The characterization of track irregularities is crucial in railway dynamics,as track irregularities are the primary source of internal excitation in railway systems.In this paper,three mathematical models are proposed...The characterization of track irregularities is crucial in railway dynamics,as track irregularities are the primary source of internal excitation in railway systems.In this paper,three mathematical models are proposed to characterize the track irregularities under different circumstances.The first model is a novel explicit track spectrum function,which performs better in reflecting the inherent periodic components of track irregularities than the existing track spectra.On this foundation,the second model,a parameterized track spectrum random model,is proposed to represent the vast measured track irregularities from the probabilistic perspective.Finally,the third model,an imprecise track spectrum interval model based on a neighborhood uniform sampling Bootstrap method,is presented to identify the confidential interval of the track spectra when the track irregularity data are limited.Three examples are illustrated to demonstrate the feasibility of the three track irregularity models in characterizing the track irregularities in different conditions.This research can help capture the railway deformation status and optimize track maintenance strategies.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances ar...Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts.Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties.Herein,we realize boron(B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium(Rh)nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh_(4)B nanoparticles(NPs)and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method.A high Faradaic efficiency(92.1±1.2%)and NH_(3) yield rate(629.5±11.0μmol h^(−1) cm^(−2))are achieved over hcp RhB NPs,far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts.In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center,enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile,and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step.A demonstrative Zn-NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2,realizing simultaneous NO removal,NH3 synthesis,and electricity output.展开更多
The corrosion behavior of 304L and a high Si-containing(HS)austenitic stainless steel(SS)in hot nitric acid solution containing Ce^(3+)or Ce^(4+)ions was investigated.Mass loss test,electrochemical impedance spectrosc...The corrosion behavior of 304L and a high Si-containing(HS)austenitic stainless steel(SS)in hot nitric acid solution containing Ce^(3+)or Ce^(4+)ions was investigated.Mass loss test,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were utilized.The results demonstrated that Ce^(3+)ions had minimal impact,whereas Ce^(4+)ions greatly enhanced the corrosion rates and cathodic reactions of 304L and HS SS,indicating the powerful oxidizing ability of Ce^(4+)ions.HS SS experienced uniform corrosion,while intergranular corrosion(IGC)was observed in 304L SS with significant enrichment of Cr and depletion of Fe and Ni at corroded grain boundaries.A novel mechanism distinct from conventional Cr-depleted regions was proposed to explain this phenomenon,and the low IGC sensitivity of HS SS was discussed.展开更多
Fe_(3)Sn_(2),a ferromagnetic metal with a kagome lattice,serves as an ideal platform for exploring topological electronic states and Berry curvature due to its unique band structure.However,systematic reports on the t...Fe_(3)Sn_(2),a ferromagnetic metal with a kagome lattice,serves as an ideal platform for exploring topological electronic states and Berry curvature due to its unique band structure.However,systematic reports on the transport properties of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets remain scarce.We present temperature-dependent transport property measurements of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on Si/SiO_(2)substrates.The samples exhibit a robust anomalous Hall effect from 40 K to 300 K,along with a magnetoresistance sign reversal at 40 K at high magnetic fields,indicating a spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane.Notably,a sharp crossover in the dominant transport contribution from electrons to holes near 200 K is observed,accompanied by distinct anomalous Hall behaviors in the two regimes,indicating a temperature-induced Lifshitz transition within the multi-band system.This divergence is potentially linked to a topological reconstruction of the Fermi surface across the transition.Our findings highlight the tunability of topological transport in two-dimensional kagome magnets and provide new insights into the interplay between band topology,dimensionality and magnetic order.展开更多
