Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance to...Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain,but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical.In this study,ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia,and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation.Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.Furthermore,the stimulation promoted motor function recovery,reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke,and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain.Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume.This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia.Additionally,our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo.These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.展开更多
Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apop...Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apoptosis,and oxidative stress,play an important role in the onset and progression of stroke.With a better understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction modulations in post-stroke neurological injury,these modulations have emerged as a potential target for stroke prevention and treatment.Additionally,since effective treatments for stroke are extremely limited and natural products currently offer some outstanding advantages,we focused on the findings and mechanisms of action related to the use of natural products for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of stroke.Natural products achieve neuroprotective through multi-target regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction encompassing the following processes:(1)Mitochondrial biogenesis:Cordyceps and hydroxysafflor yellow A activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/nuclear respiratory factor pathway,promote mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain protein synthesis,and thereby restore energy supply in the ischemic penumbra.(2)Mitochondrial dynamics balance:Ginsenoside Rb3 promotes Opa1-mediated neural stem cell migration and diffusion for recovery of damaged brain tissue.(3)Mitochondrial autophagy:Gypenoside XVII selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway and blocks reactive oxygen species and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome cascade,thereby alleviating blood-brain barrier damage.(4)Anti-apoptotic mechanisms:Ginkgolide K inhibits Bax mitochondrial translocation and downregulates caspase-3/9 activity,reducing neuronal programmed death induced by ischemia-reperfusion.(5)Oxidative stress regulation:Scutellarin exerts antioxidant properties and improves neurological function by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-Kruppel-like factor 2-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.(6)Intercellular mitochondrial transport:Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol are associated with accelerated mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons.Existing studies have confirmed that natural products exhibit neuroprotective effects through multidimensional interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models.However,their clinical translation still faces challenges,such as the difficulty in standardization due to component complexity,insufficient cross-regional clinical data,and the lack of long-term safety evaluations.Future research should aim to integrate new technologies,such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models,to deeply explore the mitochondria-targeting mechanisms of natural products and validate their efficacy through multicenter clinical trials,providing theoretical support and translational pathways for the development of novel anti-stroke drugs.展开更多
Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon ...Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.展开更多
Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2)...Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions...Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.展开更多
Many labdane-related diterpenoids(LRDs) exhibit high values in drug development.Their diversity in structure and bioactivity,to a large extent,arise from oxidative modifications which are mainly catalyzed by cytochrom...Many labdane-related diterpenoids(LRDs) exhibit high values in drug development.Their diversity in structure and bioactivity,to a large extent,arise from oxidative modifications which are mainly catalyzed by cytochrome P450s(CYPs).The medicinal plant Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.is rich in LRDs with distinct scaffolds.Herein,we characterized three cytochrome P450s involved in LRD biosynthesis from this plant.Notably,CYP71D450 and CYP701A148 are two substrate-promiscuity CYPs.The former is the first example of CYPs which can oxidize C-3 of ent-atisane skeleton and ent-isopimara-7(8),15-diene,and the latter is the first example of CYPs which can oxidize C-19 of ent-abietane and ent-pimarane skeletons.This study expands the toolkit for bioproduction of diverse LRDs.展开更多
The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-inf...The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared(NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study,which enabling target protein labeling,enrichment and visualization.Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms,showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems.Under NIR light irradiation,azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet(UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance.We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments,achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria.Furthermore,in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform.This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.展开更多
Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may po...Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.展开更多
