The roughness of the fracture surface directly affects the strength,deformation,and permeability of the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.Understanding the effect of high temperature and thermal cycle o...The roughness of the fracture surface directly affects the strength,deformation,and permeability of the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.Understanding the effect of high temperature and thermal cycle on the fracture surface roughness plays an important role in estimating the damage degree and stability of deep rock mass.In this paper,the variations of fracture surface roughness of granite after different heating and thermal cycles were investigated using the joint roughness coefficient method(JRC),three-dimensional(3D)roughness parameters,and fractal dimension(D),and the mechanism of damage and deterioration of granite were revealed.The experimental results show an increase in the roughness of the granite fracture surface as temperature and cycle number were incremented.The variations of JRC,height parameter,inclination parameter and area parameter with the temperature conformed to the Boltzmann's functional distribution,while the D decreased linearly as the temperature increased.Besides,the anisotropy index(Ip)of the granite fracture surface increased as the temperature increased,and the larger parameter values of roughness characterization at different temperatures were attained mainly in directions of 20°–40°,60°–100°and 140°–160°.The fracture aperture of granite after fracture followed the Gauss distribution and the average aperture increased with increasing temperature,which increased from 0.665 mm at 25℃to 1.058 mm at 800℃.High temperature caused an uneven thermal expansion,water evaporation,and oxidation of minerals within the granite,which promoted the growth and expansion of microfractures,and reduced interparticle bonding strength.In particular,the damage was exacerbated by the expansion and cracking of the quartz phase transition after T>500℃.Thermal cycles contributed to the accumulation of this damage and further weakened the interparticle bonding forces,resulting in a significant increase in the roughness,anisotropy,and aperture of the fracture surface after five cycles.展开更多
As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a ...As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.展开更多
The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria,making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus.This commentary examines the recent public...The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria,making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus.This commentary examines the recent publication in World Journal of Diabetes.The article explores the association between T2DM and gut microbiota,with a focus on the pathophysiological changes related to dysbiosis.It proposes innovative microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies and evaluates the challenges and future directions of such approaches.This editorial summarizes the key points of their discussion of the role of the gut microbiome in T2DM and elaborates on the influence of specific gut microbial species on the disease through the host–microbiota metabolic axis.It provides new insights for future research on gut-microbiota-based interventions for T2DM.展开更多
This study investigates the effect of shock velocity(u_(p))on damage evolution mechanisms in nanocrystalline iron via molecular dynamics simulations.As u_(p)increases,shock wave propagation accelerates,and stress dist...This study investigates the effect of shock velocity(u_(p))on damage evolution mechanisms in nanocrystalline iron via molecular dynamics simulations.As u_(p)increases,shock wave propagation accelerates,and stress distribution transitions from grain boundary concentration to homogeneity.This causes a transition in fracture mode from cleavage to ductile behavior.When u_(p)exceeds 1.5 km·s^(-1),micro-spallation emerges as the dominant failure mode.During micro-spallation,localized melting within the material impedes the propagation of the shock wave.As u_(p)increases,the growth rate of the void volume fraction initially rises but then decreases.Higher u_(p)leads to earlier void nucleation.At lower u_(p),the cavitation of the model is mainly characterized by the growth and penetration of a few voids.With increasing u_(p),the number of voids grows,and their interactions expand the delamination damage region.The spall strength demonstrates stage-specific dependence on u_(p).In the classical spallation stage(C_Ⅰ),temperature softening reduces spall strength.In the plastic strengthening regime(C_Ⅱ),strain hardening enhances spall strength.In the micro-spallation stage(M_Ⅲ),further increases in u_(p)cause melting during tensile and compressive phases,reducing spall strength.Finally,in the compressionmelting regime(M_Ⅳ),local temperatures exceed the melting point,diminishing plastic damage and accelerating spall strength reduction.This study provides new insights into the dynamic response of nanocrystalline iron.展开更多
Electroencephalography(EEG)is a widely used neuroimaging technique for decoding brain states.Transformer is gaining attention in EEG signal decoding due to its powerful ability to capture global features.However,relyi...Electroencephalography(EEG)is a widely used neuroimaging technique for decoding brain states.Transformer is gaining attention in EEG signal decoding due to its powerful ability to capture global features.However,relying solely on a single feature extracted by the traditional transformer model to address the domain shift problem caused by the time variability and complexity of EEG signals is challenging.In this paper,we propose a novel Transferable Fusion Multi-band EEG Transformer(TF-MEET)to enhance the performance of cross-session decoding of EEG signals.TF-MEET is mainly divided into three parts:(1)transform the EEG signals into spatial images and band images;(2)design an encoder to obtain spatial features and band features for the two types of images,and comprehensive fusion features are obtained through the weight adaptive fusion module;(3)cross-session EEG signals decoding is achieved by aligning the joint distribution of different domain features and categories through multi-loss domain adversarial training.Experimental results demonstrate(1)TF-MEET outperforms other advanced transfer learning methods on two public EEG emotion recognition datasets,SEED and SEED_IV,achieving an accuracy of 91.68%on SEED and 76.21%on SEED_IV;(2)TF-MEET proves the effectiveness of the transferable fusion module;(3)TF-MEET can identify explainable activation areas in the brain.We demonstrate that TF-MEET can capture comprehensive,transferable and interpretable features in EEG signals and perform well in cross-session EEG signals decoding,which can promote the development of brain-computer interface system.