The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes...The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.展开更多
Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenes...Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation,redox state,and signal transduction pathways.However,the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.Results Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)(DLY)crossbred pigs served as research subjects.Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics,we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA),and glycocholic acid(GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows'livers.In bovine hepatocytes,individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes(FBP1,PCK1 and G6PC)and enhanced glucose production.In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis,TDCA,TCA,and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels,and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis,enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate.Mechanistically,these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),elevated intracellular cAMP levels,and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB).Notably,a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA,TCA,and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice.Conclusion TDCA,TCA,and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows,with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.展开更多
Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects exte...Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical thre...The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical threshold of 3.5×10^(4).This departure undermines the applicability of conventional similarity-based design approaches.In this study,micro radial-flow turbines with rotor diameters below 50 mm are investigated through a combined approach integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with experimental validation,aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which low Reynolds numbers influence aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance.The results demonstrate that decreasing Reynolds number leads to boundary-layer thickening on blade surfaces,enhanced flow separation on the suction side,and increased secondary-flow losses within the blade passages.These effects jointly produce a pronounced and non-linear deterioration of turbine efficiency.Geometric scaling analysis further indicates that efficiency losses intensify with decreasing turbine size,and become particularly severe at low rotational speeds and high expansion ratios.Detailed flow-field analyses reveal a direct link between the degradation of blade loading distribution and the amplification of transverse pressure gradients under low-Reynolds-number conditions,providing physical insight into the observed performance decline.展开更多
Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.This study aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC development and elucidate their molecular mechanisms,wi...Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.This study aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC development and elucidate their molecular mechanisms,with a particular focus on mitochondrial function and apoptosis.Methods:Differential expression analyses were performed across three datasets—The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(LIHC),GSE36076,and GSE95698—to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A prognostic risk model was then constructed.Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 1(CSRNP1)expression levels in HCC cell lines were assessed via western blot(WB)and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The effects of CSRNP1 knockdown or overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting-8(CCK-8)assays,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry.Mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy,and intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mROS)levels were measured using specific fluorescent probes.WB was used to assess activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,and pathway dependence was examined using the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine(NAC)and the JNK inhibitor SP600125.Results:A six-gene prognostic model was established,comprising downregulated genes(NR4A1 and CSRNP1)and upregulated genes(CENPQ,YAE1,FANCF,and POC5)in HCC.Functional experiments revealed that CSRNP1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of HCC cells and suppressed their apoptosis.Conversely,CSRNP1 overexpression impaired mitochondrial integrity,increased both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS levels,and activated the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway.Notably,treatment with NAC or SP600125 attenuated CSRNP1-induced MAPK activation and apoptosis.Conclusion:CSRNP1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor in HCC.It exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing oxidative stress and activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway in a ROS-dependent manner.These findings suggest that CSRNP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of HCC.