The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understoo...The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood.In this research,we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium(DE)and dental mesenchyme(DM)at the late bud,cap,and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing.Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis.Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM,such as PANCR,MIR205HG,DLX6-AS1,and DNM3OS,were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis.Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ,such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla(CDP).Functionally,we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells.These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.展开更多
With the rapid development of economy,the consumption of fossil fuels and excessive emissions of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))have led to many environmental issues.The thermocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to high value‐adde...With the rapid development of economy,the consumption of fossil fuels and excessive emissions of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))have led to many environmental issues.The thermocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to high value‐added chemicals is an effective strategy to meet the need of carbon neutralization.Among them,CO_(2) hydrogenation to light olefins has been well researched so that the selectivity of desired products can exceed the Anderson–Schulz–Flory(ASF)distribution to acquire an extremely high yield.However,although huge progress has been made in CO_(2) hydrogenation to produce long‐chain α‐olefins based on Fe catalysts as well,designing efficient catalysts with promoted C‐O dissociation and C‐C coupling remains challenging.In addition,ASF distribution restrains the selectivity of desired long‐chain products,whereas the approaches to breaking it still face issues.In this review,we focus on the design of Fe‐based catalysts for the synthesis of long‐chainα‐olefins through CO_(2) hydrogenation.We have summarized and analyzed the reaction mechanism,design of catalysts,structure–activity relationship,interaction between Fe and promoters,and strategies to break the ASF distribution.At the same time,the issues faced by CO_(2) hydrogenation to long‐chain α‐olefins are proposed and the possible future solutions are prospected.This review aims to provide a recent development on the design of Fe‐based catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation to long‐chain α‐olefins while considering the ASF distribution.展开更多
Cmyc,a proto-oncogene,is expressed at extremely low levels in mature neurons and is traditionally thought to have no function in these cells.However,recent studies suggest that Cmyc may play a crucial role in maintain...Cmyc,a proto-oncogene,is expressed at extremely low levels in mature neurons and is traditionally thought to have no function in these cells.However,recent studies suggest that Cmyc may play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of mature dopaminergic neurons.This study assessed the role of Cmyc in dopaminergic neurons and its significance in Parkinson’s disease.We used a conditional knockout approach to specifically delete Cmyc in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons of adult mice.Our findings showed that Cmyc deletion led to progressive neuron loss,Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms,downregulation of Klotho,and upregulation of senescence-associated inflammatory factors,along with enhanced oxidative stress and nitrated alpha-synuclein accumulation,ultimately causing neuronal death.In vitro experiments confirmed increased senescence in C-MYC knockout cells,which was partially reversible by KLOTHO overexpression.We conclude that low-level Cmyc expression is essential for maintaining the health of mature dopaminergic neurons and preventing neurodegeneration,and suggest the c-Myc/Klotho axis as a potential therapeutic target for age-related neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease.Our study introduces a novel mouse model for Parkinson’s disease that replicates a condition associated with normal aging,offering a valuable tool for future research into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organ...Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.展开更多
Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.A...Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm)and porosity(55%-67%)show three stages:elastic stage,plastic stage,and densification stage.The compression strength increases with decreasing density.The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam.In addition,the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam.The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid.It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate.In addition,open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests,showing good bioactivity.Therefore,the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.展开更多
Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductiv...Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability are the main drawbacks in realizing the large-scale application of PCMs.Promisingly,developing composite PCM(CPCM)based on porous supporting mate-rial provides a desirable solution to obtain performance-enhanced PCMs with improved effective thermal conductivity and shape stability.Among all the porous matrixes as supports for PCM,three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting material has attracted considerable attention ascribing to its high ther-mal conductivity,desirable loading capacity of PCMs,and excellent chemical compatibility with various PCMs.Therefore,this work systemically reviews the CPCMs with three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting materials.First,a concise rule for the fabrication of CPCMs is illustrated in detail.Next,the experimental and computational research of carbon nanotube-based support,graphene-based support,graphite-based support and amorphous carbon-based support are reviewed.Then,the applications of the shape-stabilized CPCMs including thermal management and thermal conversion are illustrated.Last but not least,the challenges and prospects of the CPCMs are discussed.To conclude,introducing carbon-based porous materials can solve the liquid leakage issue and essentially improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs.However,there is still a long way to further develop a desirable CPCM with higher latent heat capacity,higher thermal conductivity,and more excellent shape stability.展开更多
The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepato...The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)mortality and recurrence.Elucidation of this specific mechanism has substantial social and clinical implications.In this study,tumor-bearing mice engaged in voluntary wheel running exhibited a notable decrease in tumor growth,exceeding 30%.Microarray analysis revealed an upregulation of cytokinerelated pathways as a potential explanation for this effect.The inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor(GM-CSF)was found to enhance tumor cell proliferation,while the absence of GM-CSF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor cell growth.The findings suggest that exercise-induced serum from mice can impede the proliferation of mouse tumor cells,with the adipokine chemerin inhibiting the growth factor GM-CSF.Additionally,exercise was found to stimulate chemerin secretion by brown adipose tissue.Chemerin suppression led to a reduction in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.The results of this study suggest that exercise may stimulate the release of adipokines from brown adipose tissue,transport them through the blood to the distant tumor microenvironment,and downregulate GM-CSF expression,alleviating tumor immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment,thereby inhibiting at HCC progression.These findings provide a theoretical basis for incorporating exercise prescription into cancer treatment.展开更多
Stimulated emission and lasing of GaN-based laser diodes(LDs)were reported at 1995[1]and 1996[2],right after the breakthrough of p-type doping[3−5],material quality[6]and the invention of high-brightness GaN-based LED...Stimulated emission and lasing of GaN-based laser diodes(LDs)were reported at 1995[1]and 1996[2],right after the breakthrough of p-type doping[3−5],material quality[6]and the invention of high-brightness GaN-based LEDs[7,8].However,it took much longer time for GaN-based LDs to achieve high power,high wall plug efficiency,and long lifetime.Until 2019,Nichia reported blue LDs with these performances[9],which open wide applications with GaN-based blue LDs.展开更多
The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was w...The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was wrongly placed.展开更多
With the aging global population,the decline in muscle mass and function among the elderly has emerged as a significant concern.This systemic progressive generalized loss of muscle function and mass is referred to as ...With the aging global population,the decline in muscle mass and function among the elderly has emerged as a significant concern.This systemic progressive generalized loss of muscle function and mass is referred to as sarcopenia(SP).In recent years,a growing number of studies have investigated SP,revealing that many tumor diseases,especially in the digestive system,promote its occurrence due to the influence of the disease itself,diet,and other factors.Moreover,SP patients tend to have poorer postoperative recovery.At present,many diagnostic methods have been developed for SP,but no unified standard has been established.Furthermore,the cutoff values of many diagnostic methods for different populations are still in the exploratory stage,and additional clinical studies are required to explore these issues.This article comprehensively and systematically summarizes the diagnostic methods and criteria mentioned in previous research,focusing on the impact of SP on post-surgical patients with various malignant tumors.展开更多