First-principles calculations based on density functional theory(DFT)have had a significant impact on chemistry,physics,and materials science,enabling in-depth exploration of the structural and electronic properties o...First-principles calculations based on density functional theory(DFT)have had a significant impact on chemistry,physics,and materials science,enabling in-depth exploration of the structural and electronic properties of a wide variety of materials.Among different implementations of DFT,the plane-wave method is widely used for periodic systems because of its high accuracy.However,this method typically requires a large number of basis functions for large systems,leading to high computational costs.Localized basis sets,such as the muffin-tin orbital(MTO)method,have been introduced to provide a more efficient description of electronic structure with a reduced basis set,albeit at the cost of reduced computational accuracy.In this work,we propose an optimization strategy using machine-learning techniques to automate MTO basis-set parameters,thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of MTO-based calculations.Default MTO parameter settings primarily focus on lattice structure and give less consideration to element-specific differences.In contrast,our optimized parameters incorporate both structural and elemental information.Based on these converged parameters,we successfully recovered missing bands for CrTe_(2).For the other three materials—Si,GaAs,and CrI_(3)—we achieved band improvements of up to 2 e V.Furthermore,the generalization of the machine-learned method is validated by perturbation,strain,and elemental substitution,resulting in improved band structures.Additionally,lattice-constant optimization for Ga As using the converged parameters yields closer agreement with experiment.展开更多
Supported palladium catalysts, which were used in the oxidative esterification of methacrolein to methyl methacrylate, have been prepared with different carriers and Pd precursors. Experimental results revealed that P...Supported palladium catalysts, which were used in the oxidative esterification of methacrolein to methyl methacrylate, have been prepared with different carriers and Pd precursors. Experimental results revealed that Pd catalysts with r-Al2O3 support and Na2PdC14 precursor showed good performance. Pd catalyst modified with Pb and Mg indicated that Pd-Mg bimetallic catalyst exhibited considerably higher activity and Pd-Pb exhibited both higher activity and selectivity. 92.27% methacrolein conversion and 90.57% methyl methacrylate selectivity were obtained on Pd-Pb-Mg catalyst.展开更多
Background:To investigate SCL/TAL 1 interrupting locus(STIL)’s role and prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)progression,we examined STIL and E2 promoter binding factor 1(E2F1)expression and their impa...Background:To investigate SCL/TAL 1 interrupting locus(STIL)’s role and prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)progression,we examined STIL and E2 promoter binding factor 1(E2F1)expression and their impacts on LUAD prognosis using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA).Methods:Functional assays including CCK-8,wound-healing,5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine(EdU),Transwell assays,and flow cytometry,elucidated STIL and E2F1’s effects on cell viability,proliferation,apoptosis,and migration.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)identified potential pathways,while metabolic assays assessed glucose metabolism.Results:Our findings reveal that STIL and E2F1 are overexpressed in LUAD,correlating with adverse outcomes.It enhances cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and suppresses apoptosis,activating downstream of E2F1.Silencing E2F1 reversed the promotion effect of the STIL overexpression on cell viability and invasiveness.Importantly,STIL modulates glycolysis,influencing glucose consumption,lactate production,and energy balance in LUAD cells.Conclusion:Our model,incorporating STIL,age,and disease stage,robustly predicts patient prognosis,underscored STIL’s pivotal role in LUAD pathogenesis through metabolic reprogramming.This comprehensive approach not only confirms STIL’s prognostic value but also highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in LUAD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver d...BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nos.G2021KY05107,G2021KY05101the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32071316,32211530049+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,No.2022-JM482the Education and Teaching Reform Funds for the Central Universities,No.23GZ230102(all to LL and HH).
文摘Although previous studies have demonstrated that transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation protects the ischemic brain,clear criteria for the stimulation time window and intensity are lacking.Electrical impedance tomography enables real-time monitoring of changes in cerebral blood perfusion within the ischemic brain,but investigating the feasibility of using this method to assess post-stroke rehabilitation in vivo remains critical.In this study,ischemic stroke was induced in rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery.Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation was used to treat the rat model of ischemia,and electrical impedance tomography was used to measure impedance during both the acute stage of ischemia and the rehabilitation stage following the stimulation.Electrical impedance tomography results indicated that cerebral impedance increased after the onset of ischemia and decreased following transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation.Furthermore,the stimulation promoted motor function recovery,reduced cerebral infarction volume in the rat model of ischemic stroke,and induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the ischemic brain.Our results also revealed a significant correlation between the impedance of the ischemic brain post-intervention and improvements in behavioral scores and infarct volume.This study shows that daily administration of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation for 20 minutes to the ischemic hemisphere 24 hours after cerebral ischemia enhanced motor recovery in a rat model of ischemia.Additionally,our findings indicate that electrical impedance tomography can serve as a valuable tool for quantitatively evaluating rehabilitation after ischemic stroke in vivo.These findings suggest the feasibility of using impedance data collected via electrical impedance tomography to clinically assess the effects of rehabilitatory interventions for patients with ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82204663(to TZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022QH058(to TZ).