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites and the occurrence of significant side reactions.Herein,sucralose(SCL),as an electrolyte additive,has been used to promote the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.The introduction of SCL can adjust the Zn~(2+)nucleation and diffusion along different crystal facets,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.By substituting water molecules in the[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]~(2+),SCL reconfigures the hydrogen bond network in the electrolyte,reconstructing the solvation structure and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the Zn//Zn symmetric battery exhibits long-term cycling stability of over 4900 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)-1 mAh cm^(-2).Even at a harsh condition of 30 mA cm^(-2)-30 mAh cm^(-2)(DOD=73.3%),it can stably cycle for 171 h.The CE of the Zn//Cu half battery reaches 99.61% at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)with 0.2 mAh cm^(-2).Employing the optimized electrolyte,after 500 cycles,a high specific capacity of 420 mAh g^(-1)can be retained for the NH_4V_4O_(10)//Zn full battery at 500 mA g^(-1),corresponding to a capacity retention of 90.7%.展开更多
Misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)hallmarks the neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease(PD)and acts as a"pathological seed"that promotes the progression of the disease[1].About 15%of PD patie...Misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)hallmarks the neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease(PD)and acts as a"pathological seed"that promotes the progression of the disease[1].About 15%of PD patients have a family history,5%-10%have a monogenic disorder with a Mendelian pattern of inheritance[2],and>90 independent risk signals identified by genome-wide association studies(GWASs)can be used to explain the non-monogenic risk of PD[3].展开更多
结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球高发恶性肿瘤,老年人群的发病率和死亡率居高,随着老龄化的加剧,老年CRC患者也逐年增多。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)等机构调查^([1-2])显示,65岁及以上人群CRC的发病率远超其...结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球高发恶性肿瘤,老年人群的发病率和死亡率居高,随着老龄化的加剧,老年CRC患者也逐年增多。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)等机构调查^([1-2])显示,65岁及以上人群CRC的发病率远超其他年龄段,严重影响老年人健康与生活。目前,手术仍是CRC主要治疗手段,部分患者则因病情或手术需要接受永久/临时性造口(人工肛门)。展开更多
In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been studied.The ...In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been studied.The microstructure and solidification kinetics of the two as-cast grades were in situ observed by high temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM).There are significant differences in the as-cast microstructures of the two 316L stainless steel compositions.In L-316L steel,ferrite morphology appears as the short rods with a ferrite content of 6.98%,forming a dual-phase microstructure consisting of austenite and ferrite.Conversely,in H-316L steel,the ferrite appears as discontinuous network structures with a content of 4.41%,forming a microstructure composed of austenite and sigma(σ)phase.The alloying elements in H-316L steel exhibit a complex distribution,with Ni and Mo enriching at the austenite grain boundaries.HT-CLSM experiments provide the real-time observation of the solidification processes of both 316L specimens and reveal distinct solidification modes:L-316L steel solidifies in an FA mode,whereas H-316L steel solidifies in an AF mode.These differences result in ferrite and austenite predominantly serving as the nucleation and growth phases,respectively.The solidification mode observed by experiments is similar to the thermodynamic calculation results.The L-316L steel solidified in the FA mode and showed minimal element segregation,which lead to a direct transformation of ferrite to austenite phase(δ→γ)during phase transformation after solidification.Besides,the H-316L steel solidified in the AF mode and showed severe element segregation,which lead to Mo enrichment at grain boundaries and transformation of ferrite into sigma and austenite phases through the eutectoid reaction(δ→σ+γ).展开更多
Tectonic activities significantly impact deep reservoir properties via sedimentary and diagenetic processes,and this is particularly true for lacustrine rift basins.The tectonic-sedimentary-diageneticreservoir system ...Tectonic activities significantly impact deep reservoir properties via sedimentary and diagenetic processes,and this is particularly true for lacustrine rift basins.The tectonic-sedimentary-diageneticreservoir system is crucial in deep reservoir exploration.This study examined the first member and upper submember of the second member of the Dongying Formation in the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin(East China),documenting the petrologic features and physical properties of reservoirs in different tectonic sub-units through integrated analysis of log and rock data,along with core observation.A mechanism for deep reservoir formation in lacustrine rift basins was developed to elucidate the sedimentary and