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects ...AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SN50 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis morphological changes after SN50 treatment. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after SN50 treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy including p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), LC3 and Beclin 1. We detected the effects of p53-mediated autophagy activation on the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. RESULTS: The viability of SGC7901 cells was inhibited after SN50 treatment. Inductions in the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and PUMA as well as autophagic protein DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 were detected with Western blotting analysis. SN50-treated cells exhibited punctuate microtubule-associated protein 1 LC3 in immunoreactivity and MDC-labeled vesicles increased after treatment of SN50 by MDC staining. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ were detected for 6 to 24 h after SN50 treatment. SN50-induced increases in PUMA, DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 and cell death were blocked by the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor activity of NF-κB inhibitors is associated with p53-mediated activation of autophagy.展开更多
In this study,uniaxial and triaxial compression acoustic emission(AE)tests were implemented to investigate the AE effect and failure characteristics of sandstone under different confining pressures(σ3).The evolution ...In this study,uniaxial and triaxial compression acoustic emission(AE)tests were implemented to investigate the AE effect and failure characteristics of sandstone under different confining pressures(σ3).The evolution of AE parameters in the rock failure process and fracture fractal dimension characteristics after failure were analyzed.The results revealed that the activity of the AE signal is strongly related toσ3.The evolution of the Ib value can be divided into the I-fluctuation,II-stability,and III-decrease stages.In the first stage,the Ib value of the AE was relatively high,and the AE energy was low.Then,the Ib value tended to be stable;however,the fluctuation amplitude decreased,and the AE energy rapidly increased.In the stage of decrease,the AE energy sharply increased before the load approached the peak value,and the Ib value significantly decreased and dropped to the lowest point before the peak value.Asσ3 increased,the rock’s failure mode changed from tensile failure to shear failure and became more coordinated.As the confining pressure increased,the shape dimension decreased,and the order degree of rock failure increased.The confining pressure exerted a certain control effect on the rock failure.展开更多
The two-dimensional infiltration experiment was carried out by means of digital image technology.The evolution process of the wetting body was described.The wetted front distance and the time show a very significant p...The two-dimensional infiltration experiment was carried out by means of digital image technology.The evolution process of the wetting body was described.The wetted front distance and the time show a very significant power function relationship.The horizontal wetted distance is larger than the vertical wetted distance in the initial stage.Then,the vertical distance of the wetted body gradually approaches to the horizontal distance.The infiltration distance decreases as the content of fine particles increases.The wetted front migration rate curve shows a three-stage change law,and it increases with the increase of coarse particle content.The directional velocity ratio is defined.The initial value of horizontal infiltration rate is larger than that of vertical one,and then the vertical infiltration rate is gradually close to the horizontal value.The empirical relationship between the characteristic particle size and the stable infiltration rate is established,which provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of the stable infiltration rate in in-situ leaching.展开更多
The permeability of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores directly affects the efficiency of in-situ leaching.The soil−water characteristic curve(SWCC)is an important constitutive relation for calculat...The permeability of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores directly affects the efficiency of in-situ leaching.The soil−water characteristic curve(SWCC)is an important constitutive relation for calculating the permeability of ore body,which is related to many factors.Soil−water characteristic tests of rare earth ore samples considering different factors were carried out by using the pressure plate instrument.Effects of dry density,particle size and solution leaching on water holding behavior and the mechanism were investigated.The experimental observations indicate that with the decrease of dry density,the pore ratio increases gradually,and the saturated water content increases.Under the same matric suction,the water content decreases gradually with the increase of particle size,thus decreasing water holding capacity of ore accordingly.In the same water content,matric suction is inversely proportional to particle size.Under the same matric suction,the water content of ore samples after leaching is less than that of the ore samples before leaching,indicating that solution leaching can decrease water holding capacity of ore.展开更多
AIM To investigate the changes of gastricmucosal ascorbic acid secretion in patients withnonulcer dyspepsia and the effect of gastrin onit,and to relate any observed changes to H.pylori infection and mucosal histology...AIM To investigate the changes of gastricmucosal ascorbic acid secretion in patients withnonulcer dyspepsia and the effect of gastrin onit,and to relate any observed changes to H.pylori infection and mucosal histology.METHODS Ascorbic acid secretions in patientswere examined by collecting continuouslygastric juice for one hour after having aspiratedand discarded fasting gastric juice.Using theclearance rate(mL/min)of ascorbic acid fromblood to gastric juice represented ascorbic acidsecretion in the gastric mucosa.Ascorbic acidconcentrations in plasma and juice weremeasured by ferric reduced method.RESULTS Gastric ascorbic acid secretions inH.pylori-positive patients(1.46 mL/min,range0.27-3.78)did not significantly differ fromthose in H.pylori-negative patients(1.25 mL/min,0.47-3.14)(P】0.05).There were nosignificant differences in ascorbic acidsecretions between patients with mild(1.56 mL/min,0.50-3.30),moderate(1.34 mL/min,0.27-2.93)and severe(1.36 