文摘Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apoptosis,and oxidative stress,play an important role in the onset and progression of stroke.With a better understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction modulations in post-stroke neurological injury,these modulations have emerged as a potential target for stroke prevention and treatment.Additionally,since effective treatments for stroke are extremely limited and natural products currently offer some outstanding advantages,we focused on the findings and mechanisms of action related to the use of natural products for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of stroke.Natural products achieve neuroprotective through multi-target regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction encompassing the following processes:(1)Mitochondrial biogenesis:Cordyceps and hydroxysafflor yellow A activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/nuclear respiratory factor pathway,promote mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain protein synthesis,and thereby restore energy supply in the ischemic penumbra.(2)Mitochondrial dynamics balance:Ginsenoside Rb3 promotes Opa1-mediated neural stem cell migration and diffusion for recovery of damaged brain tissue.(3)Mitochondrial autophagy:Gypenoside XVII selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway and blocks reactive oxygen species and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome cascade,thereby alleviating blood-brain barrier damage.(4)Anti-apoptotic mechanisms:Ginkgolide K inhibits Bax mitochondrial translocation and downregulates caspase-3/9 activity,reducing neuronal programmed death induced by ischemia-reperfusion.(5)Oxidative stress regulation:Scutellarin exerts antioxidant properties and improves neurological function by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-Kruppel-like factor 2-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.(6)Intercellular mitochondrial transport:Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol are associated with accelerated mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons.Existing studies have confirmed that natural products exhibit neuroprotective effects through multidimensional interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models.However,their clinical translation still faces challenges,such as the difficulty in standardization due to component complexity,insufficient cross-regional clinical data,and the lack of long-term safety evaluations.Future research should aim to integrate new technologies,such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models,to deeply explore the mitochondria-targeting mechanisms of natural products and validate their efficacy through multicenter clinical trials,providing theoretical support and translational pathways for the development of novel anti-stroke drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12325406,92261201,12404305,and W2512072)the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos.2023JC-XJ-03 and23JSQ013)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos.BX20240286 and 2024M7625)。
文摘Abiotic oxygen formation predates photosynthesis,sustaining early chemical evolution,yet its elementary mechanisms remain contested.Here,we show the production pathways for molecular oxygen from doubly ionized carbon dioxide upon electron-impact.Through fragment ions and electron coincidence momentum imaging,we unambiguously determine the ionization mechanism by measuring the projectile energy loss in association with the C^(+) +O_(2)^(+) channel.Further potential energy and trajectory calculations enable us to elucidate the dynamical details of this fragmentation process,in which a bond rearrangement pathway is found to proceed via the structural deformation to a triangular intermediate.Moreover,we demonstrate a further roaming pathway for the formation of O_(2)^(+) from CO_(2)^(+) 2,in which a frustrated C-O bond cleavage leaves the O atom without sufficient energy to escape.The O atom then wanders around varied configuration spaces of the flat potential energy regions and forms a C-O-O_(2)^(+) intermediate prior to the final products C^(+) +O_(2)^(+).Considering the large quantities of free electrons in interstellar space,the processes revealed here are expected to be significant and should be incorporated into atmospheric evolution models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168008,22378085)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2024GXNSFDA010053)+1 种基金the Technology Development Project of Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd(202100039)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2024065).
文摘Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209036,U23A20119)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Excellent Youth Project(E2023202069)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF0506000,2024YFB4609100)Fundamental Research Foundation from Hebei University of Technology(424132016,282021485).
