Under the background of resource shortage and global warming,it is of great significance to explore the status,influencing factors and carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling in China after the implementat...Under the background of resource shortage and global warming,it is of great significance to explore the status,influencing factors and carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling in China after the implementation of new waste classification policy for guiding waste classification and carbon emission accounting.In this research,the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of waste recycling were studied from subdistrict level,life-cycle carbon emission reduction was predicted and policy suggestions for waste recycling were proposed.The results showed that after the implementation of new waste classification policy,the amount of recycled waste and the proportion of low-value recycled waste increased by 420.93 t and 2.29%per month on average,respectively.The district center has the largest amount of recycled waste.Income was the main factors affecting waste recycling,and online shopping and takeout could become important sources of recyclable waste.Accounting cradle-to-grave life cycle carbon footprint,waste plastics takes up the most contribution,accounting for 39.11%,and nearly 391.68 Mt CO_(2eq) would be reduced by waste recycling in China by 2030.Therefore,in the process of waste classification,refining waste classification to increase the amount of low-value recyclables,and rationally deploying collection and transportation vehicles to ensure efficient waste recycling are of great significance to achieve the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.展开更多
Large-scale hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)single crystals are highly desirable not only as the substrate or dielectric for van der Waals heterostructures,but also the promising candidates in optoelectronics,electronics...Large-scale hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)single crystals are highly desirable not only as the substrate or dielectric for van der Waals heterostructures,but also the promising candidates in optoelectronics,electronics,detectors,as well as recently boomed room-temperature single-photon sources.Here,we report the synthesis of centimeter-scale single-crystal h-BN films with hundreds of micrometer thickness via the metal flux method.The growth control along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions of h-BN crystals is realized by the adjustment of NiCr alloy composition,from which the limited solubility of N atoms can be promoted by high diffusion in molten reactants.This also benefits to forming a distinct interface between the synthesized h-BN crystals and the metal ingot,giving rise to an easy exfoliation of the large area high-quality thick films.Such h-BN crystals have been demonstrated as both self-powered flexible and rigid vacuum-ultraviolet photodetectors,allowing for efficient photodetection in terms of high responsivity,rapid response speed,and high operational temperature.A maximum photoresponsivity of 3.35 mA/W is achieved at a wavelength of 185 nm with an operational temperature spanning to 500℃(and possibly beyond).The large-area freestanding h-BN single crystal described herein reveals great potential as a high-performance photodetector,and versatile platform for other superb electronic and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Photocatalysis-self-Fenton system,i.e.,photo-catalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and utilization in situ for OH radials production to remove organic pollutants with high-fluent degradation and mineralization performance po...Photocatalysis-self-Fenton system,i.e.,photo-catalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and utilization in situ for OH radials production to remove organic pollutants with high-fluent degradation and mineralization performance pos-sesses such advantages as cleanliness,efficiency and safety.However,its degradation activity always suffers from the Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle.For this reason,graphitic carbon interface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)(CUCN)was fabricated to remarkably improve photocatalysis-self-Fenton degra-dation activity.The experiment results indicated that CUCN-2%photocatalyst,in which the loading percentage of graphitic carbon was 2%,demonstrated the optimum degradation performance among all the counterparts.The mineralization degree for RhB in 3 h over CUCN-2%reached 63.77%,nearly 3.35-fold higher than the pristine g-C_(3)N_(4).The significantly improved mineralization efficiency was ascribed to the promoted Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle by photogenerated electrons,which leading to the higher utilization efficiency of H_(2)O_(2)through Fenton reaction,thereby producing more hydroxyl radicals.It is anticipated that our work could provide new insights for the design of photocatalysis-self-Fenton system with exceptional degradation performance for actual photocat-alytic applications.展开更多
Remyelination failure is one of the main characteristics of multiple sclerosis and is potentially correlated with disease progression.Previous research has shown that the extracellular matrix is associated with remyel...Remyelination failure is one of the main characteristics of multiple sclerosis and is potentially correlated with disease progression.Previous research has shown that the extracellular matrix is associated with remyelination failure because remodeling of the matrix often fails in both chronic and progressive multiple sclerosis.Fibronectin aggregates are assembled and persistently exist in chronic multiple sclerosis,thus inhibiting remyelination.Although many advances have been made in the mechanisms and treatment of multiple sclerosis,it remains very difficult for drugs to reach pathological brain tissues;this is due to the complexity of brain structure and function,especially the existence of the blood-brain barrier.Therefore,herein,we review the effects of fibronectin aggregates on multiple sclerosis and the efficacy of different forms of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of this disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)...BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of keen articular cartilage injury