mL/min,0.47-3.78)inflammation(P】0.05).There were nosignificant differences in ascorbic acidsecretions between patients without activity(l.45mL/min,0.27-3.14)and with mild(1.32mL/min,0.61-2.93),moderate(1.49mL/min,0.50-3.78)and severe(1.43 mL/min,0.51-3.26)activity of chronic gastritis either(P】0.05).Ascorbic acid secretions in patientswith severe atrophy(0.56 mL/min,0.27-1.20)were markedly lower than those in patientswithout atrophy(1.51 mL/min,0.59-3.30)and with mild(1.43 mL/ min,0.53-3.78)andmoderate(1.31 mL/min,0.47-3.16)atrophy(P【0.005).There was a significant negativecorrelation between ascorbic acid secretion andseverity of atrophy(correlation coefficient=-0.43,P【0.005).After administration ofpentagastrin,ascorbic acid secretions weremarkedly elevated(from 1.39 mL/min,0.36-2.96 to 3.53mL/min,0.84-5.91)(P【0.001).CONCLUSION Ascorbic acid secretion ingastric mucosa is not affected by H.pyloriinfection.Gastric ascorbic acid secretion ismarkedly related to the severity of atrophy,whereas not related to the severity ofinflammation and activity.Gastrin may stimulategastric ascorbic acid secretion.A decreasedascorbic acid secretion may be an importantfactor in the link between atrophic gastritis andgastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of Class?I?phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Class?I?PI3K) signal transduction on the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of gastric ca...AIM: To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of Class?I?phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Class?I?PI3K) signal transduction on the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of gastric cancer SGC7901 and MGC803 cells.METHODS: We constructed the recombinant replication adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNA interference (RNAi)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and control adenovirus NC-RNAi-GFP, and infected it into human gastric cancer cells. MTT assay was used to determine the growth rate of the gastric cancer cells. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP and control adenovirus NC-RNAi-GFP treatment. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. The expression of autophagy was monitored with MDC, LC3 staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to detect p53, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, and LC3 protein expression in the culture supernatant.RESULTS: The viability of gastric cancer cells was inhibited after siRNA targeting to the Class?I?PI3K blocked Class?I?PI3K signal pathway. MTT assays revealed that, after SGC7901 cancer cells were treated with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP, the rate of inhibition reached 27.48% ± 2.71% at 24 h, 41.92% ± 2.02% at 48 h, and 50.85% ± 0.91% at 72 h. After MGC803 cancer cells were treated with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP, the rate of inhibition reached 24.39% ± 0.93% at 24 h, 47.00% ± 0.87% at 48 h, and 70.30% ± 0.86% at 72 h (P < 0.05 compared to control group). It was determined that when 50 MOI, the transfection efficiency was 95% ± 2.4%. Adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells, and the results described here prove that RNAi of Class?I?PI3K induced apoptosis in SGC7901 cells. The results showed that adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP transfection induced punctate distribution of LC3 immunoreactivity, indicating increased formation of autophagosomes. The results showed that the basal level of Beclin-1 and LC3 protein in SGC7901 cells was low. After incubating with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI), Beclin-1, LC3, and p53 protein expression was significantly increased from 24 to 72 h. We also found that Bcl-2 protein expression down-regulated with the treatment of adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI). A number of isolated membranes, possibly derived from ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum, were seen. These isolated membranes were elongated and curved to engulf a cytoplasmic fraction and organelles. We used transmission electron microscopy to identify ultrastructural changes in SGC7901 cells after adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI) treatment. Control cells showed a round shape and contained normal-looking organelles, nucleus, and chromatin, while adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI)-treated cells exhibited the typical signs of autophagy.CONCLUSION: After the Class?I?PI3K signaling pathway has been blocked by siRNA, the proliferation of cells was inhibited and the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was enhanced.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of class phosphatidy-linositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 on the invasiveness and related mechanisms of implanted tumors of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice. M...AIM: To investigate the effects of class phosphatidy-linositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 on the invasiveness and related mechanisms of implanted tumors of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice. METHODS: Nude mice were randomly divided into model control groups and LY294002 treatment groups. On days 5, 10 and 15 after treatment, the inhibitory rate of tumor growth, pathological changes in tumor specimens, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, CD34 [representing microvessel density (MVD)] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as apoptosis indexes in tumor samples were observed.RESULTS: In this study, we showed that treatingthe tumors with LY294002 could significantly inhibit carcinoma growth by 11.3%, 29.4% and 36.7%, after 5, 10 and 15 d, respectively, compared to the control group. Hematoxylin & eosin staining indicated that the rate of inhibition increased progressively (23.51% ± 3.11%, 43.20% ± 3.27% and 63.28% ± 2.10% at 5, 10 and 15 d, respectively) along with apoptosis. The expression of MMP-2 was also downregulated (from 71.4% ± 1.6% to 47.9% ± 0.7%, 31.9% ± 0.9% and 7.9% ± 0.7%). The same effects were observed in MMP-9 protein expression (from 49.4% ± 1.5% to 36.9% ± 0.4%, 23.5% ± 0.9% and 7.7% ± 0.6%), the mean MVD (from 51.2% ± 3.1% to 41.9% ± 1.5%, 30.9% ± 1.7% and 14.9% ± 0.8%), and the expression of VEGF (from 47.2% ± 3.1% to 25.9% ± 0.5%, 18.6% ± 1.2% and 5.1% ± 0.9%) by immunohistochemical staining.CONCLUSION: The classPI3K inhibitor LY294002could inhibit the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF, and reducing MVD.展开更多
