We theoretically study the photoelectron momentum distributions from multiphoton ionization of a model lithium atom over a range of laser wavelengths from 500 nm to 700 nm by numerically solving the time-dependent Sch...We theoretically study the photoelectron momentum distributions from multiphoton ionization of a model lithium atom over a range of laser wavelengths from 500 nm to 700 nm by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr ¨odinger equation. The photoelectron momentum distributions display many ring-like patterns for the three-photon ionization, which vary dramatically with the change of the laser wavelength. We show that the wavelength-dependent photoelectron energy spectrum can be used to effectively identify the resonant and nonresonant ionization pathways. We also find an abnormal ellipticity dependence of the electron yield for the(2+1) resonance-enhanced ionization via the 4d intermediate state, which is relevant to the two-photon excitation probability from the ground state to the 4d state.展开更多
since the fair value has been used,it has always been paid more attention to,after the financial crisis,it has caused widespread denunciation of the academic session.In the new accounting standards issued in 2014,the ...since the fair value has been used,it has always been paid more attention to,after the financial crisis,it has caused widespread denunciation of the academic session.In the new accounting standards issued in 2014,the attention of fair value has always been very high,which can reflect the influence of enterprises on earnings management through the measurement of fair value.By describing the application of fair value under the new criteria to pave the way for the following description.The back illustrates the impact of fair value on earnings management under the new guidelines.At the end of the paper,some policies and constructive suggestions are put forward to improve earnings management in Chinese enterprises.展开更多
Background:Approximately 40%of individuals with diabetes worldwide are at risk of developing diabetic kidney disease(DKD),which is not only the leading cause of kidney failure,but also significantly increases the risk...Background:Approximately 40%of individuals with diabetes worldwide are at risk of developing diabetic kidney disease(DKD),which is not only the leading cause of kidney failure,but also significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease,causing significant societal health and financial burdens.This study aimed to describe the burden of DKD and explore its cross-country epidemiological status,predict development trends,and assess its risk factors and sociodemographic transitions.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)Study 2021,data on DKD due to type 1 diabetes(DKD-T1DM)and type 2 diabetes(DKD-T2DM)were analyzed by sex,age,year,and location.Numbers and age-standardized rates were used to compare the disease burden between DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM among locations.Decomposition analysis was used to assess the potential drivers.Locally weighted scatter plot smoothing and Frontier analysis were used to estimate sociodemographic transitions of DKD disability-adjusted life years(DALYs).Results:The DALYs due to DKD increased markedly from 1990 to 2021,with a 74.0%(from 2,227,518 to 3,875,628)and 173.6%(from 4,122,919 to 11,278,935)increase for DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM,respectively.In 2030,the estimated DALYs for DKD-T1DM surpassed 4.4 million,with that of DKD-T2DM exceeding 14.6 million.Notably,middle-sociodemographic index(SDI)quintile was responsible for the most significant DALYs.Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth and aging were major drivers for the increased DKD DALYs in most regions.Interestingly,the most pronounced effect of positive DALYs change from 1990 to 2021 was presented in high-SDI quintile,while in low-SDI quintile,DALYs for DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM presented a decreasing trend over the past years.Frontiers analysis revealed that there was a negative association between SDI quintiles and age-standardized DALY rates(ASDRs)in DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM.Countries with middle-SDI shouldered disproportionately high DKD burden.Kidney dysfunction(nearly 100.0%for DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM),high fasting plasma glucose(70.8%for DKD-T1DM and 87.4%for DKD-T2DM),and non-optimal temperatures(low and high,5.0%for DKD-T1DM and 5.1%for DKD-T2DM)were common risk factors for age-standardized DALYs in T1DM-DKD and T2DM-DKD.There were other specific risk factors for DKD-T2DM such as high body mass index(38.2%),high systolic blood pressure(10.2%),dietary risks(17.8%),low physical activity(6.2%),lead exposure(1.2%),and other environmental risks.Conclusions:DKD markedly increased and varied significantly across regions,contributing to a substantial disease burden,especially in middle-SDI countries.The rise in DKD is primarily driven by population growth,aging,and key risk factors such as high fasting plasma glucose and kidney dysfunction,with projections suggesting continued escalation of the burden by 2030.展开更多