diagenetic processes in complex tectonic settings.The results show that tectonic activities result in the occurrence of provenances in multiple directions and the existence of reservoirs at varying burial depths,as well as the significant diversity in sedimentary and diagenetic processes.The grain sizes of the sandstones,influenced by transport pathways rather than the topography of the sedimentary area,exhibit spatial complexity due to tectonic frameworks,which determine the initial pore content of reservoirs.However,the burial depth,influenced by subsequent tectonic subsidence,significantly impacts pore evolution during diagenesis.Based on the significant differences of reservoirs in slope zone,low uplift and depression zone,we establish different tectonic-diagenetic models in deep complex tectonic units of lacustrine rift basins.展开更多
Dry reforming of methane(DRM)has gained significant attention as a promising route to convert two major greenhouse gases(CO_(2) and CH4)to syngas.The development of efficient catalysts is critical for the engineering ...Dry reforming of methane(DRM)has gained significant attention as a promising route to convert two major greenhouse gases(CO_(2) and CH4)to syngas.The development of efficient catalysts is critical for the engineering applications.In this study,the Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)/ZSM-5 composites with different oxygen vacancy concentrations were synthesized by tuning the Ce/Zr ratio,followed by the deposition of metal Ni to island-like Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)on ZSM-5,forming a variety of Ni-Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)/ZSM-5 catalysts,which were applied for the DRM reaction under 750◦C.Combined with various characterizations,it was found that the oxygen vacancy concentration illustrated the volcanic tendency with the decreased Ce/Zr ratio,and the interaction between metal Ni and Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)exhibited a positive relationship with oxygen vacancy concentration.The enhanced between Ni and Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)interaction could improve the strength and amount of Ni-O-M(M=Ce/Zr)species,making the d-band centers of catalysts closer to the Fermi energy level,which was beneficial to the CH4 and CO_(2) activation,along with the improved capacity to resist sintering and coking.Especially,the C1Z3(Ni-Ce0.25Zr0.75O_(2)/ZSM-5)catalyst with the Ce/Zr ratio of 1/3 demonstrated the optimal catalytic performance with 91.9%CH4 and 93.8%CO_(2) conversions within 50 h,accompanied by the best structural and catalytic stability after 100 h.In-situ DRIFTS was employed to study the reaction path and mechanism,discovering that significant amounts of strengthened Ni-O-M species were conducive to activating adsorbed CH4 and CO_(2),and desorbing the linear CO species.展开更多
A novel Cu−4.8Cr−2.2Nb−0.15Y(at.%)alloy was fabricated by employing the laser powder bed fusion with different processing parameters.The influence of laser power(P),scanning speed(v),and laser linear energy density(El...A novel Cu−4.8Cr−2.2Nb−0.15Y(at.%)alloy was fabricated by employing the laser powder bed fusion with different processing parameters.The influence of laser power(P),scanning speed(v),and laser linear energy density(El)on the defects,melt pool morphology,microstructure,and properties of the alloy was systematically investigated.The results show that the optimized process parameters for preparing Cu−Cr−Nb−Y alloy with relative density over 99.5%are P=300−350 W and v=650−800 mm/s,corresponding to El=0.375−0.538 J/mm.When E_(l)<0.3 J/mm,increasing P or decreasing v can enhance the continuity and size of the melt pool,reduce the lack-of-fusion defects,and increase the relative density.However,excessively high E_(l)leads to a deeper melt pool,more keyholes,and reduced relative density.The grain size of the as-built Cu−Cr−Nb−Y alloy shows a bimodal distribution,with fine grains at the center and coarse grains at the edge of the melt pool.Increasing P or decreasing v increases the average grain size and(110)texture intensity.The alloy fabricated with P=350 W and v=800 mm/s displays the highest relative density of 99.82%.The yield strength,tensile strength,and elongation are(443±5)MPa,(699±4)MPa,and(17.1±0.7)%,respectively.展开更多
背景混合痔术后便秘是常见且影响患者生活质量的并发症,常规的术后护理措施往往无法有效缓解这一问题.多学科协作的多元素干预措施通过围手术期的饮食指导、药物干预及家属参与,能综合改善患者的术后恢复情况.本研究假设,实施多学科协...背景混合痔术后便秘是常见且影响患者生活质量的并发症,常规的术后护理措施往往无法有效缓解这一问题.多学科协作的多元素干预措施通过围手术期的饮食指导、药物干预及家属参与,能综合改善患者的术后恢复情况.本研究假设,实施多学科协作干预能够显著缩短便秘患者术后恢复时间、降低并发症发生率、提高患者的生活质量与满意度,为临床护理提供新思路.目的探讨基于多学科协作的多元素干预措施在混合痔术后便秘患者中的应用效果.方法选取2024-01/2024-12在瑞安市人民医院接受混合痔手术治疗的111例便秘患者,随机分为观察组(n=62)和对照组(n=49).对照组接受常规术后便秘防治措施,包括术后常规指导及对症通便治疗.观察组在对照组基础上,实施多学科协作的多元素干预措施,包括围手术期超前饮食干预、指导家属合理饮食搭配、术后排便药物干预等.比较两组患者的一般临床资料、术后临床症状恢复情况、便秘症状评分(Constipation Symptom Score,CSS)、简明健康状况调查问卷36条评分(Short Form 36 Health Survey,SF-36)评估生活质量、术后并发症发生情况及治疗满意度.结果与对照组相比,观察组患者首次排便时间、疼痛消失时间、出血消失时间、水肿消失时间及创面愈合时间均显著缩短(P<0.05);干预后及术后三个月CSS评分显著降低(P<0.05);干预后及术后三个月SF-36评分显著提高(P<0.05);术后出血、感染和便秘发生率显著降低(P<0.05);治疗总满意度显著提高(P<0.05).结论基于多学科协作的多元素干预能有效改善混合痔术后便秘患者的临床症状、提高生活质量、降低并发症发生率,并提升患者满意度,值得临床推广应用.展开更多
Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomime...Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomimetic scaffold aimed at facilitating rapid and scarless wound healing.This highly in-tegrated 3D-printed dermal scaffold comprised modified recombinant human type III collagen(rhCOLIII-MA),gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),and liposomes encapsulating SB431542 to target TGF-β1(Lip@SB).The rhCOLIII-MA/GelMA(CG)scaffold retained inherent biomaterial characteristics,exhibited tailored physicochemical properties,and demonstrated favorable biocompatibility.Moreover,the Lip@SB-loaded CG scaffold(CGL)effectively promoted in vitro wound healing,while enabling controlled release of SB431542 to inhibit pathological collagen deposition.In a full-thickness skin defect rat model,the CGL dermal scaffold combined with split-thickness skin graft(STSG)minimized scar contraction,stimulated functional neovascularization,and enhanced graft aesthetics comparable to normal skin.Remarkably,the performance of the CGL scaffold surpassed that of commercially available anti-scarring alternatives.This innovative strategy presents a straightforward approach toward scarless skin regeneration and holds promise in alleviating the prolonged,painful postoperative rehabilitation.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1001500)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YFYZ0007,2024NSFSC0298,SCCXTD-2025-8)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32421005)。
文摘The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.A growing body of evidence reveals that variations in the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbes are closely associated with differences in adipose tissue deposition across species.Notably,increased abundance of Firmicutes and a reduced proportion of Bacteroidetes and butyrate-producing bacteria have been linked to enhanced fat accumulation.Key microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)influence lipid metabolism through multiple pathways,including the activation of GPR41/43 receptors,modulation of the bile acid–FXR/TGR5 axis,and regulation of hepatic lipogenesis.Additionally,the gut–brain axis plays a critical role in controlling feeding behavior via neuroendocrine signaling.This review summarizes current advances in understanding the roles of dominant bacterial phyla and beneficial genera—including Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii—in fat metabolism.We further explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota modulate lipid synthesis and catabolism through SCFA production,bile acid signaling,and AMPK/PPAR-related pathways.These insights highlight the potential of microbiota-targeted strategies to restore lipid metabolic balance,offering novel opportunities for applications in health management,nutritional interventions,and microbial therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(grant number 32422082)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province(grant number 2025JC-QYXQ-009)。
文摘Background Ruminants and monogastric animals exhibit significant differences in gluconeogenic efficiency.In dairy cows,hepatic gluconeogenesis serves as the primary source of glucose.Metabolites modulate gluconeogenesis efficiency through allosteric regulation,redox state,and signal transduction pathways.However,the liver-enriched metabolites that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows and their specific regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely characterized.Results Six Holstein dairy cows and six Duroc×(Landrace×Yorkshire)(DLY)crossbred pigs served as research subjects.Employing non-targeted and targeted metabolomics,we discovered that three bile acids—taurodeoxycholic acid(TDCA),taurocholic acid(TCA),and glycocholic acid(GCA)—were highly enriched in Holstein dairy cows'livers.In bovine hepatocytes,individual or combined stimulation of these bile acids significantly upregulated the expression of gluconeogenesis genes(FBP1,PCK1 and G6PC)and enhanced glucose production.In fasting mice with induced gluconeogenesis,TDCA,TCA,and GCA increased fasting blood glucose levels,and pyruvate tolerance tests further revealed their capacity to enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis,enabling more efficient glucose synthesis from pyruvate.Mechanistically,these bile acids activated Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),elevated intracellular cAMP levels,and ultimately enhanced gluconeogenesis via the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB).Notably,a TGR5 inhibitor abrogated the stimulatory effects of TDCA,TCA,and GCA on hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting mice.Conclusion TDCA,TCA,and GCA are key metabolites promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis in dairy cows,with TGR5 as the pivotal receptor and the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway as the critical downstream mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52021005,52325904,and 51991391)。
文摘Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金supported by the Tiangsu Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.JSKX 0225089).