To enhance the performance of the polyphenylene sulfone(PPSU) membrane,a novel mixed matrix membrane with hydrophilicity and antifouling properties was prepared.Using PPSU as the ba sic membrane material,polyvinyl pyr...To enhance the performance of the polyphenylene sulfone(PPSU) membrane,a novel mixed matrix membrane with hydrophilicity and antifouling properties was prepared.Using PPSU as the ba sic membrane material,polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) as the porogen,N-Methyl pyrrolidone(NMP) as the solvent,and MOF-CAU-1(Al_(4)(OH)_(2)(OCH_(3))_4(H_2 N-BDC)_(3)·xH_(2) O) as the filler,PPSU/CAU-1 mixed matrix membrane(MMM) was prepared by an immersion precipitation and phase transformation technique.By changing the amount of MOF-CAU-1,the properties and performance of the MMM membrane were investigated in terms of hydrophilicity,pore morphology,surface roughness,and dye removal.The results show that the highest pure water flux of the mixed reached 47.9 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1), when the CAU-1 addition amount was 1.0 wt%, which was 23% higher than that of the pure PPSU membrane.Both the rejection rate and the antifouling performance of the MMM membrane also noticeably improved.展开更多
The emerging lead-free halide double perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attentions due to their long-term stability and non-toxicity, but suffer from the low device performance. One efficiencylimiting fa...The emerging lead-free halide double perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attentions due to their long-term stability and non-toxicity, but suffer from the low device performance. One efficiencylimiting factor is the improper contacts between the halide double perovskite and anode/cathode electrodes. Here, we improve the efficiency and stability of the bismuth-halide double perovskite based solar cells by a synergistic interface design for both electron and hole transport layers(ETL/HTL). The results show that the modification of the TiO_2 ETL with a thin hydrophobic C60 layer and replacement of the lithium-doped small molecule HTL with an un-doped conjugated polymer lead to higher surface quality of perovskite film and better energy-level alignment at the contacts. As a result, the optimized device shows reduced trap density, suppressed charge recombination and enhanced charge extraction, leading to an increase of 69% in device efficiency. In addition, the device also exhibits superior stability in ambient environment, heat stress and light bias after interface optimization. This work provides an efficient strategy for the device optimization of the emerging lead-free perovskite solar cells.展开更多
Experiments on subcooled flow boiling have been conducted using water in a rectangular flow channel.Similar to the coolant channel in internal combustion engines(IC engines),the flow channel in this experiment was asy...Experiments on subcooled flow boiling have been conducted using water in a rectangular flow channel.Similar to the coolant channel in internal combustion engines(IC engines),the flow channel in this experiment was asymmetrically heated.Bubble images were captured using a high speed camera from the side view of the channel.The experimental conditions in terms of bulk temperature,bulk velocity,pressure and heat flux ranged from 65°C–75°C,0.25 m/s–0.75 m/s,1–1.7 bar and 490 kW/m2–700 kW/m2,respectively.On the basis of these tests,a statistical analysis of the bubble size has been conducted considering a population of 1400 samples.It has been found that the mean Sauter bubble diameter increases with the decrease of subcooling,bulk velocity,pressure and increased heat flux.A modified correlation has been finally proposed to predict the mean Sauter bubble diameter under subcooled flow boiling conditions upstream of the onset of significant void,which shows good accuracy with the experimental results.展开更多
In recent years,great progress has been achieved for organicinorganic halide perovskites due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and stability for photovoltaics,light emitting diodes,and high-energy radiation...In recent years,great progress has been achieved for organicinorganic halide perovskites due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and stability for photovoltaics,light emitting diodes,and high-energy radiation detection[1-5].One-dimensional(1D)perovskites,as an important derivative of three-dimensional(3D)perovskites,exhibit low exciton dissociation efficiency,which can produce strong quantum confinement and form self-trapping excited state[6],In addition,the hydrophobic properties and the inhibition of ion migration from large organic cations improve the moisture and thermal stability for optoelectronic devices.展开更多
A counterbalance between immune cells and tumour cells is key to fighting tumours,and immune escape is an important mechanism for the survival of tumour cells in the body.Tumor cells and their cytokines impair the act...A counterbalance between immune cells and tumour cells is key to fighting tumours,and immune escape is an important mechanism for the survival of tumour cells in the body.Tumor cells and their cytokines impair the activity of T cells,NK cells,macrophages and other immune cells through various ways,and change the expression of their own surface antigens so as to avoid the clearance of the immune system.Changes in major histocompatibility complex molecules,high expression of programmed death-ligand 1,and the presence of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)are main means by which tumors impair the function of immune cells.During the development of tumours of the digestive system,different mechanisms acting on tumour cells,the TME,and immune cells lead to immune escape and promote tumour progression.In this paper,the mechanisms of immune escape in tumour cells of the digestive system are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumours.展开更多
Dear Editor,China is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent,with a large north–south range,resulting in a large temperature difference.Wild birds migrate two times annually along with the north–south ...Dear Editor,China is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent,with a large north–south range,resulting in a large temperature difference.Wild birds migrate two times annually along with the north–south range,including eastern,central and western routes in China.Wild birds are reported to carry influenza viruses from multiple sources,causing the virus to spread across a wide range of regions,which present great challenges for the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses(AIVs)(He et al.,2021;Shi and Gao,2021).展开更多
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52274082)the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(Grant No.JXUSTQJBJ2020003)the Innovation Fund Designated for Graduate Students of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.YC2023-B215).