Recent insights into the immune landscape of the brain tumor microenvironment shed new light on immunotherapy for various brain tumors.This study provides comprehensive overviews of the development trends of immunothe...Recent insights into the immune landscape of the brain tumor microenvironment shed new light on immunotherapy for various brain tumors.This study provides comprehensive overviews of the development trends of immunotherapy for four common brain tumors(brain metastasis,glioma,meningioma,and pituitary adenoma),for which immunotherapy-related clinical trials have been conducted.Publications spanning from January 1,2011,to December 31,2023,were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for a bibliometric analysis aimed at visualizing research trends and hotspots in immunotherapy for brain metastases,gliomas,meningiomas,and pituitary adenomas.Additionally,ongoing clinical trials were reviewed to identify the frontiers of immunotherapy in brain tumors.Research activity has significantly increased for brain metastasis and glioma,while studies on meningioma and pituitary adenoma remain in the nascent stages.The United States and China are the leading countries in these four research areas.Keyword analysis and ongoing trials underscore the crucial role of immune checkpoint inhibitors,which are currently a focal point in the treatment of various brain tumors.This review outlines the knowledge structures and research priorities in immunotherapy over the past 13 years,providing valuable insights for researchers in these fields.展开更多
Lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)is widely regarded as the next-generation cathode material for rechargeable batteries due to its satisfactory theoretical capacity and excellent compatibility with lithium-free anodes.However,t...Lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)is widely regarded as the next-generation cathode material for rechargeable batteries due to its satisfactory theoretical capacity and excellent compatibility with lithium-free anodes.However,the large-scale applications of Li_(2)S cathodes are limited by the shuttle effect of soluble intermediate lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and the sluggish redox kinetics of the interconversion between Li_(2)S and sulfur(S).Herein,we report novel nitrogen-doped carbon nanoflakes in-situ embedded with WN-Ni_(2)P heterostructures(WN-Ni_(2)P@NCN)as a multifunctional host to promote the cycling performance and reaction kinetics of Li_(2)S.After loading Li_(2)S,the WNNi_(2)P@NCN/Li_(2)S exhibits stable reversible capacity of 597mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)over 150 cycles,and superior cycling stability over 800 cycles.The high reversible capacities,excellent cycling properties and superior reaction kinetics of WN-Ni_(2)P@NCN/Li_(2)S are attributed to the strong LiPSs fixation,remarkable catalytic activation and high electronic/ionic conductivity of the WN-Ni_(2)P@NCN framework,confirmed by the experiment and the density function theory calculation results.This work offers a new strategy for designing heterostructure nanoflakes with metal nitride and metal phosphide to facilitate the applications of advanced lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
The time-of-flight high-resolution neutron diffractometer(TREND)at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)has been successfully equipped with a large-area^(3)He tube array neutron detector,designed to achieve except...The time-of-flight high-resolution neutron diffractometer(TREND)at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)has been successfully equipped with a large-area^(3)He tube array neutron detector,designed to achieve exceptional resolution and uniformity.The detector system,comprising 14 banks and 134 modules with 1376^(3)He tubes,is optimized for highangle and medium-to-low-angle measurements.Advanced dual-end readout electronics ensure precise charge and timeof-flight measurements,while rigorous performance testing confirmed the system’s spatial resolution and uniformity.Insitu testing using polyethylene samples validated the detector’s operational stability,with counting rate deviations within 3.7%.The system also demonstrated excellent two-dimensional imaging capabilities and adaptability to various neutron wavelength ranges through harmonic division techniques.These results highlight the TREND detector system as a robust and versatile tool for high-resolution neutron diffraction studies.展开更多
Bronchial rupture from penetrating,perforating,or compressive cervical or thoracic injuries can lead to complete tracheal,mainstem bronchial,or lobar bronchial detachment.Although rare in children,bronchial rupture pr...Bronchial rupture from penetrating,perforating,or compressive cervical or thoracic injuries can lead to complete tracheal,mainstem bronchial,or lobar bronchial detachment.Although rare in children,bronchial rupture presents significant risks,including dyspnea,respiratory failure,and potentially fatal airway obstruction,and is often overlooked or diagnosed late in clinical settings.Prompt diagnosis and intervention are prognostically crucial.[1,2]Between January 2013 and December 2023,four children(two male and two female)with bronchial rupture were admitted to the Pediatric Surgical Intensive CareUnit(ICU)at Children’s Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Here,we share our experience of patient management.展开更多
