异质环境表现出较好的适应性,K异质环境对福建柏幼苗叶片光合作用强度和酶活性有一定的抑制作用;9个家系中,464家系具有较高的光合生理可塑性。