文摘The roughness of the fracture surface directly affects the strength,deformation,and permeability of the surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.Understanding the effect of high temperature and thermal cycle on the fracture surface roughness plays an important role in estimating the damage degree and stability of deep rock mass.In this paper,the variations of fracture surface roughness of granite after different heating and thermal cycles were investigated using the joint roughness coefficient method(JRC),three-dimensional(3D)roughness parameters,and fractal dimension(D),and the mechanism of damage and deterioration of granite were revealed.The experimental results show an increase in the roughness of the granite fracture surface as temperature and cycle number were incremented.The variations of JRC,height parameter,inclination parameter and area parameter with the temperature conformed to the Boltzmann's functional distribution,while the D decreased linearly as the temperature increased.Besides,the anisotropy index(Ip)of the granite fracture surface increased as the temperature increased,and the larger parameter values of roughness characterization at different temperatures were attained mainly in directions of 20°–40°,60°–100°and 140°–160°.The fracture aperture of granite after fracture followed the Gauss distribution and the average aperture increased with increasing temperature,which increased from 0.665 mm at 25℃to 1.058 mm at 800℃.High temperature caused an uneven thermal expansion,water evaporation,and oxidation of minerals within the granite,which promoted the growth and expansion of microfractures,and reduced interparticle bonding strength.In particular,the damage was exacerbated by the expansion and cracking of the quartz phase transition after T>500℃.Thermal cycles contributed to the accumulation of this damage and further weakened the interparticle bonding forces,resulting in a significant increase in the roughness,anisotropy,and aperture of the fracture surface after five cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32301259,32101228,32271527 and 32371536)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C02023 and 2023C02015)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Talented Scholars of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2021LFR058)the Dean-ship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-177-01”.
文摘As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.
文摘The onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are strongly associated with imbalances in gut bacteria,making the gut microbiome a new potential therapeutic focus.This commentary examines the recent publication in World Journal of Diabetes.The article explores the association between T2DM and gut microbiota,with a focus on the pathophysiological changes related to dysbiosis.It proposes innovative microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies and evaluates the challenges and future directions of such approaches.This editorial summarizes the key points of their discussion of the role of the gut microbiome in T2DM and elaborates on the influence of specific gut microbial species on the disease through the host–microbiota metabolic axis.It provides new insights for future research on gut-microbiota-based interventions for T2DM.
文摘This study investigates the effect of shock velocity(u_(p))on damage evolution mechanisms in nanocrystalline iron via molecular dynamics simulations.As u_(p)increases,shock wave propagation accelerates,and stress distribution transitions from grain boundary concentration to homogeneity.This causes a transition in fracture mode from cleavage to ductile behavior.When u_(p)exceeds 1.5 km·s^(-1),micro-spallation emerges as the dominant failure mode.During micro-spallation,localized melting within the material impedes the propagation of the shock wave.As u_(p)increases,the growth rate of the void volume fraction initially rises but then decreases.Higher u_(p)leads to earlier void nucleation.At lower u_(p),the cavitation of the model is mainly characterized by the growth and penetration of a few voids.With increasing u_(p),the number of voids grows,and their interactions expand the delamination damage region.The spall strength demonstrates stage-specific dependence on u_(p).In the classical spallation stage(C_Ⅰ),temperature softening reduces spall strength.In the plastic strengthening regime(C_Ⅱ),strain hardening enhances spall strength.In the micro-spallation stage(M_Ⅲ),further increases in u_(p)cause melting during tensile and compressive phases,reducing spall strength.Finally,in the compressionmelting regime(M_Ⅳ),local temperatures exceed the melting point,diminishing plastic damage and accelerating spall strength reduction.This study provides new insights into the dynamic response of nanocrystalline iron.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62376219 and 62006194)Faculty Construction Project(Grant 25SH02010044).
文摘Electroencephalography(EEG)is a widely used neuroimaging technique for decoding brain states.Transformer is gaining attention in EEG signal decoding due to its powerful ability to capture global features.However,relying solely on a single feature extracted by the traditional transformer model to address the domain shift problem caused by the time variability and complexity of EEG signals is challenging.In this paper,we propose a novel Transferable Fusion Multi-band EEG Transformer(TF-MEET)to enhance the performance of cross-session decoding of EEG signals.TF-MEET is mainly divided into three parts:(1)transform the EEG signals into spatial images and band images;(2)design an encoder to obtain spatial features and band features for the two types of images,and comprehensive fusion features are obtained through the weight adaptive fusion module;(3)cross-session EEG signals decoding is achieved by aligning the joint distribution of different domain features and categories through multi-loss domain adversarial training.Experimental results demonstrate(1)TF-MEET outperforms other advanced transfer learning methods on two public EEG emotion recognition datasets,SEED and SEED_IV,achieving an accuracy of 91.68%on SEED and 76.21%on SEED_IV;(2)TF-MEET proves the effectiveness of the transferable fusion module;(3)TF-MEET can identify explainable activation areas in the brain.We demonstrate that TF-MEET can capture comprehensive,transferable and interpretable features in EEG signals and perform well in cross-session EEG signals decoding,which can promote the development of brain-computer interface system.