In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), known as “3D printing”, has experienced exceptional growth thanks to the development of mechatronics and materials science. Fused filament deposition (FDM) manufacturing...In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), known as “3D printing”, has experienced exceptional growth thanks to the development of mechatronics and materials science. Fused filament deposition (FDM) manufacturing is the most widely used technique in the field of AM, due to low operating and material costs. However, the materials commonly used for this technology are virgin thermoplastics. It is worth noting a considerable amount of waste exists due to failed print and disposable prototypes. In this regard, using green and sustainable materials is essential to limit the impact on the environment. The recycled, bio-based, and blended recycled materials are therefore a potential approach for 3D printing. In contrast, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of interlayer adhesion and the degradation of materials for FDM printing has posed a major challenge for these green materials. This paper provides an overview of the FDM technique and material requirements for 3D printing filaments. The main objective is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using recycled, bio-based, and blended materials based on thermoplastics for 3D printing filaments. In this work, solutions to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printing parts before, during, and after the printing process are pointed out. This paper provides an overview on choosing which materials and solutions depend on the specific application purposes. Moreover, research gaps and opportunities are mentioned in the discussion and conclusions sections of this study.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of a two-dimensional (2D) planar ion chamber array to characterize leakage radiation from the head of the linear accelerator. Ion chamber arrays provide a benefit over a...The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of a two-dimensional (2D) planar ion chamber array to characterize leakage radiation from the head of the linear accelerator. Ion chamber arrays provide a benefit over a singular ion chamber measurement as they allow for the measurement of a larger area in order to isolate the point of maximum leakage dose and the small size of each individual ion chamber minimizes volume-averaging effects. A Varian Truebeam<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup></span> undergoing acceptance testing was used for all measurements. The gantry was wrapped in Portal Pack for Localization (PPL) radiographic film in order to isolate the location of maximum leakage. A calibration curve was developed and used to determine dose-to-film. An Ion Chamber Profiler (IC Profiler<sup><span style="font-size:6.5pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;">™</span></span></sup>) manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation was used to confirm measurements by the PPL film. All measurements were normalized to leakage at 100 cm from the target relative to the central axis. Three points were investigated with the IC Profiler, including the top of the gantry, the Varian logo, and the side of the gantry. For the three locations, respectively, the PPL film and the IC profiler were measured 0.142% and 0.131%, 0.036% and 0.030%, and 0.014% and 0.019%. The good agreement between the PPL film and the IC Profiler provides confidence in the use of a more efficient and accurate ion chamber array for head leakage measurements.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1104401)Beijing Municipal Government grant(Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health,PXM2021-014226-000041)+3 种基金Beijing Municipal Govemment(Beijing Scholar Program,PXM2021-014226-000020)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030031,92149301,81991504,L2224038,82270945)Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital,Capital Medical University(CXTD202201)Chinese Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration,Academy of Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-031).
文摘The regulatory processes in developmental biology research are significantly influenced by long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs).However,the dynamics of lncRNA expression during human tooth development remain poorly understood.In this research,we examined the lncRNAs present in the dental epithelium(DE)and dental mesenchyme(DM)at the late bud,cap,and early bell stages of human fetal tooth development through bulk RNA sequencing.Developmental regulators co-expressed with neighboring lncRNAs were significantly enriched in odontogenesis.Specific lncRNAs expressed in the DE and DM,such as PANCR,MIR205HG,DLX6-AS1,and DNM3OS,were identified through a combination of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis.Further subcluster analysis revealed lncRNAs specifically expressed in important regions of the tooth germ,such as the inner enamel epithelium and coronal dental papilla(CDP).Functionally,we demonstrated that CDP-specific DLX6-AS1 enhanced odontoblastic differentiation in human tooth germ mesenchymal cells and dental pulp stem cells.These findings suggest that lncRNAs could serve as valuable cell markers for tooth development and potential therapeutic targets for tooth regeneration.
基金supported by the CNPC Innovation Found(2021DQ02‐0702).