The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other potential future coronavirus has challenged the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines.Therefore,there remains a need for alternative antivirals tha...The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other potential future coronavirus has challenged the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines.Therefore,there remains a need for alternative antivirals that target processes less susceptible to mutations,such as the formation of six-helix bundle(6-HB)during the viral fusion step of host cell entry.In this study,a novel high-throughput screening(HTS)assay employing a yeast-two-hybrid(Y2H)system was established to identify inhibitors of HR1/HR2 interaction.The compound IMB-9C,which achieved single-digit micromolar inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variants with low cytotoxicity,was selected.IMB-9C effectively blocks the HR1/HR2 interaction in vitro and inhibits SARS-CoV-2-S-mediated cell-cell fusion.It binds to both HR1 and HR2 through non-covalent interaction and influences the secondary structure of HR1/HR2 complex.In addition,virtual docking and site-mutagenesis results suggest that amino acid residues A930,I931,K933,T941,and L945 are critical for IMB-9C binding to HR1.Collectively,in this study,we have developed a novel screening method for HR1/HR2 interaction inhibitors and identified IMB-9C as a potential antiviral small molecule against COVID-19 and its variants.展开更多
Coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics within a molecule are key to understanding a broad range of fundamental physical and chemical processes.Although probing the coupled vibrational and electronic dynamics was demo...Coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics within a molecule are key to understanding a broad range of fundamental physical and chemical processes.Although probing the coupled vibrational and electronic dynamics was demonstrated,it has so far been challenging to observe the coupling interactions between the rotational and electronic degrees of freedom.Here,we report the first observation of Coriolis coupling,a coupling interaction between nuclear rotational angular momentum and electronic axial angular momentum,during laser-induced molecular fragmentation by tracing the electronic structure of a dissociating O+2 molecule.We observe that the electron density changes its shape from that of a molecularσorbital to a nearly isotropic shape as the internuclear distance goes up to∼20?which results from the transition between nearly degenerate electronic states associated with different rotational angular momenta.Our experiment demonstrates that the breaking of a chemical bond does not occur suddenly during molecular dissociation.Instead,it lasts for a long time of several hundred femtoseconds due to the Coriolis coupling interaction.Our experiment can be extended to complicated molecules,holding the potential of revealing yet unobserved electron–nuclear coupling interactions during ultrafast processes.展开更多
To the Editor:Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a progressive disease caused by severe islet b-cell function impairment,resulting in high glucose variability(GV)in patients.[1]While intensive insulin treatment enabled ...To the Editor:Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a progressive disease caused by severe islet b-cell function impairment,resulting in high glucose variability(GV)in patients.[1]While intensive insulin treatment enabled T1DM patients to achieve near-normal glucose,reflected by reduced hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,stricter HbA1c targets were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia,which would compromise patients’quality of life and survival.[2]Recent studies suggest that GV reflects hypoglycemia better than HbA1c alone,and continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)provides a more comprehensive glycemic profile for better glucose indices assessment.[3]Therefore,we aimed to explore the relationship between the coefficient of variability(CV)of blood glucose and hypoglycemia in T1DM patients with different HbA1c levels and to identify the optimal cut-off values of CV for reducing the hypoglycemia risk in Chinese T1DM patients.展开更多
Tunneling is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous processes in the quantum world.The question of how long a particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier has sparked a long-standing debate since the early...Tunneling is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous processes in the quantum world.The question of how long a particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier has sparked a long-standing debate since the early days of quantum mechanics.Here,we propose and demonstrate a novel scheme to accurately determine the tunneling time of an electron.In this scheme,a weak laser field is used to streak the tunneling current produced by a strong elliptically polarized laser field in an attoclock configuration,allowing us to retrieve the tunneling ionization time relative to the field maximum with a precision of a few attoseconds.This overcomes the difficulties in previous attoclock measurements wherein the Coulomb effect on the photoelectron momentum distribution has to be removed with theoretical models and it requires accurate information of the driving laser fields.We demonstrate that the tunneling time of an electron from an atom is close to zero within our experimental accuracy.Our study represents a straightforward approach toward attosecond time-resolved imaging of electron motion in atoms and molecules.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0308300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12021004 and 61475055)。
文摘We theoretically study the photoelectron momentum distributions from multiphoton ionization of a model lithium atom over a range of laser wavelengths from 500 nm to 700 nm by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr ¨odinger equation. The photoelectron momentum distributions display many ring-like patterns for the three-photon ionization, which vary dramatically with the change of the laser wavelength. We show that the wavelength-dependent photoelectron energy spectrum can be used to effectively identify the resonant and nonresonant ionization pathways. We also find an abnormal ellipticity dependence of the electron yield for the(2+1) resonance-enhanced ionization via the 4d intermediate state, which is relevant to the two-photon excitation probability from the ground state to the 4d state.
