Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerni...Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerning the influence of brazilein on the innate immunity receptors have been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of NOD2 （Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2） by brazilein for its protection of neuron in cerebral ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The results showed that brazilein could reverse the elevated expression of NOD2 and TNFa （tumor necrosis factor alpha） elicited by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction could also be detected in normal mice and C 17.2 cells, indicating that this suppressive effect of brazilein was correlated with NOD2. The results from GFP reporter plasmid assay suggested brazilein inhibited NOD2 gene transcription. In conclusion, brazilein could attenuate NOD2 and TNFα expression in cerebral ischemia and NOD2 may be one possible target of brazilein for its immune suppressive effect in neuro-inflammation.展开更多
Brazilein is an active small molecular compound extracted from Caesalpinia sappan L. with favorable pharmacological properties on immune system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. C. sappan has been used as a ...Brazilein is an active small molecular compound extracted from Caesalpinia sappan L. with favorable pharmacological properties on immune system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. C. sappan has been used as a traditional medicine in China for hundreds of years for various diseases. However, the general reproductive toxicity of brazilein is still unknown. The purpose of the present study was to thoroughly evaluate the general reproductive toxicity of brazilein in ICR mice to support the future drug development and modernization of this potent traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that, although no apparent toxicity on the reproducibility of the male was observed, brazilein might cause considerable risks to the fetuses and females as indicated by the ratios of dead fetuses and reabsorptions. In conclusion, our results from the present study provided some useful insights about the safety profile of brazilein, suggesting that brazilein should be used with caution in pregnant women.展开更多
目的比较椎间盘镜和椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法通过检索Pub Med、Web of Science、Embase、万方和中国知网5个数据库,由两位作者独立筛选出相关文章。运用Cochrane风险因素来评估随机对照试验(RCT)文章质量,运用修改的Newc...目的比较椎间盘镜和椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法通过检索Pub Med、Web of Science、Embase、万方和中国知网5个数据库,由两位作者独立筛选出相关文章。运用Cochrane风险因素来评估随机对照试验(RCT)文章质量,运用修改的Newcastle-Ottawa量表进行回顾性文献的质量评估。文章中的数据应用Review Manager 5.3软件进行提取。结果最后有19篇相关研究被纳入此次Meta分析。椎间孔镜术后短期视觉模拟评分法(VAS)改善明显优于椎间盘镜组(P=0.010),而手术后远期VAS评分变化(P=0.120)、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分变化(P=0.260)、并发症(P=0.100)和残留或复发率(P=0.100)比较,两组差异均无统计学意义。椎间孔镜组出血量更少(P=0.000),切口长度更短(P=0.000),住院天数更少(P=0.000),但是椎间孔镜的手术时间较椎间盘镜组长(P=0.001)。结论在椎间盘突出的手术治疗方面,经皮椎间孔镜技术无疑是一种更加微创且安全的手术方法。展开更多
The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Bas...The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags is(Na_(2)O)>(B_(2)O_(3))>(Li_(2)O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li_(2)O)and(Na_(2)O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na_(2)O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al_(2)O_(3))than(Li_(2)O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al_(2)O_(3)),(La_(2)O_(3))and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.展开更多
To investigate the nucleation behavior during the single-phased metallic solidification process,the commercial ultrapure ferritic stainless steels with no(Initial steel)and various melt treatments(R1,MR1,Y2,MY1,and M1...To investigate the nucleation behavior during the single-phased metallic solidification process,the commercial ultrapure ferritic stainless steels with no(Initial steel)and various melt treatments(R1,MR1,Y2,MY1,and M1 steels)were used to carry out the differential scanning colorimetry(DSC)and high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope(HT-CLSM)experiments.Based on the results of DSC experiments,the equilibrium solidification process as well as the relationship among the critical undercooling degree(△T_(c)^(DSC)),latent heat of fusion/crystallization(△H_(f)/△H_(c)),equiaxed grain ratio(ER),and average grain size(△_(ave)^(ingot))was revealed.ER is increased with the decreasing△T_(c)^(DSC)and increasing△H_(f)/△H_(c);however,△_(ave)^(ingot)is decreased with them.Referring to the results of HT-CLSM experiments,the average sizes of