With the global push for energy conservation and the rapid development of low-power,flexible and wearable optical displays,the demand for electrochromic technology has surged.Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),a crucial c...With the global push for energy conservation and the rapid development of low-power,flexible and wearable optical displays,the demand for electrochromic technology has surged.Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),a crucial component of electrochromic devices(ECDs),show great promise in applications.This is attributed to their efficient ion-transport capabilities,excellent mechanical properties and strong adhesion.All of these characteristics are conducive to enhancing the safety of the devices,streamlining the packaging process,significantly improving the electrochromic performance of ECDs and boosting their commercial application potential.This review provides a comprehensive overview of GPEs for ECDs,focusing on their basic designs,functional modifications and practical applications.Firstly,this review outlines the fundamental design of GPEs for ECDs,encompassing key performance index,classification,gelation mechanism and preparation methods.Building on this foundation,it provides an in-depth discussion of functionalized GPEs developed to enhance device performance or expand functionality,including electrochromic,temperature-responsive,photo-responsive and stretchable self-healing GPE.Furthermore,the integration of GPEs into various ECD applications,including smart windows,displays,energy storage devices and wearable electronic,are summarized to highlight the advantages that the design of GPEs brings to the practical application of ECDs.Finally,based on the summary of GPEs employed for ECDs,the challenges and development expectations in this direction were indicated.展开更多
Seawater electrolysis has attracted considerable attention in hydrogen production.However,the chloride ions(Cl^(-))in seawater can corrode metal sites and decrease the lifespans of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).H...Seawater electrolysis has attracted considerable attention in hydrogen production.However,the chloride ions(Cl^(-))in seawater can corrode metal sites and decrease the lifespans of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a reversed-active sites strategy,converting Cl^(-)-affinitive metal sites to Cl^(-)-repellent oxygen sites,for OER in alkaline seawater electrolysis.First,ex/in situ experiments confirm the effectiveness of such a strategy using typical perovskites following the adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)or lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism(LOM).Furthermore,the origins of the superior activity and durability of as-prepared La_(0.3)SrCo_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)Ox(La_(0.3))can be ascribed to higher participation of lattice oxygen in OER,rapid bulk oxygen diffusion,and excellent OH-adsorption kinetics.Hence,an alkaline seawater electrolytic cell with La_(0.3)as the anode produces 10 mA cm^(-2)at just 1.57 V and maintains near-constant activity over 150 hours.This work introduces novel concepts for the production of superactive and steady electrocatalysts for the electrolysis of seawater.展开更多
A series of photochromic diarylethene derivatives containing different fluorophores was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and mass spect...A series of photochromic diarylethene derivatives containing different fluorophores was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Photochromic conversion of Cz-MS was observed and its structural change was confirmed by proton NMR. Switchable absorption and emission phenomena were observed for these molecules. These phenomena were attributed to the reversible photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (pcFRET) process. The design of this novel photochromic system of Py-4MS enables information to be processed in a non-destructive manner. This overcomes the problem of the destructive nature of tracking photochromism using ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectroscopy.展开更多
The book Yi Xue Shi(《医学史》History of Medicine)was written and edited by Cecilia Mettler and Fred Mettler couple,published in 1947.The book is about the literature research of systematic introduction to the history...The book Yi Xue Shi(《医学史》History of Medicine)was written and edited by Cecilia Mettler and Fred Mettler couple,published in 1947.The book is about the literature research of systematic introduction to the history of medical development worldwide.The book provides a detailed description of the development of various medical disciplines and subjects through various documents and the authors and publication dates.Especially,Prof.Mettler has introduced the Chinese Yin and Yang(阴阳)and the five element theory(五行学说)and Shen Nung’s Materia Medica(神农本草)in this book.展开更多
Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtain...Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtaining their"fingerprint information"remains a huge obstacle.Herein,we developed a tip-enhanced Raman scattering(TERS)technique to address this challenge.Adopting an optical fiber radial vector mode internally illuminates the plasmonic fiber tip to effectively suppress the background noise while generating a strong electric-field enhanced tip hotspot.Furthermore,the tip hotspot approaching the glucose molecules was manipulated via the shear-force feedback to provide more freedom for selecting substrates.Consequently,our TERS technique achieves the visualization of all Raman modes of glucose molecules within spectral window of 400-3200 cm^(-1),which is not achievable through the far-field/surface-enhanced Raman,or the existing TERS techniques.Our TERS technique offers a powerful tool for accurately identifying Raman scattering of molecules,paving the way for biomolecular analysis.展开更多
To examine the effect of bedding angle upon burst proneness in terms of energy,phyllites with seven various bedding angles are selected for conventional uniaxial compression and single-cyclic loading eunloading uniaxi...To examine the effect of bedding angle upon burst proneness in terms of energy,phyllites with seven various bedding angles are selected for conventional uniaxial compression and single-cyclic loading eunloading uniaxial compression tests.The ejection and failure during compression process of phyllites are monitored in real-time by high-speed camera system.The results demonstrate that the phyllites with different bedding angles all consistently follow the linear energy storage and dissipation(LESD)law during compression.The ultimate energy storage of phyllites with varying bedding angles can be calculated precisely via using the LESD law.Based on this,four kinds of energy-based rockburst indices are applied to quantitatively assess the burst proneness for phyllites.Combined with the recorded images of high-speed camera system,ejection distance,and mass of rock fragments and powder,the burst proneness for phyllites with various bedding angles is qualitatively evaluated adopting the far-field ejection mass ratio.Next,burst proneness of anisotropic phyllites is assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.It is found that phyllites with bedding angles of 0°,15°,and 90°have a high burst proneness,and that with bedding angle of 30°has a medium burst proneness,whereas the ones with bedding angles of 45°,60°,and 75°have a low burst proneness.Finally,the published experimental data of shale and sandstone specimens with different bedding angles are extracted,and it is preliminarily verified that the bedding angle does not change the LESD law of rocks.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the rising use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR),patients are increasingly questioning various aspects of these endoscopic procedures.At the same time,conver...BACKGROUND With the rising use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR),patients are increasingly questioning various aspects of these endoscopic procedures.At the same time,conversational artificial intelligence(AI)tools like chat generative pretrained transformer(ChatGPT)are rapidly emerging as sources of medical information.AIM To evaluate ChatGPT’s reliability and usefulness regarding ESD and EMR for patients and healthcare professionals.METHODS In this study,30 specific questions related to ESD and EMR were identified.Then,these questions were repeatedly entered into ChatGPT,with two independent answers generated for each question.A Likert scale was used to rate the accuracy,completeness,and comprehensibility of the responses.Meanwhile,a binary category(high/Low)was used to evaluate each aspect of the two responses generated by ChatGPT and the response retrieved from Google.RESULTS By analyzing the average scores of the three raters,our findings indicated that the responses generated by ChatGPT received high ratings for accuracy(mean score of 5.14 out of 6),completeness(mean score of 2.34 out of 3),and comprehensibility(mean score of 2.96 out of 3).Kendall’s coefficients of concordance indicated good agreement among raters(all P<0.05).For the responses generated by Google,more than half were classified by experts as having low accuracy and low completeness.CONCLUSION ChatGPT provided accurate and reliable answers in response to questions about ESD and EMR.Future studies should address ChatGPT’s current limitations by incorporating more detailed and up-to-date medical information.This could establish AI chatbots as significant resource for both patients and health care professionals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52208445,52478321,52378468)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.G2021KY05105)+7 种基金the Basic Research Program of Natural Science in Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022JQ-369)the Open Foundation of National Engineering Laboratory for High Speed Railway Construction(No.HSR202001)the Youth Talent Support Program Project of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.959202413090)Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China railway group limited(Major Special Project,No.:2020-Special-022021-Special-082023-Special-07)Innovation-driven project of Central South University(2023CXQD072)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.:2022-JJ-20071).