文摘With the rapid development of economy,the consumption of fossil fuels and excessive emissions of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))have led to many environmental issues.The thermocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to high value‐added chemicals is an effective strategy to meet the need of carbon neutralization.Among them,CO_(2) hydrogenation to light olefins has been well researched so that the selectivity of desired products can exceed the Anderson–Schulz–Flory(ASF)distribution to acquire an extremely high yield.However,although huge progress has been made in CO_(2) hydrogenation to produce long‐chain α‐olefins based on Fe catalysts as well,designing efficient catalysts with promoted C‐O dissociation and C‐C coupling remains challenging.In addition,ASF distribution restrains the selectivity of desired long‐chain products,whereas the approaches to breaking it still face issues.In this review,we focus on the design of Fe‐based catalysts for the synthesis of long‐chainα‐olefins through CO_(2) hydrogenation.We have summarized and analyzed the reaction mechanism,design of catalysts,structure–activity relationship,interaction between Fe and promoters,and strategies to break the ASF distribution.At the same time,the issues faced by CO_(2) hydrogenation to long‐chain α‐olefins are proposed and the possible future solutions are prospected.This review aims to provide a recent development on the design of Fe‐based catalysts for CO_(2) hydrogenation to long‐chain α‐olefins while considering the ASF distribution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671263(to XX)Scientific Research and Innovation Team,Education Department of Anhui Province,China,No.2023AH010072(to XX)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No.2208085MH221(to XX)The Key Projects for National Science Research of Education Department of Anhui Province,No.KJ2021A0851(to YD).
文摘Cmyc,a proto-oncogene,is expressed at extremely low levels in mature neurons and is traditionally thought to have no function in these cells.However,recent studies suggest that Cmyc may play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of mature dopaminergic neurons.This study assessed the role of Cmyc in dopaminergic neurons and its significance in Parkinson’s disease.We used a conditional knockout approach to specifically delete Cmyc in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons of adult mice.Our findings showed that Cmyc deletion led to progressive neuron loss,Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms,downregulation of Klotho,and upregulation of senescence-associated inflammatory factors,along with enhanced oxidative stress and nitrated alpha-synuclein accumulation,ultimately causing neuronal death.In vitro experiments confirmed increased senescence in C-MYC knockout cells,which was partially reversible by KLOTHO overexpression.We conclude that low-level Cmyc expression is essential for maintaining the health of mature dopaminergic neurons and preventing neurodegeneration,and suggest the c-Myc/Klotho axis as a potential therapeutic target for age-related neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s disease.Our study introduces a novel mouse model for Parkinson’s disease that replicates a condition associated with normal aging,offering a valuable tool for future research into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20421)the Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,the 533 Talent Program of Huaian City,and the College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Jiangsu Province(X202510323027).
文摘Endogenous hydrogen systems,consisting of metal–organic coordination catalysts and alcohols,have been widely applied for the transfer hydrogenation(TH)of biomass-derived carbonyl compounds in recent years.Metal-organic coordination catalysts showed satisfactory ability of TH in the secondary alcohols,but most of them could not effectively employ the cheaper primary alcohols as hydrogen donors.Furthermore,they commonly contained high metal contents,which also led to low catalytic efficiency in significant measure.In this work,we constructed a novel magnesium single-atom catalyst(Mg-NC)with merely 0.37 wt%Mg by means of a combined self-assembly and pyrolysis strategy.The characterization results indicated that Mg was atomically dispersed and it was coordinated with four pyridinic-N in Mg-NC.Due to the obvious electron transfer from Mg to its coordinated pyridinic-N,Mg–N_(4)active centers displayed high Lewis acid-base strength with abundant content,which brought remarkable catalytic activity.When Mg-NC was used for the TH of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)in ethanol(EtOH),2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)yield was up to 96.3%with high productivity of 19.85 molBHMF mol_(Mg)^(−1)h^(−1)at 150°C for 5 h.More interestingly,the process of TH over Mg-NC in EtOH was proved to proceed via the hydrogen radical mechanism.Additionally,Mg-NC exhibited powerful catalytic universality;it could not only utilize other primary alcohols(such as n-propanol and n-butanol)as hydrogen donors,but also catalyze the TH of other carbonyl compounds(such as furfural,5-methylfurfural,benzaldehyde,cyclohexanone,and levulinic acid).Overall,this work offered some important clues and references to reinforce the hydrogen-supplying ability of primary alcohols in the TH of various biomass-derived carbonyl compounds to high-value fine chemicals.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province(2019JH2/10100008)the Plan for Innovative Talents in Liaoning Higher Education Institutions(LR2018011)the Plan for Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Innovation Talent of Shenyang(RC170204).
