An ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber is developed,which is polarized-insensitive and angular-stable.Three layers of square resistive films comprise the proposed metamaterial.The optimal values of geometric paramete...An ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber is developed,which is polarized-insensitive and angular-stable.Three layers of square resistive films comprise the proposed metamaterial.The optimal values of geometric parameters are obtained,such that the designed absorber can achieve an ultra-broadband absorption response from 4.73 to 39.04 GHz(relative bandwidth of 156.7%)for both transverse electricity and transverse magnetic waves.Moreover,impedance matching theory and an equivalent circuit model are utilized for the absorption mechanism analysis.The compatibility of equivalent circuit calculation results,together with both full-wave simulation and experimental results,demonstrates the excellent performance and applicability of the proposed metamaterial absorber.展开更多
Circulators play a significant role in radar and microwave communication systems.This paper proposes a broadband and highly efficient plasmonic circulator,which consists of spoof surface plasmon polaritons(SSPPs)waveg...Circulators play a significant role in radar and microwave communication systems.This paper proposes a broadband and highly efficient plasmonic circulator,which consists of spoof surface plasmon polaritons(SSPPs)waveguides and ferrite disks to support non-reciprocal mode coupling.The simulated performance of symmetrically designed circulator shows that it has an insertion loss of roughly 0.5 dB while the isolation and return loss is more than 12 dB in the frequency range of 6.0 GHz–10.0 GHz(relative bandwidth of 50%).Equivalent circuit model has been proposed to explain the operating mechanism of the plasmonic circulator.The equivalent circuit model,numerical simulations,and experimental results are consistent with each other,which demonstrates the good performance of the proposed plasmonic circulator.展开更多
Mineral mixing,a fundamental process during mantle convection,alters the chemical composition of mantle minerals.However,the impact of this process on the electrical conductivity of mineral assemblages remains poorly ...Mineral mixing,a fundamental process during mantle convection,alters the chemical composition of mantle minerals.However,the impact of this process on the electrical conductivity of mineral assemblages remains poorly understood.We measured the electrical conductivity of three single-phase garnets and their corresponding mixtures at 1.5 GPa and varying temperatures using the impedance spectroscopy within frequency from 10^(-1)to 10^(6)Hz.The electrical conductivity of dehydrated garnets is primarily controlled by their iron content,exhibiting an activation energy about 1.0 eV,indicative of small polaron conduction.The garnet mixture displays lower electrical conductivities and higher activation energies compared to their single-phase counterparts.This discrepancy of conductivity can be half order of magnitude at high temperatures(>1073 K),suggesting formation of resistive grain boundaries during the mixing process.In the mantle transition zones,grain boundary conductivity could exert a limited impact on the bulk conductivity of the interface between the stagnant slab and ambient mantle.展开更多
Most of the current graphene plasmonic researches are based on the substrates with isotropic dielectric constant such as silicon.In this work,we investigate optical properties of graphene nanoribbon arrays placed on a...Most of the current graphene plasmonic researches are based on the substrates with isotropic dielectric constant such as silicon.In this work,we investigate optical properties of graphene nanoribbon arrays placed on a uniaxially anisotropic substrate,where the anisotropy provides an additional freedom to tune the behaviors of graphene plasmons,and its effect can be described by a simple effective formula.In practice,the substrates of semi-infinite and finite thickness are discussed by using both the formula and full wave simulations.Particularly,the dielectric constants ε|| and ε⊥ approaching zero are intensively studied,which show different impacts on the transverse magnetic(TM) surface modes.In reality,the hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) can be chosen as the anisotropic substrate,which is also a hyperbolic material in nature.展开更多
Although many studies based on naturally deformed samples have been carried out to investigate the pore-crack characteristics of shales,studies based on high temperature(T)and high pressure(P)deformation experiments,w...Although many studies based on naturally deformed samples have been carried out to investigate the pore-crack characteristics of shales,studies based on high temperature(T)and high pressure(P)deformation experiments,which can exclude sample heterogeneity factors,simulate deep T-P conditions,and generate a continuous deformation sequence,are still rare.In this study,shales with different deformation levels are generated by triaxial compression experiments,and methods including scanning electron microscopy,mercury injection,and gas sorption are utilized to characterize their influence factors and pore-crack characteristics.Results indicate that T is the primary factor influencing shale deformation when P is low,while P is dominant under high P conditions.At T<90℃ and P<60 MPa,shales undergo brittle deformation and their macropores decrease due to the compaction of primary pores,while mesopores increase because of the interconnection of micropores.At 90℃<T<200℃ and 60 MPa<P<110 MPa,shales experience brittle-ductile transitional deformation,and their macro-and micropores increase because of the extension of open cracks and the plastic deformation of clay flakes respectively,while mesopores decrease dramatically.At T>200℃ and P>110 MPa,shales are subjected to ductile deformation,and their micro-and mesopores drop significantly due to the intense compaction in the matrix while macropores continuously increase with crack expansion.The permeability of shale increases with the degree of deformation and ductile material contents are predicted to be a key factor determining whether open microcracks can be preserved after ductile deformation.To account for these experimental results,an ideal model of micro pore-crack system evolution in deformed shales is further proposed,which can provide guidance for the exploration of shale gas resources in the deep or structurally complex zones.展开更多
基金Supported by the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(Grant No.XYDXX-072)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61372048 and 61771226)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20161186).