文摘The characterization of track irregularities is crucial in railway dynamics,as track irregularities are the primary source of internal excitation in railway systems.In this paper,three mathematical models are proposed to characterize the track irregularities under different circumstances.The first model is a novel explicit track spectrum function,which performs better in reflecting the inherent periodic components of track irregularities than the existing track spectra.On this foundation,the second model,a parameterized track spectrum random model,is proposed to represent the vast measured track irregularities from the probabilistic perspective.Finally,the third model,an imprecise track spectrum interval model based on a neighborhood uniform sampling Bootstrap method,is presented to identify the confidential interval of the track spectra when the track irregularity data are limited.Three examples are illustrated to demonstrate the feasibility of the three track irregularity models in characterizing the track irregularities in different conditions.This research can help capture the railway deformation status and optimize track maintenance strategies.
基金funding support from General Research Fund[Project No.14300525]from the Research Grants Council(RGC)of Hong Kong SAR,Chinafunding support from Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Young Scientists Fund(Project No.22305203)+2 种基金NSFC Projects Nos.22309123,22422303,22303011,22033002,92261112 and U21A20328support from the Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center(NPMM)at City University of Hong Kongsupport from Young Collaborative Research Grant[Project No.C1003-23Y]support from RGC of Hong Kong SAR,China.
文摘Electrocatalytic nitric oxide(NO)reduction reaction(NORR)is a promising and sustainable process that can simultaneously realize green ammonia(NH3)synthesis and hazardous NO removal.However,current NORR performances are far from practical needs due to the lack of efficient electrocatalysts.Engineering the lattice of metal-based nanomaterials via phase control has emerged as an effective strategy to modulate their intrinsic electrocatalytic properties.Herein,we realize boron(B)-insertion-induced phase regulation of rhodium(Rh)nanocrystals to obtain amorphous Rh_(4)B nanoparticles(NPs)and hexagonal close-packed(hcp)RhB NPs through a facile wet-chemical method.A high Faradaic efficiency(92.1±1.2%)and NH_(3) yield rate(629.5±11.0μmol h^(−1) cm^(−2))are achieved over hcp RhB NPs,far superior to those of most reported NORR nanocatalysts.In situ spectro-electrochemical analysis and density functional theory simulations reveal that the excellent electrocatalytic performances of hcp RhB NPs are attributed to the upshift of d-band center,enhanced NO adsorption/activation profile,and greatly reduced energy barrier of the rate-determining step.A demonstrative Zn-NO battery is assembled using hcp RhB NPs as the cathode and delivers a peak power density of 4.33 mW cm−2,realizing simultaneous NO removal,NH3 synthesis,and electricity output.
基金financial support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373321)IMR Innovation Fund(2023-PY03)LingChuang Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC-LCKY-202274).
文摘The corrosion behavior of 304L and a high Si-containing(HS)austenitic stainless steel(SS)in hot nitric acid solution containing Ce^(3+)or Ce^(4+)ions was investigated.Mass loss test,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer,and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer were utilized.The results demonstrated that Ce^(3+)ions had minimal impact,whereas Ce^(4+)ions greatly enhanced the corrosion rates and cathodic reactions of 304L and HS SS,indicating the powerful oxidizing ability of Ce^(4+)ions.HS SS experienced uniform corrosion,while intergranular corrosion(IGC)was observed in 304L SS with significant enrichment of Cr and depletion of Fe and Ni at corroded grain boundaries.A novel mechanism distinct from conventional Cr-depleted regions was proposed to explain this phenomenon,and the low IGC sensitivity of HS SS was discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403503,2022YFA1602802,2023YFA1607400,and 2024YFA1613200)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.JQ23022)supported by the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility and the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302600)。
文摘Fe_(3)Sn_(2),a ferromagnetic metal with a kagome lattice,serves as an ideal platform for exploring topological electronic states and Berry curvature due to its unique band structure.However,systematic reports on the transport properties of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets remain scarce.We present temperature-dependent transport property measurements of Fe_(3)Sn_(2)nanosheets synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on Si/SiO_(2)substrates.The samples exhibit a robust anomalous Hall effect from 40 K to 300 K,along with a magnetoresistance sign reversal at 40 K at high magnetic fields,indicating a spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane.Notably,a sharp crossover in the dominant transport contribution from electrons to holes near 200 K is observed,accompanied by distinct anomalous Hall behaviors in the two regimes,indicating a temperature-induced Lifshitz transition within the multi-band system.This divergence is potentially linked to a topological reconstruction of the Fermi surface across the transition.Our findings highlight the tunability of topological transport in two-dimensional kagome magnets and provide new insights into the interplay between band topology,dimensionality and magnetic order.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103299)。