基金Supported by Health Foundation of Jiangsu Province (H20 0719)the Higher Education Foundation of Jiangsu Province (08KJB320014)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2008168)Suzhou High-Level Talents Project (2008-11)the Science, Education and Health Foundation of Soochow City (SWKQ00814)
文摘AIM: To investigate the anti-tumor effects of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor SN50 and related mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells. METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of SN50 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901. Hoechst 33258 staining was used to detect apoptosis morphological changes after SN50 treatment. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after SN50 treatment.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. Western blotting analysis were used to determine the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy including p53, p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), LC3 and Beclin 1. We detected the effects of p53-mediated autophagy activation on the apoptosis of SGC7901 cells with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. RESULTS: The viability of SGC7901 cells was inhibited after SN50 treatment. Inductions in the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and PUMA as well as autophagic protein DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 were detected with Western blotting analysis. SN50-treated cells exhibited punctuate microtubule-associated protein 1 LC3 in immunoreactivity and MDC-labeled vesicles increased after treatment of SN50 by MDC staining. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential Δψ were detected for 6 to 24 h after SN50 treatment. SN50-induced increases in PUMA, DRAM, LC3 and Beclin 1 and cell death were blocked by the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor activity of NF-κB inhibitors is associated with p53-mediated activation of autophagy.
基金the financial s upport from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41702326)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20202ACB214006)+2 种基金the Innovative Experts,Long-term Program of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2018106049)the Supported by Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents,Jiangxi University of Science and Technologythe Innovation Fund Designated for Graduate Students of Jiangxi Province(YC2020-S451)。
文摘In this study,uniaxial and triaxial compression acoustic emission(AE)tests were implemented to investigate the AE effect and failure characteristics of sandstone under different confining pressures(σ3).The evolution of AE parameters in the rock failure process and fracture fractal dimension characteristics after failure were analyzed.The results revealed that the activity of the AE signal is strongly related toσ3.The evolution of the Ib value can be divided into the I-fluctuation,II-stability,and III-decrease stages.In the first stage,the Ib value of the AE was relatively high,and the AE energy was low.Then,the Ib value tended to be stable;however,the fluctuation amplitude decreased,and the AE energy rapidly increased.In the stage of decrease,the AE energy sharply increased before the load approached the peak value,and the Ib value significantly decreased and dropped to the lowest point before the peak value.Asσ3 increased,the rock’s failure mode changed from tensile failure to shear failure and became more coordinated.As the confining pressure increased,the shape dimension decreased,and the order degree of rock failure increased.The confining pressure exerted a certain control effect on the rock failure.
基金Projects(51764014,11902127)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(201810407004)supported by the National Undergraduate Innovation Training Program of ChinaProject(GJJ180457)supported by Jiangxi Education Department,China。
文摘The two-dimensional infiltration experiment was carried out by means of digital image technology.The evolution process of the wetting body was described.The wetted front distance and the time show a very significant power function relationship.The horizontal wetted distance is larger than the vertical wetted distance in the initial stage.Then,the vertical distance of the wetted body gradually approaches to the horizontal distance.The infiltration distance decreases as the content of fine particles increases.The wetted front migration rate curve shows a three-stage change law,and it increases with the increase of coarse particle content.The directional velocity ratio is defined.The initial value of horizontal infiltration rate is larger than that of vertical one,and then the vertical infiltration rate is gradually close to the horizontal value.The empirical relationship between the characteristic particle size and the stable infiltration rate is established,which provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of the stable infiltration rate in in-situ leaching.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52004106)supports from Jiangxi Education Department,China(No.GJJ180457).
文摘The permeability of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores directly affects the efficiency of in-situ leaching.The soil−water characteristic curve(SWCC)is an important constitutive relation for calculating the permeability of ore body,which is related to many factors.Soil−water characteristic tests of rare earth ore samples considering different factors were carried out by using the pressure plate instrument.Effects of dry density,particle size and solution leaching on water holding behavior and the mechanism were investigated.The experimental observations indicate that with the decrease of dry density,the pore ratio increases gradually,and the saturated water content increases.Under the same matric suction,the water content decreases gradually with the increase of particle size,thus decreasing water holding capacity of ore accordingly.In the same water content,matric suction is inversely proportional to particle size.Under the same matric suction,the water content of ore samples after leaching is less than that of the ore samples before leaching,indicating that solution leaching can decrease water holding capacity of ore.
基金the Youth Scientific Found of Ministry of Healthy.