文摘Solar-driven interfacial desalination(SID)offers a sustainable route for freshwater production,yet its long-term performance is compromised by salt crystallization and microbial fouling under complex marine conditions.Zwitterionic polymers offer promising nonfouling capabilities,but current zwitterionic hydrogel-based solar evaporators(HSEs)suffer from inadequate hydration and salt vulnerability.Inspired by the natural marine environmental adaptive characteristics of saltwater fish,we report a superhydrated zwitterionic poly(trimethylamine N-oxide,PTMAO)/polyacrylamide(PAAm)/polypyrrole(PPy)hydrogel(PTAP)with dedicated water channels for efficient,durable,and nonfouling SID.The directly linked N⁺and O⁻groups in PTMAO establish a robust hydration shell that facilitates rapid water transport while resisting salt and microbial adhesion.Integrated PAAm and PPy networks enhance mechanical strength and photothermal conversion.PTAP achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.35 kg m^(−2)h^(−1)under 1 kW m^(–2)in 10 wt%NaCl solution,maintaining stable operation over 100 h without salt accumulation.Furthermore,PTAP effectively resists various foulants including proteins,bacterial,and algal adhesion.Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the exceptional hydration capacity supports its nonfouling properties.This work advances the development of nonfouling HSEs for sustainable solar desalination in real-world marine environments.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Nos.82474024,82293682 (82293680),82073953]the Nonprofit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2021-RC350-009)+1 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2023-I2M-2-006)the Special Fund for the Construction of Qinghai Innovation Platform (No.2024-ZJ-T02)。
文摘Many labdane-related diterpenoids(LRDs) exhibit high values in drug development.Their diversity in structure and bioactivity,to a large extent,arise from oxidative modifications which are mainly catalyzed by cytochrome P450s(CYPs).The medicinal plant Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.is rich in LRDs with distinct scaffolds.Herein,we characterized three cytochrome P450s involved in LRD biosynthesis from this plant.Notably,CYP71D450 and CYP701A148 are two substrate-promiscuity CYPs.The former is the first example of CYPs which can oxidize C-3 of ent-atisane skeleton and ent-isopimara-7(8),15-diene,and the latter is the first example of CYPs which can oxidize C-19 of ent-abietane and ent-pimarane skeletons.This study expands the toolkit for bioproduction of diverse LRDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22007008)the LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC1907021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.DUT23YG120,DUT19RC(3)009)。
文摘The study of target proteins is crucial for understanding molecular interactions and developing analytical platforms,therapeutic agents and functional tools.Herein,we present a novel nanoplatform activated by near-infrared(NIR) light for triple-modal proteins study,which enabling target protein labeling,enrichment and visualization.Azido-naphthalimide-coated upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs) serve as NIR light-responsive nanoplatforms,showing promising applications in studying interactions between various bioactive molecules and proteins in living systems.Under NIR light irradiation,azido-naphthalimides are activated by ultraviolet(UV) and blue light emitted from UCNPs and the resulting amino-naphthalimides intermediate not only crosslink nearby target proteins but also enable imaging performance.We demonstrate that this nanoplatform is capable of selective protein labeling and imaging in complex protein environments,achieving specific labeling and imaging of both intracellular and extracellular proteins in mammalian cells as well as bacteria.Furthermore,in vivo protein labeling has been achieved using this novel NIR light-activatable nanoplatform.This technique will open new avenues for discoveries and mechanistic interrogation in chemical biology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176200)the Industrial Innovation Entrepreneurial Team Project of Ordos 2021.