文摘With the global push for energy conservation and the rapid development of low-power,flexible and wearable optical displays,the demand for electrochromic technology has surged.Gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs),a crucial component of electrochromic devices(ECDs),show great promise in applications.This is attributed to their efficient ion-transport capabilities,excellent mechanical properties and strong adhesion.All of these characteristics are conducive to enhancing the safety of the devices,streamlining the packaging process,significantly improving the electrochromic performance of ECDs and boosting their commercial application potential.This review provides a comprehensive overview of GPEs for ECDs,focusing on their basic designs,functional modifications and practical applications.Firstly,this review outlines the fundamental design of GPEs for ECDs,encompassing key performance index,classification,gelation mechanism and preparation methods.Building on this foundation,it provides an in-depth discussion of functionalized GPEs developed to enhance device performance or expand functionality,including electrochromic,temperature-responsive,photo-responsive and stretchable self-healing GPE.Furthermore,the integration of GPEs into various ECD applications,including smart windows,displays,energy storage devices and wearable electronic,are summarized to highlight the advantages that the design of GPEs brings to the practical application of ECDs.Finally,based on the summary of GPEs employed for ECDs,the challenges and development expectations in this direction were indicated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278203).
文摘Seawater electrolysis has attracted considerable attention in hydrogen production.However,the chloride ions(Cl^(-))in seawater can corrode metal sites and decrease the lifespans of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a reversed-active sites strategy,converting Cl^(-)-affinitive metal sites to Cl^(-)-repellent oxygen sites,for OER in alkaline seawater electrolysis.First,ex/in situ experiments confirm the effectiveness of such a strategy using typical perovskites following the adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)or lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism(LOM).Furthermore,the origins of the superior activity and durability of as-prepared La_(0.3)SrCo_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)Ox(La_(0.3))can be ascribed to higher participation of lattice oxygen in OER,rapid bulk oxygen diffusion,and excellent OH-adsorption kinetics.Hence,an alkaline seawater electrolytic cell with La_(0.3)as the anode produces 10 mA cm^(-2)at just 1.57 V and maintains near-constant activity over 150 hours.This work introduces novel concepts for the production of superactive and steady electrocatalysts for the electrolysis of seawater.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20674070)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. R404109), China
文摘A series of photochromic diarylethene derivatives containing different fluorophores was synthesized by the Sonogashira coupling reaction and characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Photochromic conversion of Cz-MS was observed and its structural change was confirmed by proton NMR. Switchable absorption and emission phenomena were observed for these molecules. These phenomena were attributed to the reversible photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer (pcFRET) process. The design of this novel photochromic system of Py-4MS enables information to be processed in a non-destructive manner. This overcomes the problem of the destructive nature of tracking photochromism using ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectroscopy.
文摘The book Yi Xue Shi(《医学史》History of Medicine)was written and edited by Cecilia Mettler and Fred Mettler couple,published in 1947.The book is about the literature research of systematic introduction to the history of medical development worldwide.The book provides a detailed description of the development of various medical disciplines and subjects through various documents and the authors and publication dates.Especially,Prof.Mettler has introduced the Chinese Yin and Yang(阴阳)and the five element theory(五行学说)and Shen Nung’s Materia Medica(神农本草)in this book.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374358,91950207)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010420).