micro-/macrostructures(d_(ave)/D_(ave)/)are decreased with the increasing cooling rate,as well as the difference between and apparent critical undercooling degree(△T_(c)^(CLSM))was revealed.The heterogeneous nucleation of the crystal nuclei occurs only if△T_(c)^(CLSM)>△T_(c)^(DSC).Combining with the interfacial wetting-lattice mismatch heterogeneous nucleation model,the dynamic mechanism of the metallic solidification was revealed.The as-cast grains of the melt-treated samples were obviously refined,owing to the much higher actual heterogeneous nucleation rates(I_(heter.,i))obtained through melt treatments,and the heterogeneous nucleation rates(I_(heter.,ij))for all samples are increased with the cooling rates,firmly confirming that the as-cast grains of each sample could be refined by the increasing cooling rates.展开更多
基金supported by the National S&T Major Special Project for New Drug R&D Program of China(Nos.2012ZX09102-201-008,2012ZX09103-201-041,and 2011ZX09101-002-11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81374006 and 81073092)
文摘Brazilein is reported to have immunosuppressive effect on cardiovascular and cerebral-vascular diseases. The essential roles of innate immunity in cerebral ischemia are increasingly identified, but no studies concerning the influence of brazilein on the innate immunity receptors have been reported. The present study was designed to investigate the regulation of NOD2 （Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2） by brazilein for its protection of neuron in cerebral ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. The results showed that brazilein could reverse the elevated expression of NOD2 and TNFa （tumor necrosis factor alpha） elicited by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. This reduction could also be detected in normal mice and C 17.2 cells, indicating that this suppressive effect of brazilein was correlated with NOD2. The results from GFP reporter plasmid assay suggested brazilein inhibited NOD2 gene transcription. In conclusion, brazilein could attenuate NOD2 and TNFα expression in cerebral ischemia and NOD2 may be one possible target of brazilein for its immune suppressive effect in neuro-inflammation.
基金supported by the National Science&Technology Major Special Project for New Drug R&D Program of China(No.2012ZX09102-201-008)
文摘Brazilein is an active small molecular compound extracted from Caesalpinia sappan L. with favorable pharmacological properties on immune system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. C. sappan has been used as a traditional medicine in China for hundreds of years for various diseases. However, the general reproductive toxicity of brazilein is still unknown. The purpose of the present study was to thoroughly evaluate the general reproductive toxicity of brazilein in ICR mice to support the future drug development and modernization of this potent traditional Chinese medicine. The results showed that, although no apparent toxicity on the reproducibility of the male was observed, brazilein might cause considerable risks to the fetuses and females as indicated by the ratios of dead fetuses and reabsorptions. In conclusion, our results from the present study provided some useful insights about the safety profile of brazilein, suggesting that brazilein should be used with caution in pregnant women.
文摘目的研究柴胡皂苷A(saikosaponin A,SSA)对小鼠骨髓源性巨噬细胞(bone marrow derived macrophage,BMDM)M1/M2型巨噬细胞分化、凋亡和功能的影响,并探究其分子机制。方法体外诱导BMDM分别向M1/M2型巨噬细胞分化,并同时加入SSA处理后:CCK-8检测BMDM、M1/M2型巨噬细胞的活性;倒置荧光显微镜观察M1/M2型巨噬细胞形态;流式细胞术(flow cytometry,FCM)和ELISA法检测M1/M2型巨噬细胞表面标志物和细胞因子水平;实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,qPCR)检测IL-6、TNF-α、精氨酸酶-1(arginase-1,Arg-1)的mRNA水平;FCM检测腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬荧光微球颗粒的能力;免疫组织荧光染色(immunofluorescence,IF)和Western blot检测SSA调控M1/M2型巨噬细胞的分子机制。结果SSA浓度在10.0 mg/L范围内对细胞活性无明显影响,SSA浓度15.0 mg/L时,M1/M2型巨噬细胞活性均受到明显抑制(P<0.01);10.0 mg/L SSA处理后的M1/M2型巨噬细胞形态发生变化,M1型巨噬细胞出现纺锤状或不规则形,少数细胞具有伪足,部分细胞边界不清;M2型巨噬细胞部分变为类圆形或者不规则形(P<0.001),边界不清楚。SSA处理后BMDM分化为M1/M2型巨噬细胞的比例均显著降低(P<0.05),且M1型巨噬细胞分泌IL-6、TNF-α的水平和其mRNA水平均显著降低(P<0.05),但M2型巨噬细胞分泌Arg-1和其mRNA水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。SSA可降低腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬荧光微球颗粒的能力(P<0.01),且具有浓度依赖性。SSA可降低M1型巨噬细胞磷酸化核转录因子-κB(phosphorylation of NF-kappaB,p-NF-κB)(P<0.01),提高M2型巨噬细胞磷酸化信号转导和转录激活因子6(phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6,p-STAT6)(P<0.05)。结论SSA可能通过调控NF-κB和STAT6信号通路来影响M1/M2型巨噬细胞的分化和功能。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174321,52274339 and 52074186).