remains poorly understood. AIM To measure the levels of inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF] in patients with knee articular cartilage injury. METHODS Fifty-five patients with knee articular cartilage injury were selected as patient groups, who were divided into three grades [mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 19) and severe (n = 16)] according to disease severity and X-ray examinations. Meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF were measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, patient groups displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF, and the extent of increase was directly proportional to the severity of injury (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in the synovial membrane were significantly increased, along with increased disease severity (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster University of Orthopaedic Index in patient groups were 2.26 ± 1.13 and 15.56 ± 7.12 points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (6.98 ± 1.32 and 49.48 ± 8.96). Correlation analysis suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with VEGF. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF levels are increased in patients with knee articular cartilage injury, and are associated with the disease severity, indicating they might play an important role in the occurrence and development of knee articular cartilage injury. Furthermore, therapeutically targeting them might be a novel approach for the treatment of keen articular cartilage injury.展开更多
The two-stream convolutional neural network exhibits excellent performance in the video action recognition.The crux of the matter is to use the frames already clipped by the videos and the optical flow images pre-extr...The two-stream convolutional neural network exhibits excellent performance in the video action recognition.The crux of the matter is to use the frames already clipped by the videos and the optical flow images pre-extracted by the frames,to train a model each,and to finally integrate the outputs of the two models.Nevertheless,the reliance on the pre-extraction of the optical flow impedes the efficiency of action recognition,and the temporal and the spatial streams are just simply fused at the ends,with one stream failing and the other stream succeeding.We propose a novel hidden two-stream collaborative(HTSC)learning network that masks the steps of extracting the optical flow in the network and greatly speeds up the action recognition.Based on the two-stream method,the two-stream collaborative learning model captures the interaction of the temporal and spatial features to greatly enhance the accuracy of recognition.Our proposed method is highly capable of achieving the balance of efficiency and precision on large-scale video action recognition datasets.展开更多
Reconstructing meandering paleo-channels is attracting global research attention. We implemented a novel method by comprehensively integrating migration models and sedimentary structures. Firstly, the migration archit...Reconstructing meandering paleo-channels is attracting global research attention. We implemented a novel method by comprehensively integrating migration models and sedimentary structures. Firstly, the migration architectures of the corresponding characteristics in planform and cross-sectional models were summarised as expansion, translation, expansion and translation, expansion and downstream rotation, constriction and downstream rotation, and expansion and countercurrent rotation models. Secondly, full continuous core data from 270 dense drilling wells were collected from the Daqing Oil Field in the Songliao Basin, China, providing information on rock textures, sedimentary cycles, and boundary information for the two layers being studied. Through a comprehensive analysis of dense drill cores and logging data, the abandoned channels and the initial and final channel centrelines were identified. Consequently, four profiles, including one longitudinal and three transverse sections, were constructed to reveal the cross-sectional structures and planform migration architecture. Profile interpretation revealed the evolution from the initial channel centreline to the final centreline. Using a method of rational interpolation, we were able to reconstruct the migration architecture of the meandering channels. The results showed that the average ancient bankfull width(Wc) was approximately 100 m, a single meandering belt was800 m, the radius of the curvature was 250 m, the length of the channel bend was 700 m, the average meander wavelength was 1300 m, the sinuosity was 3.0, and the annual average discharge rate was 450 m3/s. Furthermore, we compared the results from empirical equations, which verified that our reconstruction is both feasible and potentially widely applicable.展开更多
This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MB...This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MBAs are fabricated by a micro-fabrication technique. The ultrathin CuInS2 nanosheets are grown on the 3 D electrodes by solvothermal transformation of Cu film. The photocurrent density of 3 D photocathode(CuInS2@MBAs) is about two times higher than that of the planar counterpart(CuInS2@Planar). The improved PEC performance can be ascribed to the elevated light trapping ability and the increased surface area for loading photocatalysts. In addition, CdS quantum dots as cocatalysts are modified onto the Cu In S2 nanosheets to further enhance the PEC activity because the formed p-n heterojunction can accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the 3 D photocathode of CuInS2/CdS@MBAs shows an optimal incident photon to current efficiency of 10% at the wavelength of400 nm. It is believed that this work can be generalized to design other hierarchical 3 D photoelectrodes for improved solar water splitting.展开更多
Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy...Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.展开更多