文摘Foamed zinc was prepared by infiltration casting process.The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the samples were studied,and the feasibility of the foamed zinc as a bone implant material was discussed.All the compression stress-strain curves of open-cell zinc foams with various cell size(1-4 mm)and porosity(55%-67%)show three stages:elastic stage,plastic stage,and densification stage.The compression strength increases with decreasing density.The smooth stress-strain response indicates a progressively deformation of open-cell zinc foam.In addition,the cell wall or edge bending and fracture are the dominated mechanisms for failure of open cell zinc foam.The immersion test for determining the corrosion rate of open cell zinc foam was conducted in simulated body fluid.It was found that zinc foam with a small cell size and high porosity showed a higher corrosion rate.In addition,open-cell zinc foams can effectively induce Ca-P deposition in immersion tests,showing good bioactivity.Therefore,the open cell zinc foam prepared in this experiment has a good potential application as a human bone substitute material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52127816),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0715000)the National Natural Science and Hong Kong Research Grant Council Joint Research Funding Project of China(No.5181101182)the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme sponsored by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.N_PolyU513/18).
文摘Latent heat thermal energy storage(TES)effectively reduces the mismatch between energy supply and demand of renewable energy sources by the utilization of phase change materials(PCMs).However,the low thermal conductivity and poor shape stability are the main drawbacks in realizing the large-scale application of PCMs.Promisingly,developing composite PCM(CPCM)based on porous supporting mate-rial provides a desirable solution to obtain performance-enhanced PCMs with improved effective thermal conductivity and shape stability.Among all the porous matrixes as supports for PCM,three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting material has attracted considerable attention ascribing to its high ther-mal conductivity,desirable loading capacity of PCMs,and excellent chemical compatibility with various PCMs.Therefore,this work systemically reviews the CPCMs with three-dimensional carbon-based porous supporting materials.First,a concise rule for the fabrication of CPCMs is illustrated in detail.Next,the experimental and computational research of carbon nanotube-based support,graphene-based support,graphite-based support and amorphous carbon-based support are reviewed.Then,the applications of the shape-stabilized CPCMs including thermal management and thermal conversion are illustrated.Last but not least,the challenges and prospects of the CPCMs are discussed.To conclude,introducing carbon-based porous materials can solve the liquid leakage issue and essentially improve the thermal conductivity of PCMs.However,there is still a long way to further develop a desirable CPCM with higher latent heat capacity,higher thermal conductivity,and more excellent shape stability.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province:2024NSFSC0644.
文摘The integration of exercise prescriptions into cancer adjuvant therapy presents challenges stemming from the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism through which exercise intervention mitigates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)mortality and recurrence.Elucidation of this specific mechanism has substantial social and clinical implications.In this study,tumor-bearing mice engaged in voluntary wheel running exhibited a notable decrease in tumor growth,exceeding 30%.Microarray analysis revealed an upregulation of cytokinerelated pathways as a potential explanation for this effect.The inclusion of granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor(GM-CSF)was found to enhance tumor cell proliferation,while the absence of GM-CSF resulted in a marked inhibition of tumor cell growth.The findings suggest that exercise-induced serum from mice can impede the proliferation of mouse tumor cells,with the adipokine chemerin inhibiting the growth factor GM-CSF.Additionally,exercise was found to stimulate chemerin secretion by brown adipose tissue.Chemerin suppression led to a reduction in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation.The results of this study suggest that exercise may stimulate the release of adipokines from brown adipose tissue,transport them through the blood to the distant tumor microenvironment,and downregulate GM-CSF expression,alleviating tumor immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment,thereby inhibiting at HCC progression.These findings provide a theoretical basis for incorporating exercise prescription into cancer treatment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant.BK20232042).
