Sodium is an important light non-ferrous metal with special properties and is widely applied in various fields of pharmaceutical intermediates,airbags metallurgy and nuclear coolants.However,the high energy consumptio...Sodium is an important light non-ferrous metal with special properties and is widely applied in various fields of pharmaceutical intermediates,airbags metallurgy and nuclear coolants.However,the high energy consumption,low current efficiency of the sodium industry,coupled with the substantial sodium slag byproduct and inefficient sodium slag recovery technology,have greatly hindered the further development of the metallic sodium industry.Although many research papers and new patents continue to emerge,there are very few reviews on the preparation of metallic sodium and the disposal of sodium slag which affects the exchange and development of new technologies in the sodium industry.Herein,this review summarizes the progress in sodium production technology and sodium slag recovery.Based on the ion migration mechanism and the competition discharge mechanism of different cations,constructing suitable electrolyte components containing sodium and selecting appropriate membrane materials can significantly improve current efficiency and reduce the reduction of impurity metals,while sodium slag recovery methods like mechanical separation,solvent leaching,and melting substitution have been developed,enabling the recycling of valuable components.Furthermore,this review explores sodium applications in energy storage,inorganic/organic synthesis,metal smelting,and nuclear reactors.It emphasizes the need for further technological advancements to address energy efficiency,slag recovery,and chlorine gas utilization challenges in sodium production.展开更多
Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces inherent challenges, including side reactions, corrosion, and scaling, stemming from the intricate composition of seawater. In response, researchers have turned to c...Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces inherent challenges, including side reactions, corrosion, and scaling, stemming from the intricate composition of seawater. In response, researchers have turned to continuous water splitting using forward osmosis(FO)-driven seawater desalination. However, the necessity of a neutral electrolyte hampers this strategy due to the limited current density and scarcity of precious metals. Herein, this study applies alkali-durable FO membranes to enable self-sustaining seawater splitting, which can selectively withdraw water molecules, from seawater, via concentration gradient. The membranes demonstrates outstanding perm-selectivity of water/ions(~5830 mol mol^(-1)) during month-long alkaline resistance tests, preventing electrolyte leaching(>97% OHàretention) while maintaining ~95%water balance(V_(FO)= V_(electrolysis)) via preserved concentration gradient for consistent forward-osmosis influx of water molecules. With the consistent electrolyte environment protected by the polyamide FO membranes, the Ni Fe-Ar-P catalyst exhibits promising performance: a sustain current density of 360 m A cmà2maintained at the cell voltage of 2.10 V and 2.15 V for 360 h in the offshore seawater, preventing Cl/Br corrosion(98% rejection) and Mg/Ca passivation(99.6% rejection). This research marks a significant advancement towards efficient and durable seawater-based hydrogen production.展开更多
The key to the transformation of resource-based rural economy lies in the land use transition,which has important theoretical and practical significance for the reconstruction of rural values and the promotion of rura...The key to the transformation of resource-based rural economy lies in the land use transition,which has important theoretical and practical significance for the reconstruction of rural values and the promotion of rural revitalization.Taking Taolingou Village in Yangquan City,Shanxi Province as an example,on the basis of expounding the concept and connotation of land use transition,this paper analyzes the evolution trend of resource-based rural land use transition,explores the driving force of resource-based rural land use transition and clearly puts forward the measures to strengthen the transformation of resource-based rural land use in the context of rural revitalization.The analysis shows that the land use of Taolingou Village is transforming towards the trend of sustainability,putting people first and multi-function,which is consistent with the strategic goal of rural revitalization.The driving force of land use transition in Taolingou Village includes four aspects,namely,industrial structure,economic factors,development policy and contradiction between human and land.Adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure,protecting the ecological environment,perfecting relevant policies and regulations,and controlling the overall population are the effective measures for Taolingou Village to realize the land use transition.This case study is expected to provide a useful reference for the land use transition in other resource-based rural areas.展开更多