Traumatic penumbra(TP)is a region with recoverable potential around the primary lesion of brain injury.Rapid and accurate imaging for identifying TP is essential for treating traumatic brain injury(TBI).In this study,...Traumatic penumbra(TP)is a region with recoverable potential around the primary lesion of brain injury.Rapid and accurate imaging for identifying TP is essential for treating traumatic brain injury(TBI).In this study,we first established traumatic brain injuries(TBIs)in rats using a modified Feeney method,followed by label-free imaging of brain tissue sections with multiphoton fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that the technique effectively imaged normal and traumatic brain tissues,and revealed pathological features such as extracellular matrix changes,vascular cell proliferation,and intracellular edema in the traumatic penumbra.Compared with normal brain tissue,the extracellular matrix in the TP was sparse,cells were disorganized,and hyperplastic vascular cells emitted higher two-photon excited fluorescence(TPEF)signals.Our research demonstrates the potential of multiphoton fluorescence technology in the rapid diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of TBI.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)with varied frequencies on headache and anxiety-depression symptoms in patients with migraine and to screen optimal frequency of EA for patientswith such condi...Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)with varied frequencies on headache and anxiety-depression symptoms in patients with migraine and to screen optimal frequency of EA for patientswith such conditions.Design:Single-center,randomized,controlled clinical trial was designed,and the outcome assessors and statisticians were blinded.The patients with migraine were randomized into 2 Hz EA group,100 Hz EA group and sham-stimulation group.In each group,the changes in migraine attacks,days with headache,the scores of visual analogy scale(VAS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS)and migraine-specific quality-of-life questionnaire(MsQ),as well as the dosage of analgesics were observed at the baseline,during treatment,in 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up separately.Setting:Patients were enrolled in the Third Afiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,between 1st August 2018 and 31st July 2021.Participants:Sixty-five migraine patients with or without aura.Interventions:In the EA groups,the acupoints were bilateral Fengchi(GB20),Gongxue(Extra),Sizhukong(TE23),Taiyang(EX-HN5),Shuaigu(GB8),Waiguan(TE5)and Yanglingquan(GB34).Electric stimulation was exerted at GB20 and Gongxue(Extra),with 2 Hz and 100 Hz separately.In the sham-stimulation group,the shallow acupuncture was operated at the sites 1 cm lateral to GB20 and Gongxue(Extra),and on the radial side of TE5 and GB34.The output wires were cut off after attached to the acupoints.The patients in each group received the treatment 3 times weekly,once every two days,for consecutive 4 weeks.The complete intervention was composed of 12 treatments.Main outcome measures:Changes in numbers of migraine attacks at treatment phase(week 1 to week 4)from the baseline(week-4 to week 0)in patients of each group Kesults:(1)Cnangesinmigraineattacks anadays witnneaaacne:intneZ Hz EA anaIuu Hz EA groups the changes of migraine attacks and days of headache were higher significantlyywhencomparedwith that in the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between two EA groups.(2)Changes of VAS score:In the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA groups,the changes of VAS score were significantly higher when compared with that in the sham-stimulation group during the treatment stage(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between two EA groups.(3)Assessment of anxiety and depression:The differences in the changes of SAS and sDS scores had no statistical significance among the three groups at each assessment stage(P>0.05).(4)Assessment on the quality of life:Compared with the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage,the MsQ score were increased significantly during treatment in patients of the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA groups(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between two EA groups.(5)Assessment on safety and compliance:The patients of each group had sound compliance.There was no adverse events during trial,suggesting promising safety of treatment.Conclusion:EA may effectively reduce the migraine attacks,and the days and intensity of headache,presenting promising safety.However,there was no significant improvement on anxiety-depression symptoms,and no significant difference between high and low frequencies of EA treatment in relieving headache and anxiety/depression symptoms in the patients with migraine.展开更多
基金supported by the Construction of Environmental Science and Engineering Discipline for the Goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Funding comes from Beijing Forestry University(No.2022XKJS0207).
文摘Under the background of resource shortage and global warming,it is of great significance to explore the status,influencing factors and carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling in China after the implementation of new waste classification policy for guiding waste classification and carbon emission accounting.In this research,the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of waste recycling were studied from subdistrict level,life-cycle carbon emission reduction was predicted and policy suggestions for waste recycling were proposed.The results showed that after the implementation of new waste classification policy,the amount of recycled waste and the proportion of low-value recycled waste increased by 420.93 t and 2.29%per month on average,respectively.The district center has the largest amount of recycled waste.Income was the main factors affecting waste recycling,and online shopping and takeout could become important sources of recyclable waste.Accounting cradle-to-grave life cycle carbon footprint,waste plastics takes up the most contribution,accounting for 39.11%,and nearly 391.68 Mt CO_(2eq) would be reduced by waste recycling in China by 2030.Therefore,in the process of waste classification,refining waste classification to increase the amount of low-value recyclables,and rationally deploying collection and transportation vehicles to ensure efficient waste recycling are of great significance to achieve the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12335011,52072140,12075045,and 51872113)financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Nos.20230101119JC and SKL202302008)the Key R&D Project of Scientific Development Department of Jilin Province of China(20240302099GX).