文摘The low-pressure and low-density conditions encountered at high altitudes significantly reduce the operating Reynolds number of micro radial-flow turbines,frequently bringing it below the self-similarity critical threshold of 3.5×10^(4).This departure undermines the applicability of conventional similarity-based design approaches.In this study,micro radial-flow turbines with rotor diameters below 50 mm are investigated through a combined approach integrating high-fidelity numerical simulations with experimental validation,aiming to elucidate the mechanisms by which low Reynolds numbers influence aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance.The results demonstrate that decreasing Reynolds number leads to boundary-layer thickening on blade surfaces,enhanced flow separation on the suction side,and increased secondary-flow losses within the blade passages.These effects jointly produce a pronounced and non-linear deterioration of turbine efficiency.Geometric scaling analysis further indicates that efficiency losses intensify with decreasing turbine size,and become particularly severe at low rotational speeds and high expansion ratios.Detailed flow-field analyses reveal a direct link between the degradation of blade loading distribution and the amplification of transverse pressure gradients under low-Reynolds-number conditions,providing physical insight into the observed performance decline.
基金funded by Shanghai Yangpu District Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.YPQ202303(Xuejing Lin))Shanghai Yangpu Hospital Foundation(Grant No.Se1202420(Wenchao Wang)and Ye1202423(Juan Huang)).
文摘Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.This study aimed to identify key genes involved in HCC development and elucidate their molecular mechanisms,with a particular focus on mitochondrial function and apoptosis.Methods:Differential expression analyses were performed across three datasets—The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma(LIHC),GSE36076,and GSE95698—to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A prognostic risk model was then constructed.Cysteine/serine-rich nuclear protein 1(CSRNP1)expression levels in HCC cell lines were assessed via western blot(WB)and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The effects of CSRNP1 knockdown or overexpression on cell proliferation,migration,and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting-8(CCK-8)assays,Transwell assays,and flow cytometry.Mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy,and intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mROS)levels were measured using specific fluorescent probes.WB was used to assess activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,and pathway dependence was examined using the ROS scavenger N-Acetylcysteine(NAC)and the JNK inhibitor SP600125.Results:A six-gene prognostic model was established,comprising downregulated genes(NR4A1 and CSRNP1)and upregulated genes(CENPQ,YAE1,FANCF,and POC5)in HCC.Functional experiments revealed that CSRNP1 knockdown promoted the proliferation of HCC cells and suppressed their apoptosis.Conversely,CSRNP1 overexpression impaired mitochondrial integrity,increased both mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ROS levels,and activated the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway.Notably,treatment with NAC or SP600125 attenuated CSRNP1-induced MAPK activation and apoptosis.Conclusion:CSRNP1 is a novel prognostic biomarker and tumor suppressor in HCC.It exerts anti-tumor effects by inducing oxidative stress and activating the JNK/p38 MAPK pathway in a ROS-dependent manner.These findings suggest that CSRNP1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the management of HCC.