The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for the electrocatalytic water electrolysis into oxygen and hydrogen,but the fourelectron transfer process hinders the OER dynamics.To realize the highly efficient water sp...The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for the electrocatalytic water electrolysis into oxygen and hydrogen,but the fourelectron transfer process hinders the OER dynamics.To realize the highly efficient water splitting,the nonprecious metal-based electrodes that can optimize the adsorption energy of intermediates and generate H_(2)with low overpotential and robust stability are essential.Herein,we report a surface modification strategy to grow the trimetallic FeCoNi hydroxide on the amine linkersgrafted carbon cloth(CC-NH_(2)@FeCoNi)by electro-deposition.CC-NH_(2)@FeCoNi possesses a superhydrophilic/superaerophobic surface,which could significantly enhance the mass transfer,and meanwhile promote the in situ generation of MOOH active species.Meanwhile,the superhydrophilic surface could facilitate the adsorption of abundant OH-ions,and repel the Cl-ions via electrostatic repulsive force during seawater oxidation.Consequently,compared with the CC@FeCoNi that grown on the pure CC(320 mV),the CC-NH_(2)@FeCoNi needs an obviously smaller overpotential of 270 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2),and meanwhile it exhibits a superior durability for 100 h at a current density of 200 m A cm^(-2)in both alkaline water and seawater.This strategy could be even applied universally in the preparation of other nonprecious metal hydroxides for efficient OER catalysis.展开更多
The rapid prediction of seepage mass flow in soil is essential for understanding fluid transport in porous media.This study proposes a new method for fast prediction of soil seepage mass flow by combining mesoscopic m...The rapid prediction of seepage mass flow in soil is essential for understanding fluid transport in porous media.This study proposes a new method for fast prediction of soil seepage mass flow by combining mesoscopic modeling with deep learning.Porous media structures were generated using the Quartet Structure Generation Set(QSGS)method,and a mesoscopic-scale seepage calculation model was applied to compute flow rates.These results were then used to train a deep learning model for rapid prediction.The analysis shows that larger average pore diameters lead to higher internal flow velocities and mass flow rates,while pressure drops significantly at the throats of fine pores.The trained model predicts seepage mass flow rates with deviations within±20%,achieving a root mean square error of 0.24261 and an average deviation of-0.02197.Importantly,the method performs well even with limited training data,though image-based deep learning approaches may yield better accuracy when larger datasets are available.展开更多
Influenza virus (IAV)infection is a major cause of severe respiratory illness that affects almost every country in the world.IAV infections result in respiratory illness and even acute lung injury and death,but the un...Influenza virus (IAV)infection is a major cause of severe respiratory illness that affects almost every country in the world.IAV infections result in respiratory illness and even acute lung injury and death,but the underlying mechanisms responsible for IAV pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated.In this study,the basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)level was markedly increased in H1N1 virus-infected humans and mice.FGF2,which is predominately derived from epithelial cells,recruits and activates neutrophils via the FGFR2-PI3K-AKT-NFKB signaling pathway.FGF2 depletion or knockout exacerbated influenzaassociated disease by impairing neutrophil recruitment and activation.More importantly,administration of the recombinant FGF2 protein significantly aUeviated the severity of IAV-induced lung injury and promoted the survival of IAV-infected mice.Based on the results from experiments in which neutrophils were depleted and adoptively transferred,FGF2 protected mice against IAV , infection by recruiting neutrophils.Thus,FGF2 plays a critical role in preventing IAV-induced lung injury,and FGF2 is a promising potential therapeutic target during IAV infection.展开更多
Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(Li and Satomura,2015).Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for reducing mortality.Currently,biomarkers such as ...Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(Li and Satomura,2015).Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for reducing mortality.Currently,biomarkers such as serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),AFP-L2,and carcinoembryonic antigen are widely used tumor markers for managing HCC in patients(Shi et al.,2016).However,because of their low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early HCC diagnosis are needed.展开更多
Urinary kidney injury molecule 1(uKIM-1)serves as a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury(AKI).The rapid and facile detection of changes in uKIM-1 is essential for early AKI diagnosis,ultimate...Urinary kidney injury molecule 1(uKIM-1)serves as a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury(AKI).The rapid and facile detection of changes in uKIM-1 is essential for early AKI diagnosis,ultimately improving the prognosis of patients.In this study,we developed a fully printed photonic crystal-integrated microarray with photonic crystal-enhanced fluorescence properties,which can detect uKIM-1 levels at the point-of-care.We confirmed its efficacy in the early diagnosis of AKI using clinical urine specimens.Direct quantitative detection of uKIM-1 was achieved within 10 min.The lowest limit of detection is 8.75 pg·mL^(-1) with an accuracy of 94.2%.The diagnostic efficacy was validated using 86 clinical urine samples,highlighting the high sensitivity and stability of the photonic crystal microarray.Consequently,a facile and reliable immunoassay was designed and prepared for the rapid quantitative detection of uKIM-1,which is crucial for the early identification and convenient detection of AKI in hospital or community settings.Rapid,convenient,cost-effective,and long-term monitoring of changes in uKIM-1 levels can assist clinicians in making timely adjustments to treatment regimens,preventing the transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease(CKD),improving the quality of life of patients with AKI,and reducing healthcare costs.It highlights the advantages of utilizing urine samples as a noninvasive and easily accessible medium for early detection and monitoring of kidney-related conditions.展开更多
对高效催化剂进行多尺度调控可优化中间体的吸附能量(原子层面),并实现快速传质(三维宏观层面),这对于提升整体水分解性能至关重要.在本工作中,我们首先在镍铁氢氧化物中引入氧空位,然后通过磷化反应将其转化为具有纳米阵列形态的NiFe-V...对高效催化剂进行多尺度调控可优化中间体的吸附能量(原子层面),并实现快速传质(三维宏观层面),这对于提升整体水分解性能至关重要.在本工作中,我们首先在镍铁氢氧化物中引入氧空位,然后通过磷化反应将其转化为具有纳米阵列形态的NiFe-Vo-P催化剂.在析氧反应催化过程中,NiFe-Vo-P表面会原位形成磷酸盐阴离子及具有催化活性的Ni(Fe)OOH,能显著优化反应中间体的吸附强度.结果表明,NiFeVo-P在过电位为289 mV时电流密度可达1.5 A cm^(-2).同时,其超亲水/超疏气纳米阵列形貌可有效促进传质,在25和70℃的条件下,可在~2.0V的电池电压下分别获得580 mA cm^(-2)和1.0 A cm^(-2)的电流密度,是未进行超疏气形貌工程催化剂的电流密度的2倍以上.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3903500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676022&21706004)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ONYC232301)Inner Mongolia Rui Xin Chemical Co.,Ltd.for providing support on data support and financial support。
文摘Sodium is an important light non-ferrous metal with special properties and is widely applied in various fields of pharmaceutical intermediates,airbags metallurgy and nuclear coolants.However,the high energy consumption,low current efficiency of the sodium industry,coupled with the substantial sodium slag byproduct and inefficient sodium slag recovery technology,have greatly hindered the further development of the metallic sodium industry.Although many research papers and new patents continue to emerge,there are very few reviews on the preparation of metallic sodium and the disposal of sodium slag which affects the exchange and development of new technologies in the sodium industry.Herein,this review summarizes the progress in sodium production technology and sodium slag recovery.Based on the ion migration mechanism and the competition discharge mechanism of different cations,constructing suitable electrolyte components containing sodium and selecting appropriate membrane materials can significantly improve current efficiency and reduce the reduction of impurity metals,while sodium slag recovery methods like mechanical separation,solvent leaching,and melting substitution have been developed,enabling the recycling of valuable components.Furthermore,this review explores sodium applications in energy storage,inorganic/organic synthesis,metal smelting,and nuclear reactors.It emphasizes the need for further technological advancements to address energy efficiency,slag recovery,and chlorine gas utilization challenges in sodium production.
