Dengue fever is a mosquito born viral infection,and the complicated form of dengue is dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF).In the recent decades incidence and distribution of dengue has increased dramatically.Dengue viruses ...Dengue fever is a mosquito born viral infection,and the complicated form of dengue is dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF).In the recent decades incidence and distribution of dengue has increased dramatically.Dengue viruses belong to family flaviviridae with four serotypes and are transmitted mainly by mosquito Aedes aegypti.Today almost two-fifth of world’s population (2.5 million) is at risk of dengue and no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available against it.Uncontrolled population growth in Africa and South East Asia has increased number of susceptible hosts in urban and semi urban areas.About 40%of world population resides in the high risk area for dengue transmission.According to latest estimates by WHO,yearly 50 to 100 million infections occur globally,this includes around 500 000 DHF and 22 000 deaths,mostly among children.Only symptomatic treatment in the form of analgesic,antipyretics and body fluid management is provided to the patient.Prevention strategies mainly focus on two approaches, firsdy on activities to control vector and secondly on activities to protect human from mosquito bite but there is always concerns regarding their sustainably and effectiveness.Theoretically development of an effective dengue vaccine is feasible and production of an effective and affordable vaccine could be a viable option to save humans from this dreadful disease. Conceptually vaccine production is possible,but it has to be tetravalent,providing immunity against all serotypes.Few candidate vaccines are in advance stage of their development:however international cooperation is needed to make these vaccines available on cheaper rates to the poor and vulnerable countries.Objective of this review is to discuss various aspects related to dengue,its epidemiology,available preventive methods,need for vaccine and challenges in its development.展开更多
The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel method of stem cell therapy in the vari...The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel method of stem cell therapy in the various diseases. Achieving high levels of transgene expression for the longer period of time, without adversely affecting cell viability and differentiation capacity of the cells, is crucial. In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of plasmid vector for the production of transgenic cMSCs and examined any functional change of cells after transfection. To do so first we have collected bone marrows from the adult goats and cultured them for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs). These cells were characterized using MSC specific markers including differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. Transfection with plasmid vector did not adversely affect cBM-MSCs morphology, viability or differentiation potential, and transgene expression levels were unaffected beyond passage 12th. The results indicated that we have been able to generate transgenic caprine MSC (tcBM-MSC) and transfection of cBM-MSCs using plasmid vector resulted in very high and stable transfection efficiency. This finding may have considerable significance in improving the efficacy of MSC-based therapies and their tracking in animal model.展开更多
文摘Dengue fever is a mosquito born viral infection,and the complicated form of dengue is dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF).In the recent decades incidence and distribution of dengue has increased dramatically.Dengue viruses belong to family flaviviridae with four serotypes and are transmitted mainly by mosquito Aedes aegypti.Today almost two-fifth of world’s population (2.5 million) is at risk of dengue and no specific antiviral drug or vaccine is available against it.Uncontrolled population growth in Africa and South East Asia has increased number of susceptible hosts in urban and semi urban areas.About 40%of world population resides in the high risk area for dengue transmission.According to latest estimates by WHO,yearly 50 to 100 million infections occur globally,this includes around 500 000 DHF and 22 000 deaths,mostly among children.Only symptomatic treatment in the form of analgesic,antipyretics and body fluid management is provided to the patient.Prevention strategies mainly focus on two approaches, firsdy on activities to control vector and secondly on activities to protect human from mosquito bite but there is always concerns regarding their sustainably and effectiveness.Theoretically development of an effective dengue vaccine is feasible and production of an effective and affordable vaccine could be a viable option to save humans from this dreadful disease. Conceptually vaccine production is possible,but it has to be tetravalent,providing immunity against all serotypes.Few candidate vaccines are in advance stage of their development:however international cooperation is needed to make these vaccines available on cheaper rates to the poor and vulnerable countries.Objective of this review is to discuss various aspects related to dengue,its epidemiology,available preventive methods,need for vaccine and challenges in its development.
文摘The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel method of stem cell therapy in the various diseases. Achieving high levels of transgene expression for the longer period of time, without adversely affecting cell viability and differentiation capacity of the cells, is crucial. In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of plasmid vector for the production of transgenic cMSCs and examined any functional change of cells after transfection. To do so first we have collected bone marrows from the adult goats and cultured them for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs). These cells were characterized using MSC specific markers including differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. Transfection with plasmid vector did not adversely affect cBM-MSCs morphology, viability or differentiation potential, and transgene expression levels were unaffected beyond passage 12th. The results indicated that we have been able to generate transgenic caprine MSC (tcBM-MSC) and transfection of cBM-MSCs using plasmid vector resulted in very high and stable transfection efficiency. This finding may have considerable significance in improving the efficacy of MSC-based therapies and their tracking in animal model.
