Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitors increase the retention of acetylcholine(ACh)in synapses.Although they allevi-ate cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease,their limited benefits warrant investigations of plant e...Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitors increase the retention of acetylcholine(ACh)in synapses.Although they allevi-ate cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease,their limited benefits warrant investigations of plant extracts with similar properties.We studied the anti-AChE activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis(CP)in a zebrafish model of cognitive impair-ment induced by scopolamine(SCOP).CP is a perennial herb with anti-amnesiac and anxiolytic properties.It contains alkaloid,anthocyanin,coumarin,flavonoid,phytosterol and triterpenoid components.Isoxazole(ISOX)was used as a positive control for AChE inhibition.CP-treated 168 hpf larvae showed a similar pattern of AChE inhibition(in the myelencephalon and somites)as that of ISOX-treated larvae.CP was superior to ISOX as evidenced by the retention of avoidance response behavior in adult zebrafish.Molecular docking studies indicated that ISOX binds Ser203 of the catalytic triad on the human AChE.The active components of CP-scopoletin and kaempferol-were bound by His447 of the catalytic triad,the anionic subsite of the catalytic center,and the peripheral anionic site.This suggested the ability of CP to mediate both competitive and non-competitive modes of inhibition.Surprisingly,SCOP showed AChE inhibition in larvae,possibly mediated via the choline-binding sites.CP+SCOP induced a concentration-dependent increase in AChE inhibition and ACh depletion.Abnormal motor responses were observed with ISOX,CP,ISOX+SCOP,and CP+SCOP,indicative of undesirable effects on the peripheral cholinergic system.Our study proposes the examination of CP,SCOP,and CP+SCOP as potential AChE inhibitors for their ability to modulate cognitive deficits.展开更多
This review highlights the recent developments regarding neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling teleost reproduction.In teleosts,the pituitary gland receives major neuronal innervations from Gnrh neurons as well as min...This review highlights the recent developments regarding neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling teleost reproduction.In teleosts,the pituitary gland receives major neuronal innervations from Gnrh neurons as well as minor innervations from small population of neurons that will secrete neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides.The diversity of Kiss/Kissr system in various teleost species and their actions in the context of HPG axis and reproduction has been extensively covered.In teleost model systems,zebrafish and medaka,mutant lines for key components of the HPG axis have been generated through targeted mutagenesis but surprisingly most of the mutants developed normally without major defects in reproduction;these mutant phenotypes are described.In the last decade,complex role of diverse neuropeptides in teleost reproduction is being revealed.A brief overview about the reproductive functions of neuropeptides is presented.Finally,the effects of environmental factors namely photoperiodism and temperature on the functions of HPG axis is summarised.展开更多
基金financial assistance received from the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,New Delhi (BT/PR26189/GET/119/226/2017)DST-SERB,New Delhi (EMR/2017/000465).
文摘Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)inhibitors increase the retention of acetylcholine(ACh)in synapses.Although they allevi-ate cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease,their limited benefits warrant investigations of plant extracts with similar properties.We studied the anti-AChE activity of Convolvulus pluricaulis(CP)in a zebrafish model of cognitive impair-ment induced by scopolamine(SCOP).CP is a perennial herb with anti-amnesiac and anxiolytic properties.It contains alkaloid,anthocyanin,coumarin,flavonoid,phytosterol and triterpenoid components.Isoxazole(ISOX)was used as a positive control for AChE inhibition.CP-treated 168 hpf larvae showed a similar pattern of AChE inhibition(in the myelencephalon and somites)as that of ISOX-treated larvae.CP was superior to ISOX as evidenced by the retention of avoidance response behavior in adult zebrafish.Molecular docking studies indicated that ISOX binds Ser203 of the catalytic triad on the human AChE.The active components of CP-scopoletin and kaempferol-were bound by His447 of the catalytic triad,the anionic subsite of the catalytic center,and the peripheral anionic site.This suggested the ability of CP to mediate both competitive and non-competitive modes of inhibition.Surprisingly,SCOP showed AChE inhibition in larvae,possibly mediated via the choline-binding sites.CP+SCOP induced a concentration-dependent increase in AChE inhibition and ACh depletion.Abnormal motor responses were observed with ISOX,CP,ISOX+SCOP,and CP+SCOP,indicative of undesirable effects on the peripheral cholinergic system.Our study proposes the examination of CP,SCOP,and CP+SCOP as potential AChE inhibitors for their ability to modulate cognitive deficits.
基金financial assistance received from the Department of Biotechnology,New Delhi(BT/PR26189/GET/119/226/2017)DST-SERB,New Delhi(EMR/2017/000465)。
文摘This review highlights the recent developments regarding neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling teleost reproduction.In teleosts,the pituitary gland receives major neuronal innervations from Gnrh neurons as well as minor innervations from small population of neurons that will secrete neurotransmitters and/or neuropeptides.The diversity of Kiss/Kissr system in various teleost species and their actions in the context of HPG axis and reproduction has been extensively covered.In teleost model systems,zebrafish and medaka,mutant lines for key components of the HPG axis have been generated through targeted mutagenesis but surprisingly most of the mutants developed normally without major defects in reproduction;these mutant phenotypes are described.In the last decade,complex role of diverse neuropeptides in teleost reproduction is being revealed.A brief overview about the reproductive functions of neuropeptides is presented.Finally,the effects of environmental factors namely photoperiodism and temperature on the functions of HPG axis is summarised.