文摘Large-scale hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)single crystals are highly desirable not only as the substrate or dielectric for van der Waals heterostructures,but also the promising candidates in optoelectronics,electronics,detectors,as well as recently boomed room-temperature single-photon sources.Here,we report the synthesis of centimeter-scale single-crystal h-BN films with hundreds of micrometer thickness via the metal flux method.The growth control along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions of h-BN crystals is realized by the adjustment of NiCr alloy composition,from which the limited solubility of N atoms can be promoted by high diffusion in molten reactants.This also benefits to forming a distinct interface between the synthesized h-BN crystals and the metal ingot,giving rise to an easy exfoliation of the large area high-quality thick films.Such h-BN crystals have been demonstrated as both self-powered flexible and rigid vacuum-ultraviolet photodetectors,allowing for efficient photodetection in terms of high responsivity,rapid response speed,and high operational temperature.A maximum photoresponsivity of 3.35 mA/W is achieved at a wavelength of 185 nm with an operational temperature spanning to 500℃(and possibly beyond).The large-area freestanding h-BN single crystal described herein reveals great potential as a high-performance photodetector,and versatile platform for other superb electronic and optoelectronic devices.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21906132)Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Nos. 2020YFG0158 and 2020YFH0162)Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Livestock Manure Treatment and Recycling (Sichuan Normal University) (No. 202104)
文摘Photocatalysis-self-Fenton system,i.e.,photo-catalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and utilization in situ for OH radials production to remove organic pollutants with high-fluent degradation and mineralization performance pos-sesses such advantages as cleanliness,efficiency and safety.However,its degradation activity always suffers from the Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle.For this reason,graphitic carbon interface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)(CUCN)was fabricated to remarkably improve photocatalysis-self-Fenton degra-dation activity.The experiment results indicated that CUCN-2%photocatalyst,in which the loading percentage of graphitic carbon was 2%,demonstrated the optimum degradation performance among all the counterparts.The mineralization degree for RhB in 3 h over CUCN-2%reached 63.77%,nearly 3.35-fold higher than the pristine g-C_(3)N_(4).The significantly improved mineralization efficiency was ascribed to the promoted Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle by photogenerated electrons,which leading to the higher utilization efficiency of H_(2)O_(2)through Fenton reaction,thereby producing more hydroxyl radicals.It is anticipated that our work could provide new insights for the design of photocatalysis-self-Fenton system with exceptional degradation performance for actual photocat-alytic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82001282(to PW)and 81960232(to PW)Overseas Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Individual Project of Ningxia(2021)(to PW)+1 种基金Youth Talents Supporting Program of Ningxia Medical University and Ningxia,Nos.XT2019018(to PW),TJGC2019081(to PW)College Students’Innovation and En trepreneurship Training Program,No.X202210752038(to FYY)。
文摘Remyelination failure is one of the main characteristics of multiple sclerosis and is potentially correlated with disease progression.Previous research has shown that the extracellular matrix is associated with remyelination failure because remodeling of the matrix often fails in both chronic and progressive multiple sclerosis.Fibronectin aggregates are assembled and persistently exist in chronic multiple sclerosis,thus inhibiting remyelination.Although many advances have been made in the mechanisms and treatment of multiple sclerosis,it remains very difficult for drugs to reach pathological brain tissues;this is due to the complexity of brain structure and function,especially the existence of the blood-brain barrier.Therefore,herein,we review the effects of fibronectin aggregates on multiple sclerosis and the efficacy of different forms of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of this disease.