文摘Glucose molecules are of great significance being one of the most important molecules in metabolic chain.However,due to the small Raman scattering cross-section and weak/non-adsorption on bare metals,accurately obtaining their"fingerprint information"remains a huge obstacle.Herein,we developed a tip-enhanced Raman scattering(TERS)technique to address this challenge.Adopting an optical fiber radial vector mode internally illuminates the plasmonic fiber tip to effectively suppress the background noise while generating a strong electric-field enhanced tip hotspot.Furthermore,the tip hotspot approaching the glucose molecules was manipulated via the shear-force feedback to provide more freedom for selecting substrates.Consequently,our TERS technique achieves the visualization of all Raman modes of glucose molecules within spectral window of 400-3200 cm^(-1),which is not achievable through the far-field/surface-enhanced Raman,or the existing TERS techniques.Our TERS technique offers a powerful tool for accurately identifying Raman scattering of molecules,paving the way for biomolecular analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42077244).
文摘To examine the effect of bedding angle upon burst proneness in terms of energy,phyllites with seven various bedding angles are selected for conventional uniaxial compression and single-cyclic loading eunloading uniaxial compression tests.The ejection and failure during compression process of phyllites are monitored in real-time by high-speed camera system.The results demonstrate that the phyllites with different bedding angles all consistently follow the linear energy storage and dissipation(LESD)law during compression.The ultimate energy storage of phyllites with varying bedding angles can be calculated precisely via using the LESD law.Based on this,four kinds of energy-based rockburst indices are applied to quantitatively assess the burst proneness for phyllites.Combined with the recorded images of high-speed camera system,ejection distance,and mass of rock fragments and powder,the burst proneness for phyllites with various bedding angles is qualitatively evaluated adopting the far-field ejection mass ratio.Next,burst proneness of anisotropic phyllites is assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.It is found that phyllites with bedding angles of 0°,15°,and 90°have a high burst proneness,and that with bedding angle of 30°has a medium burst proneness,whereas the ones with bedding angles of 45°,60°,and 75°have a low burst proneness.Finally,the published experimental data of shale and sandstone specimens with different bedding angles are extracted,and it is preliminarily verified that the bedding angle does not change the LESD law of rocks.
基金Supported by Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2023020612the Ningbo Leading Medical&Healthy Discipline Project,No.2022-S04+1 种基金the Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission,No.2022KY315Ningbo Science and Technology Public Welfare Project,No.2023S133.
文摘BACKGROUND With the rising use of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR),patients are increasingly questioning various aspects of these endoscopic procedures.At the same time,conversational artificial intelligence(AI)tools like chat generative pretrained transformer(ChatGPT)are rapidly emerging as sources of medical information.AIM To evaluate ChatGPT’s reliability and usefulness regarding ESD and EMR for patients and healthcare professionals.METHODS In this study,30 specific questions related to ESD and EMR were identified.Then,these questions were repeatedly entered into ChatGPT,with two independent answers generated for each question.A Likert scale was used to rate the accuracy,completeness,and comprehensibility of the responses.Meanwhile,a binary category(high/Low)was used to evaluate each aspect of the two responses generated by ChatGPT and the response retrieved from Google.RESULTS By analyzing the average scores of the three raters,our findings indicated that the responses generated by ChatGPT received high ratings for accuracy(mean score of 5.14 out of 6),completeness(mean score of 2.34 out of 3),and comprehensibility(mean score of 2.96 out of 3).Kendall’s coefficients of concordance indicated good agreement among raters(all P<0.05).For the responses generated by Google,more than half were classified by experts as having low accuracy and low completeness.CONCLUSION ChatGPT provided accurate and reliable answers in response to questions about ESD and EMR.Future studies should address ChatGPT’s current limitations by incorporating more detailed and up-to-date medical information.This could establish AI chatbots as significant resource for both patients and health care professionals.
