Bio-inspired porous metallic scaffolds have tremendous potential to be used as artificial bone substitutes.In this work,a radially graded lattice structure (RGLS),which mimics the structures of natural human bones,was...Bio-inspired porous metallic scaffolds have tremendous potential to be used as artificial bone substitutes.In this work,a radially graded lattice structure (RGLS),which mimics the structures of natural human bones,was designed and processed by laser powder bed fusion of martensitic Ti-rich TiNi powder.The asymmetric tension-compression behaviour,where the compressive strength is significantly higher than the tensile strength,is observed in this Ti-rich TiNi material,which echoes the mechanical behaviour of bones.The morphologies,mechanical properties,deformation behaviour,and biological compatibility of RGLS samples were characterised and compared with those in the uniform lattice structure.Both the uniform and RGLS samples achieve a relative density higher than 99%.The graded porosities and pore sizes in the RGLS range from 40%-80% and 330-805 µm,respectively,from the centre to the edge.The chemical etching has significantly removed the harmful partially-melted residual powder particles on the lattice struts.The compressive yield strength of RGLS is 71.5 MPa,much higher than that of the uniform sample (46.5 MPa),despite having a similar relative density of about 46%.The calculated Gibson-Ashby equation and the deformation behaviour simulation by finite element suggest that the dense outer regions with high load-bearing capability could sustain high applied stress,improving the overall strength of RGLS significantly.The cell proliferation study suggests better biological compatibility of the RGLS than the uniform structures.The findings highlight a novel strategy to improve the performance of additively manufactured artificial implants by bio-inspiration.展开更多
TC11,with a nominal composition of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si,is the preferred material for engine blisk due to its high-performance dual-phase titanium alloy,effectively enhancing engine aerodynamic efficiency and se...TC11,with a nominal composition of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si,is the preferred material for engine blisk due to its high-performance dual-phase titanium alloy,effectively enhancing engine aerodynamic efficiency and service reliability.However,in laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of TC11,challenges such as inadequate defect control,inconsistent part quality,and limited optimization of key processing parameters hinder the process reliability and scalability.In this study,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was used to simulate the L-PBF process,while design of experiments(DoE)was applied to analyze the effect of process parameters and determine the optimal process settings.Laser power was found to have the greatest impact on porosity.The optimal process parameters are 170 w laser power,1100 mm·s^(-1)scanning speed,and 0.1 mm hatch spacing.Stripe,line,and chessboard scanning strategies were implemented using the optimal process parameters.The stripe scanning strategy has-33%(~400 MPa)greater tensile strength over the line scanning strategy and~12%(-170 MPa)over the chessboard scanning strategy.This research provides technical support for obtaining high-performance TC11 blisks.展开更多
Ceramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance,high wear resistance,low density,and favourable mechanical and chemica...Ceramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance,high wear resistance,low density,and favourable mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperature.However,with the emerging of additive manufacturing,the use of ceramics for functional and structural MEMS raises new opportunities and challenges.This paper provides an extensive review of the manufacturing processes used for ceramic-based MEMS,including additive and conventional manufacturing technologies.The review covers the micro-fabrication techniques of ceramics with the focus on their operating principles,main features,and processed materials.Challenges that need to be addressed in applying additive technologies in MEMS include ceramic printing on wafers,post-processing at the micro-level,resolution,and quality control.The paper also sheds light on the new possibilities of ceramic additive micro-fabrication and their potential applications,which indicates a promising future.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52005189)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110542 and 2020A1515110699)+1 种基金Guangzhou Foreign Cooperation Projects(2020B1212060049 and 201704030067)Guangdong Academy of Sciences and the University of Birmingham(Contract 17-0551).
文摘Bio-inspired porous metallic scaffolds have tremendous potential to be used as artificial bone substitutes.In this work,a radially graded lattice structure (RGLS),which mimics the structures of natural human bones,was designed and processed by laser powder bed fusion of martensitic Ti-rich TiNi powder.The asymmetric tension-compression behaviour,where the compressive strength is significantly higher than the tensile strength,is observed in this Ti-rich TiNi material,which echoes the mechanical behaviour of bones.The morphologies,mechanical properties,deformation behaviour,and biological compatibility of RGLS samples were characterised and compared with those in the uniform lattice structure.Both the uniform and RGLS samples achieve a relative density higher than 99%.The graded porosities and pore sizes in the RGLS range from 40%-80% and 330-805 µm,respectively,from the centre to the edge.The chemical etching has significantly removed the harmful partially-melted residual powder particles on the lattice struts.The compressive yield strength of RGLS is 71.5 MPa,much higher than that of the uniform sample (46.5 MPa),despite having a similar relative density of about 46%.The calculated Gibson-Ashby equation and the deformation behaviour simulation by finite element suggest that the dense outer regions with high load-bearing capability could sustain high applied stress,improving the overall strength of RGLS significantly.The cell proliferation study suggests better biological compatibility of the RGLS than the uniform structures.The findings highlight a novel strategy to improve the performance of additively manufactured artificial implants by bio-inspiration.
基金funded by"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang,China(Grant No.2024C01121)the University of Birmingham.
文摘TC11,with a nominal composition of Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si,is the preferred material for engine blisk due to its high-performance dual-phase titanium alloy,effectively enhancing engine aerodynamic efficiency and service reliability.However,in laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF)of TC11,challenges such as inadequate defect control,inconsistent part quality,and limited optimization of key processing parameters hinder the process reliability and scalability.In this study,computational fluid dynamics(CFD)was used to simulate the L-PBF process,while design of experiments(DoE)was applied to analyze the effect of process parameters and determine the optimal process settings.Laser power was found to have the greatest impact on porosity.The optimal process parameters are 170 w laser power,1100 mm·s^(-1)scanning speed,and 0.1 mm hatch spacing.Stripe,line,and chessboard scanning strategies were implemented using the optimal process parameters.The stripe scanning strategy has-33%(~400 MPa)greater tensile strength over the line scanning strategy and~12%(-170 MPa)over the chessboard scanning strategy.This research provides technical support for obtaining high-performance TC11 blisks.
文摘Ceramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance,high wear resistance,low density,and favourable mechanical and chemical properties at elevated temperature.However,with the emerging of additive manufacturing,the use of ceramics for functional and structural MEMS raises new opportunities and challenges.This paper provides an extensive review of the manufacturing processes used for ceramic-based MEMS,including additive and conventional manufacturing technologies.The review covers the micro-fabrication techniques of ceramics with the focus on their operating principles,main features,and processed materials.Challenges that need to be addressed in applying additive technologies in MEMS include ceramic printing on wafers,post-processing at the micro-level,resolution,and quality control.The paper also sheds light on the new possibilities of ceramic additive micro-fabrication and their potential applications,which indicates a promising future.