基金supported by the Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Initiative(202423i08050051)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2408085MB029)+1 种基金the HFIPS Director’s Fund(YZJJGGZX202201)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(B2024402018)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are currently confronted with the challenge of achieving long-term cyclic stability under high current densities.This issue is primarily attributed to the excessive growth of dendrites and the occurrence of significant side reactions.Herein,sucralose(SCL),as an electrolyte additive,has been used to promote the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.The introduction of SCL can adjust the Zn~(2+)nucleation and diffusion along different crystal facets,promoting the exposure of the Zn(002)texture.By substituting water molecules in the[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]~(2+),SCL reconfigures the hydrogen bond network in the electrolyte,reconstructing the solvation structure and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction.Consequently,the Zn//Zn symmetric battery exhibits long-term cycling stability of over 4900 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)-1 mAh cm^(-2).Even at a harsh condition of 30 mA cm^(-2)-30 mAh cm^(-2)(DOD=73.3%),it can stably cycle for 171 h.The CE of the Zn//Cu half battery reaches 99.61% at 0.2 mA cm^(-2)with 0.2 mAh cm^(-2).Employing the optimized electrolyte,after 500 cycles,a high specific capacity of 420 mAh g^(-1)can be retained for the NH_4V_4O_(10)//Zn full battery at 500 mA g^(-1),corresponding to a capacity retention of 90.7%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871049 and 32170984).
文摘Misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)hallmarks the neuropathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease(PD)and acts as a"pathological seed"that promotes the progression of the disease[1].About 15%of PD patients have a family history,5%-10%have a monogenic disorder with a Mendelian pattern of inheritance[2],and>90 independent risk signals identified by genome-wide association studies(GWASs)can be used to explain the non-monogenic risk of PD[3].
文摘结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是全球高发恶性肿瘤,老年人群的发病率和死亡率居高,随着老龄化的加剧,老年CRC患者也逐年增多。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)等机构调查^([1-2])显示,65岁及以上人群CRC的发病率远超其他年龄段,严重影响老年人健康与生活。目前,手术仍是CRC主要治疗手段,部分患者则因病情或手术需要接受永久/临时性造口(人工肛门)。
基金support of the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2022-040)"Chunhui Plan"Collaborative Research Project by the Ministry of Education of China(HZKY20220507)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104338)Applied Fundamental Research Programs of Shanxi Province(202303021221036)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(SDCX-ZG-202303027,SDBX2023054).
文摘In 316L austenitic stainless steel,the presence of ferrite phase severely affects the non-magnetic properties.316L austenitic stainless steel with low-alloy type(L-316L)and high-alloy type(H-316L)has been studied.The microstructure and solidification kinetics of the two as-cast grades were in situ observed by high temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy(HT-CLSM).There are significant differences in the as-cast microstructures of the two 316L stainless steel compositions.In L-316L steel,ferrite morphology appears as the short rods with a ferrite content of 6.98%,forming a dual-phase microstructure consisting of austenite and ferrite.Conversely,in H-316L steel,the ferrite appears as discontinuous network structures with a content of 4.41%,forming a microstructure composed of austenite and sigma(σ)phase.The alloying elements in H-316L steel exhibit a complex distribution,with Ni and Mo enriching at the austenite grain boundaries.HT-CLSM experiments provide the real-time observation of the solidification processes of both 316L specimens and reveal distinct solidification modes:L-316L steel solidifies in an FA mode,whereas H-316L steel solidifies in an AF mode.These differences result in ferrite and austenite predominantly serving as the nucleation and growth phases,respectively.The solidification mode observed by experiments is similar to the thermodynamic calculation results.The L-316L steel solidified in the FA mode and showed minimal element segregation,which lead to a direct transformation of ferrite to austenite phase(δ→γ)during phase transformation after solidification.Besides,the H-316L steel solidified in the AF mode and showed severe element segregation,which lead to Mo enrichment at grain boundaries and transformation of ferrite into sigma and austenite phases through the eutectoid reaction(δ→σ+γ).