文摘Stimulated emission and lasing of GaN-based laser diodes(LDs)were reported at 1995[1]and 1996[2],right after the breakthrough of p-type doping[3−5],material quality[6]and the invention of high-brightness GaN-based LEDs[7,8].However,it took much longer time for GaN-based LDs to achieve high power,high wall plug efficiency,and long lifetime.Until 2019,Nichia reported blue LDs with these performances[9],which open wide applications with GaN-based blue LDs.
文摘The authors regret that an error in Fig.3E in this article was found while we reviewing the published data.An inadvertent mistake occurred in the process of assembling images.The picture of the Ms215μg/mL group was wrongly placed.
文摘With the aging global population,the decline in muscle mass and function among the elderly has emerged as a significant concern.This systemic progressive generalized loss of muscle function and mass is referred to as sarcopenia(SP).In recent years,a growing number of studies have investigated SP,revealing that many tumor diseases,especially in the digestive system,promote its occurrence due to the influence of the disease itself,diet,and other factors.Moreover,SP patients tend to have poorer postoperative recovery.At present,many diagnostic methods have been developed for SP,but no unified standard has been established.Furthermore,the cutoff values of many diagnostic methods for different populations are still in the exploratory stage,and additional clinical studies are required to explore these issues.This article comprehensively and systematically summarizes the diagnostic methods and criteria mentioned in previous research,focusing on the impact of SP on post-surgical patients with various malignant tumors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273328)Hubei Province Key Research&Development Program(No.2021BCA143)。
文摘Recent insights into the immune landscape of the brain tumor microenvironment shed new light on immunotherapy for various brain tumors.This study provides comprehensive overviews of the development trends of immunotherapy for four common brain tumors(brain metastasis,glioma,meningioma,and pituitary adenoma),for which immunotherapy-related clinical trials have been conducted.Publications spanning from January 1,2011,to December 31,2023,were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for a bibliometric analysis aimed at visualizing research trends and hotspots in immunotherapy for brain metastases,gliomas,meningiomas,and pituitary adenomas.Additionally,ongoing clinical trials were reviewed to identify the frontiers of immunotherapy in brain tumors.Research activity has significantly increased for brain metastasis and glioma,while studies on meningioma and pituitary adenoma remain in the nascent stages.The United States and China are the leading countries in these four research areas.Keyword analysis and ongoing trials underscore the crucial role of immune checkpoint inhibitors,which are currently a focal point in the treatment of various brain tumors.This review outlines the knowledge structures and research priorities in immunotherapy over the past 13 years,providing valuable insights for researchers in these fields.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB2502000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902079,52072342,52377216 and 52102324)+3 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2008085QE271 and 2208085ME108)Excellent Research and Innovation Team of Anhui Universities(No.2022AH010096)Natural Science Research Project for Anhui Universities(No.2024AH051519)Hefei Institutes of Physical Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences Director's Fund(Nos.BJPY2023B04,YZJJ-GGZX-2022-01 and YZJJ202102)
文摘Lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S)is widely regarded as the next-generation cathode material for rechargeable batteries due to its satisfactory theoretical capacity and excellent compatibility with lithium-free anodes.However,the large-scale applications of Li_(2)S cathodes are limited by the shuttle effect of soluble intermediate lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)and the sluggish redox kinetics of the interconversion between Li_(2)S and sulfur(S).Herein,we report novel nitrogen-doped carbon nanoflakes in-situ embedded with WN-Ni_(2)P heterostructures(WN-Ni_(2)P@NCN)as a multifunctional host to promote the cycling performance and reaction kinetics of Li_(2)S.After loading Li_(2)S,the WNNi_(2)P@NCN/Li_(2)S exhibits stable reversible capacity of 597mAh g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1)over 150 cycles,and superior cycling stability over 800 cycles.The high reversible capacities,excellent cycling properties and superior reaction kinetics of WN-Ni_(2)P@NCN/Li_(2)S are attributed to the strong LiPSs fixation,remarkable catalytic activation and high electronic/ionic conductivity of the WN-Ni_(2)P@NCN framework,confirmed by the experiment and the density function theory calculation results.This work offers a new strategy for designing heterostructure nanoflakes with metal nitride and metal phosphide to facilitate the applications of advanced lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through the Young Fund Project titled“Research on Polarized Neutron Detector System”(Project Approval No.12205326)support was provided by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2023B0303000003)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Particle Detection Technology(Grant No.2024B1212010005).