文摘Industrial waste salts are commonly used to make value-added snow-melting agents to ensure traffic safety in northern China during winter and spring after snowfall.However,heavy metals in industrial waste salts may pose certain environmental risks.Snow-melting agents and snow samples were collected and analyzed from highways,arterial roads,footbridges,and other locations in Beijing after the snowstorm in December 2023.It was found that the main component of snow-melting agents was sodium chloride with high concentrations of Cu,Mn,and Zn,which are not regulated in the current policies,despite the recent promotion of environmentally friendly snow-melting agents.The Pb,Zn and Cr contents of some snow samples exceeded the limitation value of surface water quality standards,potentially affecting the soil and water environment near roadsides,although the snow-melting agents comply with relevant standards,which indicates the policy gap in the management of recycled industrial salts.We reviewed and analyzed the relevant standards for snow-melting agents and industrial waste salts proposed nationally and internationally over the past 30 years.Through comparative analysis,we proposed relevant policy recommendations to the existing quality standards of snow-melting agents and the management regulations of industrial waste salts,and the formulation of corresponding usage strategies,aimed at reducing the potential environmental release of heavy metals from the use of snow-melting agents,thereby promoting more sustainable green urban development and environmentally sound waste management.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1406600 and 2021YFA1202200)。
文摘First-principles calculations based on density functional theory(DFT)have had a significant impact on chemistry,physics,and materials science,enabling in-depth exploration of the structural and electronic properties of a wide variety of materials.Among different implementations of DFT,the plane-wave method is widely used for periodic systems because of its high accuracy.However,this method typically requires a large number of basis functions for large systems,leading to high computational costs.Localized basis sets,such as the muffin-tin orbital(MTO)method,have been introduced to provide a more efficient description of electronic structure with a reduced basis set,albeit at the cost of reduced computational accuracy.In this work,we propose an optimization strategy using machine-learning techniques to automate MTO basis-set parameters,thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of MTO-based calculations.Default MTO parameter settings primarily focus on lattice structure and give less consideration to element-specific differences.In contrast,our optimized parameters incorporate both structural and elemental information.Based on these converged parameters,we successfully recovered missing bands for CrTe_(2).For the other three materials—Si,GaAs,and CrI_(3)—we achieved band improvements of up to 2 e V.Furthermore,the generalization of the machine-learned method is validated by perturbation,strain,and elemental substitution,resulting in improved band structures.Additionally,lattice-constant optimization for Ga As using the converged parameters yields closer agreement with experiment.
基金Financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20436050）Foundation of Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Supported palladium catalysts, which were used in the oxidative esterification of methacrolein to methyl methacrylate, have been prepared with different carriers and Pd precursors. Experimental results revealed that Pd catalysts with r-Al2O3 support and Na2PdC14 precursor showed good performance. Pd catalyst modified with Pb and Mg indicated that Pd-Mg bimetallic catalyst exhibited considerably higher activity and Pd-Pb exhibited both higher activity and selectivity. 92.27% methacrolein conversion and 90.57% methyl methacrylate selectivity were obtained on Pd-Pb-Mg catalyst.
文摘Background:To investigate SCL/TAL 1 interrupting locus(STIL)’s role and prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)progression,we examined STIL and E2 promoter binding factor 1(E2F1)expression and their impacts on LUAD prognosis using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA).Methods:Functional assays including CCK-8,wound-healing,5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine(EdU),Transwell assays,and flow cytometry,elucidated STIL and E2F1’s effects on cell viability,proliferation,apoptosis,and migration.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)identified potential pathways,while metabolic assays assessed glucose metabolism.Results:Our findings reveal that STIL and E2F1 are overexpressed in LUAD,correlating with adverse outcomes.It enhances cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,and suppresses apoptosis,activating downstream of E2F1.Silencing E2F1 reversed the promotion effect of the STIL overexpression on cell viability and invasiveness.Importantly,STIL modulates glycolysis,influencing glucose consumption,lactate production,and energy balance in LUAD cells.Conclusion:Our model,incorporating STIL,age,and disease stage,robustly predicts patient prognosis,underscored STIL’s pivotal role in LUAD pathogenesis through metabolic reprogramming.This comprehensive approach not only confirms STIL’s prognostic value but also highlights its potential as a therapeutic target in LUAD.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFF0713700 and No.2023YFF0713705Common Technology R&D Platform of Shaanxi Province,No.2023GXJS-01-1-2the Cyrus Tang Foundation Chung Ying Young Scholars Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.