基金funded by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.MGE2020KG10)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant No.KLSG 2208)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-227,2023-JC-QN-0287)the Postgraduate Innovation and Practice Ability Development Fund of Xi'an Shiyou University(No.YCS23113046)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41802128,42076219)。
文摘Tectonic activities significantly impact deep reservoir properties via sedimentary and diagenetic processes,and this is particularly true for lacustrine rift basins.The tectonic-sedimentary-diageneticreservoir system is crucial in deep reservoir exploration.This study examined the first member and upper submember of the second member of the Dongying Formation in the Bodong Low Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin(East China),documenting the petrologic features and physical properties of reservoirs in different tectonic sub-units through integrated analysis of log and rock data,along with core observation.A mechanism for deep reservoir formation in lacustrine rift basins was developed to elucidate the sedimentary and diagenetic processes in complex tectonic settings.The results show that tectonic activities result in the occurrence of provenances in multiple directions and the existence of reservoirs at varying burial depths,as well as the significant diversity in sedimentary and diagenetic processes.The grain sizes of the sandstones,influenced by transport pathways rather than the topography of the sedimentary area,exhibit spatial complexity due to tectonic frameworks,which determine the initial pore content of reservoirs.However,the burial depth,influenced by subsequent tectonic subsidence,significantly impacts pore evolution during diagenesis.Based on the significant differences of reservoirs in slope zone,low uplift and depression zone,we establish different tectonic-diagenetic models in deep complex tectonic units of lacustrine rift basins.
基金the following financial supports:National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075225 and 22038011)Innovative Scientific Program of CNNC,State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization,Taiyuan University of Technology(MJNYSKL202401,MJNYSKL202404).
文摘Dry reforming of methane(DRM)has gained significant attention as a promising route to convert two major greenhouse gases(CO_(2) and CH4)to syngas.The development of efficient catalysts is critical for the engineering applications.In this study,the Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)/ZSM-5 composites with different oxygen vacancy concentrations were synthesized by tuning the Ce/Zr ratio,followed by the deposition of metal Ni to island-like Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)on ZSM-5,forming a variety of Ni-Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)/ZSM-5 catalysts,which were applied for the DRM reaction under 750◦C.Combined with various characterizations,it was found that the oxygen vacancy concentration illustrated the volcanic tendency with the decreased Ce/Zr ratio,and the interaction between metal Ni and Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)exhibited a positive relationship with oxygen vacancy concentration.The enhanced between Ni and Ce_(x)Zr_(1-x)O_(2)interaction could improve the strength and amount of Ni-O-M(M=Ce/Zr)species,making the d-band centers of catalysts closer to the Fermi energy level,which was beneficial to the CH4 and CO_(2) activation,along with the improved capacity to resist sintering and coking.Especially,the C1Z3(Ni-Ce0.25Zr0.75O_(2)/ZSM-5)catalyst with the Ce/Zr ratio of 1/3 demonstrated the optimal catalytic performance with 91.9%CH4 and 93.8%CO_(2) conversions within 50 h,accompanied by the best structural and catalytic stability after 100 h.In-situ DRIFTS was employed to study the reaction path and mechanism,discovering that significant amounts of strengthened Ni-O-M species were conducive to activating adsorbed CH4 and CO_(2),and desorbing the linear CO species.