文摘BACKGROUND Inflammatory cytokines play a vital role in the occurrence of osteoarticular injury and inflammation. Whether inflammation-associated factors interleukin-1β(IL- 1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of keen articular cartilage injury remains poorly understood. AIM To measure the levels of inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF] in patients with knee articular cartilage injury. METHODS Fifty-five patients with knee articular cartilage injury were selected as patient groups, who were divided into three grades [mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 19) and severe (n = 16)] according to disease severity and X-ray examinations. Meanwhile, 30 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF were measured by ELISA and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, patient groups displayed significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF, and the extent of increase was directly proportional to the severity of injury (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of cells with positive staining of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in the synovial membrane were significantly increased, along with increased disease severity (P < 0.05). After treatment, the scores of visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster University of Orthopaedic Index in patient groups were 2.26 ± 1.13 and 15.56 ± 7.12 points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those before treatment (6.98 ± 1.32 and 49.48 ± 8.96). Correlation analysis suggested that IL-1β and TNF-α were positively correlated with VEGF. CONCLUSION IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF levels are increased in patients with knee articular cartilage injury, and are associated with the disease severity, indicating they might play an important role in the occurrence and development of knee articular cartilage injury. Furthermore, therapeutically targeting them might be a novel approach for the treatment of keen articular cartilage injury.
基金This work was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China(Project No.17A007)the Teaching Reform and Research Project of Hunan Province of China(Project No.JG1615).
文摘The two-stream convolutional neural network exhibits excellent performance in the video action recognition.The crux of the matter is to use the frames already clipped by the videos and the optical flow images pre-extracted by the frames,to train a model each,and to finally integrate the outputs of the two models.Nevertheless,the reliance on the pre-extraction of the optical flow impedes the efficiency of action recognition,and the temporal and the spatial streams are just simply fused at the ends,with one stream failing and the other stream succeeding.We propose a novel hidden two-stream collaborative(HTSC)learning network that masks the steps of extracting the optical flow in the network and greatly speeds up the action recognition.Based on the two-stream method,the two-stream collaborative learning model captures the interaction of the temporal and spatial features to greatly enhance the accuracy of recognition.Our proposed method is highly capable of achieving the balance of efficiency and precision on large-scale video action recognition datasets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41372125)National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2016ZX05063002-006)
文摘Reconstructing meandering paleo-channels is attracting global research attention. We implemented a novel method by comprehensively integrating migration models and sedimentary structures. Firstly, the migration architectures of the corresponding characteristics in planform and cross-sectional models were summarised as expansion, translation, expansion and translation, expansion and downstream rotation, constriction and downstream rotation, and expansion and countercurrent rotation models. Secondly, full continuous core data from 270 dense drilling wells were collected from the Daqing Oil Field in the Songliao Basin, China, providing information on rock textures, sedimentary cycles, and boundary information for the two layers being studied. Through a comprehensive analysis of dense drill cores and logging data, the abandoned channels and the initial and final channel centrelines were identified. Consequently, four profiles, including one longitudinal and three transverse sections, were constructed to reveal the cross-sectional structures and planform migration architecture. Profile interpretation revealed the evolution from the initial channel centreline to the final centreline. Using a method of rational interpolation, we were able to reconstruct the migration architecture of the meandering channels. The results showed that the average ancient bankfull width(Wc) was approximately 100 m, a single meandering belt was800 m, the radius of the curvature was 250 m, the length of the channel bend was 700 m, the average meander wavelength was 1300 m, the sinuosity was 3.0, and the annual average discharge rate was 450 m3/s. Furthermore, we compared the results from empirical equations, which verified that our reconstruction is both feasible and potentially widely applicable.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0200800)National Natural Science Foundation of China (61804156)Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1427800)。
文摘This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MBAs are fabricated by a micro-fabrication technique. The ultrathin CuInS2 nanosheets are grown on the 3 D electrodes by solvothermal transformation of Cu film. The photocurrent density of 3 D photocathode(CuInS2@MBAs) is about two times higher than that of the planar counterpart(CuInS2@Planar). The improved PEC performance can be ascribed to the elevated light trapping ability and the increased surface area for loading photocatalysts. In addition, CdS quantum dots as cocatalysts are modified onto the Cu In S2 nanosheets to further enhance the PEC activity because the formed p-n heterojunction can accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the 3 D photocathode of CuInS2/CdS@MBAs shows an optimal incident photon to current efficiency of 10% at the wavelength of400 nm. It is believed that this work can be generalized to design other hierarchical 3 D photoelectrodes for improved solar water splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(22272081),Jiangsu Provincial Specially Appointed Professors Foundation.