文摘The time-of-flight high-resolution neutron diffractometer(TREND)at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)has been successfully equipped with a large-area^(3)He tube array neutron detector,designed to achieve exceptional resolution and uniformity.The detector system,comprising 14 banks and 134 modules with 1376^(3)He tubes,is optimized for highangle and medium-to-low-angle measurements.Advanced dual-end readout electronics ensure precise charge and timeof-flight measurements,while rigorous performance testing confirmed the system’s spatial resolution and uniformity.Insitu testing using polyethylene samples validated the detector’s operational stability,with counting rate deviations within 3.7%.The system also demonstrated excellent two-dimensional imaging capabilities and adaptability to various neutron wavelength ranges through harmonic division techniques.These results highlight the TREND detector system as a robust and versatile tool for high-resolution neutron diffraction studies.
文摘Bronchial rupture from penetrating,perforating,or compressive cervical or thoracic injuries can lead to complete tracheal,mainstem bronchial,or lobar bronchial detachment.Although rare in children,bronchial rupture presents significant risks,including dyspnea,respiratory failure,and potentially fatal airway obstruction,and is often overlooked or diagnosed late in clinical settings.Prompt diagnosis and intervention are prognostically crucial.[1,2]Between January 2013 and December 2023,four children(two male and two female)with bronchial rupture were admitted to the Pediatric Surgical Intensive CareUnit(ICU)at Children’s Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine.Here,we share our experience of patient management.
文摘In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), known as “3D printing”, has experienced exceptional growth thanks to the development of mechatronics and materials science. Fused filament deposition (FDM) manufacturing is the most widely used technique in the field of AM, due to low operating and material costs. However, the materials commonly used for this technology are virgin thermoplastics. It is worth noting a considerable amount of waste exists due to failed print and disposable prototypes. In this regard, using green and sustainable materials is essential to limit the impact on the environment. The recycled, bio-based, and blended recycled materials are therefore a potential approach for 3D printing. In contrast, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of interlayer adhesion and the degradation of materials for FDM printing has posed a major challenge for these green materials. This paper provides an overview of the FDM technique and material requirements for 3D printing filaments. The main objective is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using recycled, bio-based, and blended materials based on thermoplastics for 3D printing filaments. In this work, solutions to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printing parts before, during, and after the printing process are pointed out. This paper provides an overview on choosing which materials and solutions depend on the specific application purposes. Moreover, research gaps and opportunities are mentioned in the discussion and conclusions sections of this study.
文摘The purpose of this work is to evaluate the use of a two-dimensional (2D) planar ion chamber array to characterize leakage radiation from the head of the linear accelerator. Ion chamber arrays provide a benefit over a singular ion chamber measurement as they allow for the measurement of a larger area in order to isolate the point of maximum leakage dose and the small size of each individual ion chamber minimizes volume-averaging effects. A Varian Truebeam<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;"><span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span></span></sup></span> undergoing acceptance testing was used for all measurements. The gantry was wrapped in Portal Pack for Localization (PPL) radiographic film in order to isolate the location of maximum leakage. A calibration curve was developed and used to determine dose-to-film. An Ion Chamber Profiler (IC Profiler<sup><span style="font-size:6.5pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="white-space:nowrap;">™</span></span></sup>) manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation was used to confirm measurements by the PPL film. All measurements were normalized to leakage at 100 cm from the target relative to the central axis. Three points were investigated with the IC Profiler, including the top of the gantry, the Varian logo, and the side of the gantry. For the three locations, respectively, the PPL film and the IC profiler were measured 0.142% and 0.131%, 0.036% and 0.030%, and 0.014% and 0.019%. The good agreement between the PPL film and the IC Profiler provides confidence in the use of a more efficient and accurate ion chamber array for head leakage measurements.