文摘AIM To investigate the changes of gastricmucosal ascorbic acid secretion in patients withnonulcer dyspepsia and the effect of gastrin onit,and to relate any observed changes to H.pylori infection and mucosal histology.METHODS Ascorbic acid secretions in patientswere examined by collecting continuouslygastric juice for one hour after having aspiratedand discarded fasting gastric juice.Using theclearance rate(mL/min)of ascorbic acid fromblood to gastric juice represented ascorbic acidsecretion in the gastric mucosa.Ascorbic acidconcentrations in plasma and juice weremeasured by ferric reduced method.RESULTS Gastric ascorbic acid secretions inH.pylori-positive patients(1.46 mL/min,range0.27-3.78)did not significantly differ fromthose in H.pylori-negative patients(1.25 mL/min,0.47-3.14)(P】0.05).There were nosignificant differences in ascorbic acidsecretions between patients with mild(1.56 mL/min,0.50-3.30),moderate(1.34 mL/min,0.27-2.93)and severe(1.36 mL/min,0.47-3.78)inflammation(P】0.05).There were nosignificant differences in ascorbic acidsecretions between patients without activity(l.45mL/min,0.27-3.14)and with mild(1.32mL/min,0.61-2.93),moderate(1.49mL/min,0.50-3.78)and severe(1.43 mL/min,0.51-3.26)activity of chronic gastritis either(P】0.05).Ascorbic acid secretions in patientswith severe atrophy(0.56 mL/min,0.27-1.20)were markedly lower than those in patientswithout atrophy(1.51 mL/min,0.59-3.30)and with mild(1.43 mL/ min,0.53-3.78)andmoderate(1.31 mL/min,0.47-3.16)atrophy(P【0.005).There was a significant negativecorrelation between ascorbic acid secretion andseverity of atrophy(correlation coefficient=-0.43,P【0.005).After administration ofpentagastrin,ascorbic acid secretions weremarkedly elevated(from 1.39 mL/min,0.36-2.96 to 3.53mL/min,0.84-5.91)(P【0.001).CONCLUSION Ascorbic acid secretion ingastric mucosa is not affected by H.pyloriinfection.Gastric ascorbic acid secretion ismarkedly related to the severity of atrophy,whereas not related to the severity ofinflammation and activity.Gastrin may stimulategastric ascorbic acid secretion.A decreasedascorbic acid secretion may be an importantfactor in the link between atrophic gastritis andgastric carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81172348Suzhou High-Level Talents Project,2008-11+1 种基金Suzhou Science and Technology Development Foundation,2010SYS201031the Science,Education,and Health Foundation of Suzhou City,SWKQ0914 and SWKQ0916
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition of Class?I?phosphoinositide 3-kinase (Class?I?PI3K) signal transduction on the proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy of gastric cancer SGC7901 and MGC803 cells.METHODS: We constructed the recombinant replication adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNA interference (RNAi)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and control adenovirus NC-RNAi-GFP, and infected it into human gastric cancer cells. MTT assay was used to determine the growth rate of the gastric cancer cells. Activation of autophagy was monitored with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining after adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP and control adenovirus NC-RNAi-GFP treatment. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the fluorescent probe JC-1. The expression of autophagy was monitored with MDC, LC3 staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Western blotting was used to detect p53, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, and LC3 protein expression in the culture supernatant.RESULTS: The viability of gastric cancer cells was inhibited after siRNA targeting to the Class?I?PI3K blocked Class?I?PI3K signal pathway. MTT assays revealed that, after SGC7901 cancer cells were treated with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP, the rate of inhibition reached 27.48% ± 2.71% at 24 h, 41.92% ± 2.02% at 48 h, and 50.85% ± 0.91% at 72 h. After MGC803 cancer cells were treated with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP, the rate of inhibition reached 24.39% ± 0.93% at 24 h, 47.00% ± 0.87% at 48 h, and 70.30% ± 0.86% at 72 h (P < 0.05 compared to control group). It was determined that when 50 MOI, the transfection efficiency was 95% ± 2.4%. Adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated cell apoptosis in SGC7901 cells, and the results described here prove that RNAi of Class?I?PI3K induced apoptosis in SGC7901 cells. The results showed that adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP transfection induced punctate distribution of LC3 immunoreactivity, indicating increased formation of autophagosomes. The results showed that the basal level of Beclin-1 and LC3 protein in SGC7901 cells was low. After incubating with adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI), Beclin-1, LC3, and p53 protein expression was significantly increased from 24 to 72 h. We also found that Bcl-2 protein expression down-regulated with the treatment of adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI). A number of isolated membranes, possibly derived from ribosome-free endoplasmic reticulum, were seen. These isolated membranes were elongated and curved to engulf a cytoplasmic fraction and organelles. We used transmission electron microscopy to identify ultrastructural changes in SGC7901 cells after adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI) treatment. Control cells showed a round shape and contained normal-looking organelles, nucleus, and chromatin, while adenovirus PI3K(I)-RNAi-GFP (50 MOI)-treated cells exhibited the typical signs of autophagy.CONCLUSION: After the Class?I?PI3K signaling pathway has been blocked by siRNA, the proliferation of cells was inhibited and the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was enhanced.
基金Supported by The Health Foundation of Jiangsu Province(H200719)the Institution of Higher Education Foundation of Jiangsu Province (08KJB320014)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2008168)
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of class phosphatidy-linositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 on the invasiveness and related mechanisms of implanted tumors of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice. METHODS: Nude mice were randomly divided into model control groups and LY294002 treatment groups. On days 5, 10 and 15 after treatment, the inhibitory rate of tumor growth, pathological changes in tumor specimens, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, CD34 [representing microvessel density (MVD)] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as apoptosis indexes in tumor samples were observed.RESULTS: In this study, we showed that treatingthe tumors with LY294002 could significantly inhibit carcinoma growth by 11.3%, 29.4% and 36.7%, after 5, 10 and 15 d, respectively, compared to the control group. Hematoxylin & eosin staining indicated that the rate of inhibition increased progressively (23.51% ± 3.11%, 43.20% ± 3.27% and 63.28% ± 2.10% at 5, 10 and 15 d, respectively) along with apoptosis. The expression of MMP-2 was also downregulated (from 71.4% ± 1.6% to 47.9% ± 0.7%, 31.9% ± 0.9% and 7.9% ± 0.7%). The same effects were observed in MMP-9 protein expression (from 49.4% ± 1.5% to 36.9% ± 0.4%, 23.5% ± 0.9% and 7.7% ± 0.6%), the mean MVD (from 51.2% ± 3.1% to 41.9% ± 1.5%, 30.9% ± 1.7% and 14.9% ± 0.8%), and the expression of VEGF (from 47.2% ± 3.1% to 25.9% ± 0.5%, 18.6% ± 1.2% and 5.1% ± 0.9%) by immunohistochemical staining.CONCLUSION: The classPI3K inhibitor LY294002could inhibit the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF, and reducing MVD.
