Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash crops.Effectors of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A ...Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash crops.Effectors of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A glycine-rich nuclear effector,VdCE51,was able to suppress immune responses in tobacco against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.This effector was a required factor for full virulence of V.dahliae,and its nuclear localization was a requisite for suppressing plant immunity.The thioredoxin GhTRXH2,identified as a positive regulator of plant immunity,was a host target of VdCE51.Our findings show a virulence regulating mechanism whereby the secreted nuclear effector VdCE51 interferes with the transcription of PR genes,and the SA signaling pathway by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2,thus suppressing plant immunity.展开更多
In the face of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus starvation,microorganisms have evolved adaptive mechanisms to maintain growth.In a previous study,we identified a protein predicted to contain acylCoA-binding domains in t...In the face of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus starvation,microorganisms have evolved adaptive mechanisms to maintain growth.In a previous study,we identified a protein predicted to contain acylCoA-binding domains in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae.The predicted protein,designated VdAcb1,possesses an atypical signal peptide.However,the functions of this acyl-CoA-binding protein in V.dahliae are not clear.In this research,in vivo or in vitro assays confirmed that VdAcb1 is secreted extracellularly from V.dahliae,although it does not have the typical signal peptide.Furthermore,the unconventional secretion of VdAcb1 was dependent on VdGRASP,a member of the compartment for unconventional protein secretion(CUPS).The deletion mutant strain of VdAcb1(DVdAcb1)exhibited significant sensitivity to carbon starvation.RNA-seq revealed that the expression of genes related to filamentous growth(MSB2 pathway)and sugar transport were regulated by VdAcb1 under conditions of carbon starvation.Yeast one-hybrid experiments further showed that the expression of VdAcb1 was positively regulated by the transcription factor VdMsn4.The DVdAcb1 strain showed significantly reduced virulence on Gossypium hirsutum and Nicotiana benthamiana.We hypothesize that under conditions of carbon starvation,the expression of VdAcb1 is activated by VdMsn4 and VdAcb1 is secreted into the extracellular space.In turn,this activates the downstream MAPK pathway to enhance filamentous growth and virulence of V.dahliae.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFE0112500)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shannxi Province(2024JCYBMS-183).We thank Professor Hui-shan Guo from the Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing the pNat-Tef-TrpC and pGKO-HPT vector,and Dr.Siwei Zhang from Northwest A&F University for providing the pER8-NeYFP,pER8-CeYFP,and pGEX-4T-1 vectors.
文摘Verticillium dahliae is an important soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes great yield losses in many cash crops.Effectors of this fungus are known to regulate plant immunity but the mechanism much remains unclear.A glycine-rich nuclear effector,VdCE51,was able to suppress immune responses in tobacco against Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.This effector was a required factor for full virulence of V.dahliae,and its nuclear localization was a requisite for suppressing plant immunity.The thioredoxin GhTRXH2,identified as a positive regulator of plant immunity,was a host target of VdCE51.Our findings show a virulence regulating mechanism whereby the secreted nuclear effector VdCE51 interferes with the transcription of PR genes,and the SA signaling pathway by inhibiting the accumulation of GhTRXH2,thus suppressing plant immunity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0130800,2022YFD1400300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370213,32302327)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020MC115)the Agricultural Sciences Talent Program CAAS to JYC,the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program grant to J-YC.
文摘In the face of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus starvation,microorganisms have evolved adaptive mechanisms to maintain growth.In a previous study,we identified a protein predicted to contain acylCoA-binding domains in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae.The predicted protein,designated VdAcb1,possesses an atypical signal peptide.However,the functions of this acyl-CoA-binding protein in V.dahliae are not clear.In this research,in vivo or in vitro assays confirmed that VdAcb1 is secreted extracellularly from V.dahliae,although it does not have the typical signal peptide.Furthermore,the unconventional secretion of VdAcb1 was dependent on VdGRASP,a member of the compartment for unconventional protein secretion(CUPS).The deletion mutant strain of VdAcb1(DVdAcb1)exhibited significant sensitivity to carbon starvation.RNA-seq revealed that the expression of genes related to filamentous growth(MSB2 pathway)and sugar transport were regulated by VdAcb1 under conditions of carbon starvation.Yeast one-hybrid experiments further showed that the expression of VdAcb1 was positively regulated by the transcription factor VdMsn4.The DVdAcb1 strain showed significantly reduced virulence on Gossypium hirsutum and Nicotiana benthamiana.We hypothesize that under conditions of carbon starvation,the expression of VdAcb1 is activated by VdMsn4 and VdAcb1 is secreted into the extracellular space.In turn,this activates the downstream MAPK pathway to enhance filamentous growth and virulence of V.dahliae.