基金funding provided by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB3801301)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22075076, 22208097 and 22378119)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research (22TQ1400100-4)。
文摘Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production faces inherent challenges, including side reactions, corrosion, and scaling, stemming from the intricate composition of seawater. In response, researchers have turned to continuous water splitting using forward osmosis(FO)-driven seawater desalination. However, the necessity of a neutral electrolyte hampers this strategy due to the limited current density and scarcity of precious metals. Herein, this study applies alkali-durable FO membranes to enable self-sustaining seawater splitting, which can selectively withdraw water molecules, from seawater, via concentration gradient. The membranes demonstrates outstanding perm-selectivity of water/ions(~5830 mol mol^(-1)) during month-long alkaline resistance tests, preventing electrolyte leaching(>97% OHàretention) while maintaining ~95%water balance(V_(FO)= V_(electrolysis)) via preserved concentration gradient for consistent forward-osmosis influx of water molecules. With the consistent electrolyte environment protected by the polyamide FO membranes, the Ni Fe-Ar-P catalyst exhibits promising performance: a sustain current density of 360 m A cmà2maintained at the cell voltage of 2.10 V and 2.15 V for 360 h in the offshore seawater, preventing Cl/Br corrosion(98% rejection) and Mg/Ca passivation(99.6% rejection). This research marks a significant advancement towards efficient and durable seawater-based hydrogen production.
文摘The key to the transformation of resource-based rural economy lies in the land use transition,which has important theoretical and practical significance for the reconstruction of rural values and the promotion of rural revitalization.Taking Taolingou Village in Yangquan City,Shanxi Province as an example,on the basis of expounding the concept and connotation of land use transition,this paper analyzes the evolution trend of resource-based rural land use transition,explores the driving force of resource-based rural land use transition and clearly puts forward the measures to strengthen the transformation of resource-based rural land use in the context of rural revitalization.The analysis shows that the land use of Taolingou Village is transforming towards the trend of sustainability,putting people first and multi-function,which is consistent with the strategic goal of rural revitalization.The driving force of land use transition in Taolingou Village includes four aspects,namely,industrial structure,economic factors,development policy and contradiction between human and land.Adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure,protecting the ecological environment,perfecting relevant policies and regulations,and controlling the overall population are the effective measures for Taolingou Village to realize the land use transition.This case study is expected to provide a useful reference for the land use transition in other resource-based rural areas.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3801301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378119,22075076,22208092)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4)。
文摘The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is crucial for the electrocatalytic water electrolysis into oxygen and hydrogen,but the fourelectron transfer process hinders the OER dynamics.To realize the highly efficient water splitting,the nonprecious metal-based electrodes that can optimize the adsorption energy of intermediates and generate H_(2)with low overpotential and robust stability are essential.Herein,we report a surface modification strategy to grow the trimetallic FeCoNi hydroxide on the amine linkersgrafted carbon cloth(CC-NH_(2)@FeCoNi)by electro-deposition.CC-NH_(2)@FeCoNi possesses a superhydrophilic/superaerophobic surface,which could significantly enhance the mass transfer,and meanwhile promote the in situ generation of MOOH active species.Meanwhile,the superhydrophilic surface could facilitate the adsorption of abundant OH-ions,and repel the Cl-ions via electrostatic repulsive force during seawater oxidation.Consequently,compared with the CC@FeCoNi that grown on the pure CC(320 mV),the CC-NH_(2)@FeCoNi needs an obviously smaller overpotential of 270 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm^(-2),and meanwhile it exhibits a superior durability for 100 h at a current density of 200 m A cm^(-2)in both alkaline water and seawater.This strategy could be even applied universally in the preparation of other nonprecious metal hydroxides for efficient OER catalysis.
基金Dynamics of CO_(2) Leakage and Seepage in Wellbores Under Reservoir Stimulation,grant number YJCCUS25SFW0004.
文摘The rapid prediction of seepage mass flow in soil is essential for understanding fluid transport in porous media.This study proposes a new method for fast prediction of soil seepage mass flow by combining mesoscopic modeling with deep learning.Porous media structures were generated using the Quartet Structure Generation Set(QSGS)method,and a mesoscopic-scale seepage calculation model was applied to compute flow rates.These results were then used to train a deep learning model for rapid prediction.The analysis shows that larger average pore diameters lead to higher internal flow velocities and mass flow rates,while pressure drops significantly at the throats of fine pores.The trained model predicts seepage mass flow rates with deviations within±20%,achieving a root mean square error of 0.24261 and an average deviation of-0.02197.Importantly,the method performs well even with limited training data,though image-based deep learning approaches may yield better accuracy when larger datasets are available.