基金supported by Key Research and Development of Tangshan (19140204F)。
文摘To enhance the performance of the polyphenylene sulfone(PPSU) membrane,a novel mixed matrix membrane with hydrophilicity and antifouling properties was prepared.Using PPSU as the ba sic membrane material,polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) as the porogen,N-Methyl pyrrolidone(NMP) as the solvent,and MOF-CAU-1(Al_(4)(OH)_(2)(OCH_(3))_4(H_2 N-BDC)_(3)·xH_(2) O) as the filler,PPSU/CAU-1 mixed matrix membrane(MMM) was prepared by an immersion precipitation and phase transformation technique.By changing the amount of MOF-CAU-1,the properties and performance of the MMM membrane were investigated in terms of hydrophilicity,pore morphology,surface roughness,and dye removal.The results show that the highest pure water flux of the mixed reached 47.9 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1), when the CAU-1 addition amount was 1.0 wt%, which was 23% higher than that of the pure PPSU membrane.Both the rejection rate and the antifouling performance of the MMM membrane also noticeably improved.
基金supported by the National Key Research and DevelopmentProgramofChina(2016YFA0202403, 2017YFA0204800)the Key Program project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51933010)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61604092, 61974085, 91733301)the National University Research Fund (GK201802005)the 111 Project (B14041)the National 1000 Talents Plan program (1110010341)。
文摘The emerging lead-free halide double perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attentions due to their long-term stability and non-toxicity, but suffer from the low device performance. One efficiencylimiting factor is the improper contacts between the halide double perovskite and anode/cathode electrodes. Here, we improve the efficiency and stability of the bismuth-halide double perovskite based solar cells by a synergistic interface design for both electron and hole transport layers(ETL/HTL). The results show that the modification of the TiO_2 ETL with a thin hydrophobic C60 layer and replacement of the lithium-doped small molecule HTL with an un-doped conjugated polymer lead to higher surface quality of perovskite film and better energy-level alignment at the contacts. As a result, the optimized device shows reduced trap density, suppressed charge recombination and enhanced charge extraction, leading to an increase of 69% in device efficiency. In addition, the device also exhibits superior stability in ambient environment, heat stress and light bias after interface optimization. This work provides an efficient strategy for the device optimization of the emerging lead-free perovskite solar cells.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51576116)the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2019MEE041)。
文摘Experiments on subcooled flow boiling have been conducted using water in a rectangular flow channel.Similar to the coolant channel in internal combustion engines(IC engines),the flow channel in this experiment was asymmetrically heated.Bubble images were captured using a high speed camera from the side view of the channel.The experimental conditions in terms of bulk temperature,bulk velocity,pressure and heat flux ranged from 65°C–75°C,0.25 m/s–0.75 m/s,1–1.7 bar and 490 kW/m2–700 kW/m2,respectively.On the basis of these tests,a statistical analysis of the bubble size has been conducted considering a population of 1400 samples.It has been found that the mean Sauter bubble diameter increases with the decrease of subcooling,bulk velocity,pressure and increased heat flux.A modified correlation has been finally proposed to predict the mean Sauter bubble diameter under subcooled flow boiling conditions upstream of the onset of significant void,which shows good accuracy with the experimental results.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0202403, 2017YFA0204800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61974085)+2 种基金the 111 Project (Grant No. B21005)National 1000-talent-plan program (1110010341)the National University Research Fund (Grant No. GK202103104).
文摘In recent years,great progress has been achieved for organicinorganic halide perovskites due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and stability for photovoltaics,light emitting diodes,and high-energy radiation detection[1-5].One-dimensional(1D)perovskites,as an important derivative of three-dimensional(3D)perovskites,exhibit low exciton dissociation efficiency,which can produce strong quantum confinement and form self-trapping excited state[6],In addition,the hydrophobic properties and the inhibition of ion migration from large organic cations improve the moisture and thermal stability for optoelectronic devices.
文摘A counterbalance between immune cells and tumour cells is key to fighting tumours,and immune escape is an important mechanism for the survival of tumour cells in the body.Tumor cells and their cytokines impair the activity of T cells,NK cells,macrophages and other immune cells through various ways,and change the expression of their own surface antigens so as to avoid the clearance of the immune system.Changes in major histocompatibility complex molecules,high expression of programmed death-ligand 1,and the presence of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment(TME)are main means by which tumors impair the function of immune cells.During the development of tumours of the digestive system,different mechanisms acting on tumour cells,the TME,and immune cells lead to immune escape and promote tumour progression.In this paper,the mechanisms of immune escape in tumour cells of the digestive system are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumours.
基金approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Changchun Veterinary Research Institute(approval number:SCXK,20210099)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82150202)the Beijing Nova Program(Z211100002121064)the Key Research Projects in Hebei Province(18227517D).
文摘Dear Editor,China is located in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent,with a large north–south range,resulting in a large temperature difference.Wild birds migrate two times annually along with the north–south range,including eastern,central and western routes in China.Wild birds are reported to carry influenza viruses from multiple sources,causing the virus to spread across a wide range of regions,which present great challenges for the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses(AIVs)(He et al.,2021;Shi and Gao,2021).