文摘The reaction behavior between CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags and La-bearing FeCrAl melt was quantitatively characterized,which was further compared with the reaction behavior of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags.Based on this,the new type of mold flux for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting was designed and its basic properties were evaluated.The results showed that the order of reaction degree of fluxing agents in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags is(Na_(2)O)>(B_(2)O_(3))>(Li_(2)O),and the percentages of mass change of fluxing agents were 85.8,54.29 and 42.35 wt.%,respectively.Moreover,the addition of(Li_(2)O)and(Na_(2)O)promoted the reaction between(CaO)and[Al],and the reaction degree of the former was weaker than that of the latter,which was due to the greater effect of(Na_(2)O)on the activity of(CaO)and(Al_(2)O_(3))than(Li_(2)O).Compared with the reactivity of CaO–SiO_(2)-based slags,the percentages of mass change of Al and La caused by slag–steel reaction decreased by 10.63–14.36 and 39.78–50.49 wt.%,respectively.The percentages of mass change of(Al_(2)O_(3)),(La_(2)O_(3))and(CaO)in slags highest increased by 17.71,17.98,and 7.81 wt.%,respectively.The reactivity of CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–La_(2)O_(3)-based slags was significantly weakened.Ultimately,the new type of mold flux was designed and the composition range was determined.The fundamental properties of new mold flux basically meet the theoretical requirements for La-bearing FeCrAl alloy continuous casting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52274339,52174321,52074186,and 52104337)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231317)China Baowu Low-Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Fund(Grant No.BWLCF202108).
文摘To investigate the nucleation behavior during the single-phased metallic solidification process,the commercial ultrapure ferritic stainless steels with no(Initial steel)and various melt treatments(R1,MR1,Y2,MY1,and M1 steels)were used to carry out the differential scanning colorimetry(DSC)and high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscope(HT-CLSM)experiments.Based on the results of DSC experiments,the equilibrium solidification process as well as the relationship among the critical undercooling degree(△T_(c)^(DSC)),latent heat of fusion/crystallization(△H_(f)/△H_(c)),equiaxed grain ratio(ER),and average grain size(△_(ave)^(ingot))was revealed.ER is increased with the decreasing△T_(c)^(DSC)and increasing△H_(f)/△H_(c);however,△_(ave)^(ingot)is decreased with them.Referring to the results of HT-CLSM experiments,the average sizes of micro-/macrostructures(d_(ave)/D_(ave)/)are decreased with the increasing cooling rate,as well as the difference between and apparent critical undercooling degree(△T_(c)^(CLSM))was revealed.The heterogeneous nucleation of the crystal nuclei occurs only if△T_(c)^(CLSM)>△T_(c)^(DSC).Combining with the interfacial wetting-lattice mismatch heterogeneous nucleation model,the dynamic mechanism of the metallic solidification was revealed.The as-cast grains of the melt-treated samples were obviously refined,owing to the much higher actual heterogeneous nucleation rates(I_(heter.,i))obtained through melt treatments,and the heterogeneous nucleation rates(I_(heter.,ij))for all samples are increased with the cooling rates,firmly confirming that the as-cast grains of each sample could be refined by the increasing cooling rates.