基金funding from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (SS2015AA020924)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81771700)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013ZXI0004003 and SS2012AA020905)the National Major Research and Development Program (2016YFA0502203 and 2017YFC1200800)P.Y.was supported by the Beijing Nova Program (Z141107001814054).
文摘Influenza virus (IAV)infection is a major cause of severe respiratory illness that affects almost every country in the world.IAV infections result in respiratory illness and even acute lung injury and death,but the underlying mechanisms responsible for IAV pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated.In this study,the basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)level was markedly increased in H1N1 virus-infected humans and mice.FGF2,which is predominately derived from epithelial cells,recruits and activates neutrophils via the FGFR2-PI3K-AKT-NFKB signaling pathway.FGF2 depletion or knockout exacerbated influenzaassociated disease by impairing neutrophil recruitment and activation.More importantly,administration of the recombinant FGF2 protein significantly aUeviated the severity of IAV-induced lung injury and promoted the survival of IAV-infected mice.Based on the results from experiments in which neutrophils were depleted and adoptively transferred,FGF2 protected mice against IAV , infection by recruiting neutrophils.Thus,FGF2 plays a critical role in preventing IAV-induced lung injury,and FGF2 is a promising potential therapeutic target during IAV infection.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(CN7162185)
文摘Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide(Li and Satomura,2015).Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for reducing mortality.Currently,biomarkers such as serum alpha fetoprotein(AFP),AFP-L2,and carcinoembryonic antigen are widely used tumor markers for managing HCC in patients(Shi et al.,2016).However,because of their low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity,novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early HCC diagnosis are needed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82170684,52222313,22075296,91963212,82000004)the Health Care Program Foundation of PLA(No.21BJZ17)+2 种基金the Youth Independent Innovation Science Fund of the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army(No.22QNFC007)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2020032)the Intramural Research Fund of Peking University International Hospital(No.YN2021QN05).
文摘Urinary kidney injury molecule 1(uKIM-1)serves as a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury(AKI).The rapid and facile detection of changes in uKIM-1 is essential for early AKI diagnosis,ultimately improving the prognosis of patients.In this study,we developed a fully printed photonic crystal-integrated microarray with photonic crystal-enhanced fluorescence properties,which can detect uKIM-1 levels at the point-of-care.We confirmed its efficacy in the early diagnosis of AKI using clinical urine specimens.Direct quantitative detection of uKIM-1 was achieved within 10 min.The lowest limit of detection is 8.75 pg·mL^(-1) with an accuracy of 94.2%.The diagnostic efficacy was validated using 86 clinical urine samples,highlighting the high sensitivity and stability of the photonic crystal microarray.Consequently,a facile and reliable immunoassay was designed and prepared for the rapid quantitative detection of uKIM-1,which is crucial for the early identification and convenient detection of AKI in hospital or community settings.Rapid,convenient,cost-effective,and long-term monitoring of changes in uKIM-1 levels can assist clinicians in making timely adjustments to treatment regimens,preventing the transition from AKI to chronic kidney disease(CKD),improving the quality of life of patients with AKI,and reducing healthcare costs.It highlights the advantages of utilizing urine samples as a noninvasive and easily accessible medium for early detection and monitoring of kidney-related conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3801301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075076 and 22005098)the Central Government Funds for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2021Szvup040)。
文摘对高效催化剂进行多尺度调控可优化中间体的吸附能量(原子层面),并实现快速传质(三维宏观层面),这对于提升整体水分解性能至关重要.在本工作中,我们首先在镍铁氢氧化物中引入氧空位,然后通过磷化反应将其转化为具有纳米阵列形态的NiFe-Vo-P催化剂.在析氧反应催化过程中,NiFe-Vo-P表面会原位形成磷酸盐阴离子及具有催化活性的Ni(Fe)OOH,能显著优化反应中间体的吸附强度.结果表明,NiFeVo-P在过电位为289 mV时电流密度可达1.5 A cm^(-2).同时,其超亲水/超疏气纳米阵列形貌可有效促进传质,在25和70℃的条件下,可在~2.0V的电池电压下分别获得580 mA cm^(-2)和1.0 A cm^(-2)的电流密度,是未进行超疏气形貌工程催化剂的电流密度的2倍以上.