基金financially supported by the Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(Nos.2019-XZ-11 and 2023-XY-18)the Open Fund of National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials of China(No.HKDNM201907)。
文摘A novel Cu−4.8Cr−2.2Nb−0.15Y(at.%)alloy was fabricated by employing the laser powder bed fusion with different processing parameters.The influence of laser power(P),scanning speed(v),and laser linear energy density(El)on the defects,melt pool morphology,microstructure,and properties of the alloy was systematically investigated.The results show that the optimized process parameters for preparing Cu−Cr−Nb−Y alloy with relative density over 99.5%are P=300−350 W and v=650−800 mm/s,corresponding to El=0.375−0.538 J/mm.When E_(l)<0.3 J/mm,increasing P or decreasing v can enhance the continuity and size of the melt pool,reduce the lack-of-fusion defects,and increase the relative density.However,excessively high E_(l)leads to a deeper melt pool,more keyholes,and reduced relative density.The grain size of the as-built Cu−Cr−Nb−Y alloy shows a bimodal distribution,with fine grains at the center and coarse grains at the edge of the melt pool.Increasing P or decreasing v increases the average grain size and(110)texture intensity.The alloy fabricated with P=350 W and v=800 mm/s displays the highest relative density of 99.82%.The yield strength,tensile strength,and elongation are(443±5)MPa,(699±4)MPa,and(17.1±0.7)%,respectively.
文摘背景混合痔术后便秘是常见且影响患者生活质量的并发症,常规的术后护理措施往往无法有效缓解这一问题.多学科协作的多元素干预措施通过围手术期的饮食指导、药物干预及家属参与,能综合改善患者的术后恢复情况.本研究假设,实施多学科协作干预能够显著缩短便秘患者术后恢复时间、降低并发症发生率、提高患者的生活质量与满意度,为临床护理提供新思路.目的探讨基于多学科协作的多元素干预措施在混合痔术后便秘患者中的应用效果.方法选取2024-01/2024-12在瑞安市人民医院接受混合痔手术治疗的111例便秘患者,随机分为观察组(n=62)和对照组(n=49).对照组接受常规术后便秘防治措施,包括术后常规指导及对症通便治疗.观察组在对照组基础上,实施多学科协作的多元素干预措施,包括围手术期超前饮食干预、指导家属合理饮食搭配、术后排便药物干预等.比较两组患者的一般临床资料、术后临床症状恢复情况、便秘症状评分(Constipation Symptom Score,CSS)、简明健康状况调查问卷36条评分(Short Form 36 Health Survey,SF-36)评估生活质量、术后并发症发生情况及治疗满意度.结果与对照组相比,观察组患者首次排便时间、疼痛消失时间、出血消失时间、水肿消失时间及创面愈合时间均显著缩短(P<0.05);干预后及术后三个月CSS评分显著降低(P<0.05);干预后及术后三个月SF-36评分显著提高(P<0.05);术后出血、感染和便秘发生率显著降低(P<0.05);治疗总满意度显著提高(P<0.05).结论基于多学科协作的多元素干预能有效改善混合痔术后便秘患者的临床症状、提高生活质量、降低并发症发生率,并提升患者满意度,值得临床推广应用.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272297).
文摘Abnormal wound scarring often leads to functional impairments and cosmetic deformities,primarily driven by the prolonged activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.Addressing this challenge,we developed a biomimetic scaffold aimed at facilitating rapid and scarless wound healing.This highly in-tegrated 3D-printed dermal scaffold comprised modified recombinant human type III collagen(rhCOLIII-MA),gelatin methacrylate(GelMA),and liposomes encapsulating SB431542 to target TGF-β1(Lip@SB).The rhCOLIII-MA/GelMA(CG)scaffold retained inherent biomaterial characteristics,exhibited tailored physicochemical properties,and demonstrated favorable biocompatibility.Moreover,the Lip@SB-loaded CG scaffold(CGL)effectively promoted in vitro wound healing,while enabling controlled release of SB431542 to inhibit pathological collagen deposition.In a full-thickness skin defect rat model,the CGL dermal scaffold combined with split-thickness skin graft(STSG)minimized scar contraction,stimulated functional neovascularization,and enhanced graft aesthetics comparable to normal skin.Remarkably,the performance of the CGL scaffold surpassed that of commercially available anti-scarring alternatives.This innovative strategy presents a straightforward approach toward scarless skin regeneration and holds promise in alleviating the prolonged,painful postoperative rehabilitation.