文摘Industrial water splitting has long been suppressed by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which requires a catalyst to be efficient.Herein,we propose a molecular-level proton acceptor strategy to produce an efficient OER catalyst that can boost industrial-scale water splitting.Molecular-level phosphate(-PO_(4))group is introduced to modify the surface of PrBa_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)Co_(2)O_(5)+δ(PBCC).The achieved catalyst(PO_(4)-PBCC)exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic performance in alkaline media.Based on the X-ray absorption spectroscopy results and density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the PO_(4)on the surface,which is regarded as the Lewis base,is the key factor to overcome the kinetic limitation of the proton transfer process during the OER.The use of the catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is further evaluated for industrial-scale water splitting,and it only needs a low voltage of 1.66 V to achieve a large current density of 1 A cm^(-2).This work provides a new molecular-level strategy to develop highly efficient OER electrocatalysts for industrial applications.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K202301105,KJQN202201107)the Scienti¯c and Technological Transformative Program of Chongqing Banan District(KY202208161124020).
文摘Traumatic penumbra(TP)is a region with recoverable potential around the primary lesion of brain injury.Rapid and accurate imaging for identifying TP is essential for treating traumatic brain injury(TBI).In this study,we first established traumatic brain injuries(TBIs)in rats using a modified Feeney method,followed by label-free imaging of brain tissue sections with multiphoton fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that the technique effectively imaged normal and traumatic brain tissues,and revealed pathological features such as extracellular matrix changes,vascular cell proliferation,and intracellular edema in the traumatic penumbra.Compared with normal brain tissue,the extracellular matrix in the TP was sparse,cells were disorganized,and hyperplastic vascular cells emitted higher two-photon excited fluorescence(TPEF)signals.Our research demonstrates the potential of multiphoton fluorescence technology in the rapid diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of TBI.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Health Commission of Zhejiang Province:2018ZA060,2020ZB125Scientific research project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University:2020ZY10。
文摘Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA)with varied frequencies on headache and anxiety-depression symptoms in patients with migraine and to screen optimal frequency of EA for patientswith such conditions.Design:Single-center,randomized,controlled clinical trial was designed,and the outcome assessors and statisticians were blinded.The patients with migraine were randomized into 2 Hz EA group,100 Hz EA group and sham-stimulation group.In each group,the changes in migraine attacks,days with headache,the scores of visual analogy scale(VAS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS)and migraine-specific quality-of-life questionnaire(MsQ),as well as the dosage of analgesics were observed at the baseline,during treatment,in 1,2 and 3 months of follow-up separately.Setting:Patients were enrolled in the Third Afiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,between 1st August 2018 and 31st July 2021.Participants:Sixty-five migraine patients with or without aura.Interventions:In the EA groups,the acupoints were bilateral Fengchi(GB20),Gongxue(Extra),Sizhukong(TE23),Taiyang(EX-HN5),Shuaigu(GB8),Waiguan(TE5)and Yanglingquan(GB34).Electric stimulation was exerted at GB20 and Gongxue(Extra),with 2 Hz and 100 Hz separately.In the sham-stimulation group,the shallow acupuncture was operated at the sites 1 cm lateral to GB20 and Gongxue(Extra),and on the radial side of TE5 and GB34.The output wires were cut off after attached to the acupoints.The patients in each group received the treatment 3 times weekly,once every two days,for consecutive 4 weeks.The complete intervention was composed of 12 treatments.Main outcome measures:Changes in numbers of migraine attacks at treatment phase(week 1 to week 4)from the baseline(week-4 to week 0)in patients of each group Kesults:(1)Cnangesinmigraineattacks anadays witnneaaacne:intneZ Hz EA anaIuu Hz EA groups the changes of migraine attacks and days of headache were higher significantlyywhencomparedwith that in the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between two EA groups.(2)Changes of VAS score:In the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA groups,the changes of VAS score were significantly higher when compared with that in the sham-stimulation group during the treatment stage(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between two EA groups.(3)Assessment of anxiety and depression:The differences in the changes of SAS and sDS scores had no statistical significance among the three groups at each assessment stage(P>0.05).(4)Assessment on the quality of life:Compared with the sham-stimulation group at the same time stage,the MsQ score were increased significantly during treatment in patients of the 2 Hz EA and 100 Hz EA groups(P<0.05).There was no statistical difference between two EA groups.(5)Assessment on safety and compliance:The patients of each group had sound compliance.There was no adverse events during trial,suggesting promising safety of treatment.Conclusion:EA may effectively reduce the migraine attacks,and the days and intensity of headache,presenting promising safety.However,there was no significant improvement on anxiety-depression symptoms,and no significant difference between high and low frequencies of EA treatment in relieving headache and anxiety/depression symptoms in the patients with migraine.