文摘An ultra-wideband metamaterial absorber is developed,which is polarized-insensitive and angular-stable.Three layers of square resistive films comprise the proposed metamaterial.The optimal values of geometric parameters are obtained,such that the designed absorber can achieve an ultra-broadband absorption response from 4.73 to 39.04 GHz(relative bandwidth of 156.7%)for both transverse electricity and transverse magnetic waves.Moreover,impedance matching theory and an equivalent circuit model are utilized for the absorption mechanism analysis.The compatibility of equivalent circuit calculation results,together with both full-wave simulation and experimental results,demonstrates the excellent performance and applicability of the proposed metamaterial absorber.
基金Project supported by the Six-Talent-Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.XYDXX-072)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61372048).
文摘Circulators play a significant role in radar and microwave communication systems.This paper proposes a broadband and highly efficient plasmonic circulator,which consists of spoof surface plasmon polaritons(SSPPs)waveguides and ferrite disks to support non-reciprocal mode coupling.The simulated performance of symmetrically designed circulator shows that it has an insertion loss of roughly 0.5 dB while the isolation and return loss is more than 12 dB in the frequency range of 6.0 GHz–10.0 GHz(relative bandwidth of 50%).Equivalent circuit model has been proposed to explain the operating mechanism of the plasmonic circulator.The equivalent circuit model,numerical simulations,and experimental results are consistent with each other,which demonstrates the good performance of the proposed plasmonic circulator.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42304109 and 42230311)the CAS“Light of West China”program(No.Y9CR026)to Xinzhuan GuoChengdu University of Technology(Nos.10912-KYQD2020-08600 and 80000-2020ZF11409)to Kui Han。
文摘Mineral mixing,a fundamental process during mantle convection,alters the chemical composition of mantle minerals.However,the impact of this process on the electrical conductivity of mineral assemblages remains poorly understood.We measured the electrical conductivity of three single-phase garnets and their corresponding mixtures at 1.5 GPa and varying temperatures using the impedance spectroscopy within frequency from 10^(-1)to 10^(6)Hz.The electrical conductivity of dehydrated garnets is primarily controlled by their iron content,exhibiting an activation energy about 1.0 eV,indicative of small polaron conduction.The garnet mixture displays lower electrical conductivities and higher activation energies compared to their single-phase counterparts.This discrepancy of conductivity can be half order of magnitude at high temperatures(>1073 K),suggesting formation of resistive grain boundaries during the mixing process.In the mantle transition zones,grain boundary conductivity could exert a limited impact on the bulk conductivity of the interface between the stagnant slab and ambient mantle.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11604382 and 11574140)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20160236).
文摘Most of the current graphene plasmonic researches are based on the substrates with isotropic dielectric constant such as silicon.In this work,we investigate optical properties of graphene nanoribbon arrays placed on a uniaxially anisotropic substrate,where the anisotropy provides an additional freedom to tune the behaviors of graphene plasmons,and its effect can be described by a simple effective formula.In practice,the substrates of semi-infinite and finite thickness are discussed by using both the formula and full wave simulations.Particularly,the dielectric constants ε|| and ε⊥ approaching zero are intensively studied,which show different impacts on the transverse magnetic(TM) surface modes.In reality,the hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) can be chosen as the anisotropic substrate,which is also a hyperbolic material in nature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42372153,41530315)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFF0804300)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant Nos.2016ZX05066,2017ZX05064)the“Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Related Issues”Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA05030100)。
文摘Although many studies based on naturally deformed samples have been carried out to investigate the pore-crack characteristics of shales,studies based on high temperature(T)and high pressure(P)deformation experiments,which can exclude sample heterogeneity factors,simulate deep T-P conditions,and generate a continuous deformation sequence,are still rare.In this study,shales with different deformation levels are generated by triaxial compression experiments,and methods including scanning electron microscopy,mercury injection,and gas sorption are utilized to characterize their influence factors and pore-crack characteristics.Results indicate that T is the primary factor influencing shale deformation when P is low,while P is dominant under high P conditions.At T<90℃ and P<60 MPa,shales undergo brittle deformation and their macropores decrease due to the compaction of primary pores,while mesopores increase because of the interconnection of micropores.At 90℃<T<200℃ and 60 MPa<P<110 MPa,shales experience brittle-ductile transitional deformation,and their macro-and micropores increase because of the extension of open cracks and the plastic deformation of clay flakes respectively,while mesopores decrease dramatically.At T>200℃ and P>110 MPa,shales are subjected to ductile deformation,and their micro-and mesopores drop significantly due to the intense compaction in the matrix while macropores continuously increase with crack expansion.The permeability of shale increases with the degree of deformation and ductile material contents are predicted to be a key factor determining whether open microcracks can be preserved after ductile deformation.To account for these experimental results,an ideal model of micro pore-crack system evolution in deformed shales is further proposed,which can provide guidance for the exploration of shale gas resources in the deep or structurally complex zones.