文摘since the fair value has been used,it has always been paid more attention to,after the financial crisis,it has caused widespread denunciation of the academic session.In the new accounting standards issued in 2014,the attention of fair value has always been very high,which can reflect the influence of enterprises on earnings management through the measurement of fair value.By describing the application of fair value under the new criteria to pave the way for the following description.The back illustrates the impact of fair value on earnings management under the new guidelines.At the end of the paper,some policies and constructive suggestions are put forward to improve earnings management in Chinese enterprises.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81820108007 and 82070813)Research Plan Project of Hunan Health Commission(No.D202303067196).
文摘Background:Approximately 40%of individuals with diabetes worldwide are at risk of developing diabetic kidney disease(DKD),which is not only the leading cause of kidney failure,but also significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease,causing significant societal health and financial burdens.This study aimed to describe the burden of DKD and explore its cross-country epidemiological status,predict development trends,and assess its risk factors and sociodemographic transitions.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Diseases(GBD)Study 2021,data on DKD due to type 1 diabetes(DKD-T1DM)and type 2 diabetes(DKD-T2DM)were analyzed by sex,age,year,and location.Numbers and age-standardized rates were used to compare the disease burden between DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM among locations.Decomposition analysis was used to assess the potential drivers.Locally weighted scatter plot smoothing and Frontier analysis were used to estimate sociodemographic transitions of DKD disability-adjusted life years(DALYs).Results:The DALYs due to DKD increased markedly from 1990 to 2021,with a 74.0%(from 2,227,518 to 3,875,628)and 173.6%(from 4,122,919 to 11,278,935)increase for DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM,respectively.In 2030,the estimated DALYs for DKD-T1DM surpassed 4.4 million,with that of DKD-T2DM exceeding 14.6 million.Notably,middle-sociodemographic index(SDI)quintile was responsible for the most significant DALYs.Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth and aging were major drivers for the increased DKD DALYs in most regions.Interestingly,the most pronounced effect of positive DALYs change from 1990 to 2021 was presented in high-SDI quintile,while in low-SDI quintile,DALYs for DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM presented a decreasing trend over the past years.Frontiers analysis revealed that there was a negative association between SDI quintiles and age-standardized DALY rates(ASDRs)in DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM.Countries with middle-SDI shouldered disproportionately high DKD burden.Kidney dysfunction(nearly 100.0%for DKD-T1DM and DKD-T2DM),high fasting plasma glucose(70.8%for DKD-T1DM and 87.4%for DKD-T2DM),and non-optimal temperatures(low and high,5.0%for DKD-T1DM and 5.1%for DKD-T2DM)were common risk factors for age-standardized DALYs in T1DM-DKD and T2DM-DKD.There were other specific risk factors for DKD-T2DM such as high body mass index(38.2%),high systolic blood pressure(10.2%),dietary risks(17.8%),low physical activity(6.2%),lead exposure(1.2%),and other environmental risks.Conclusions:DKD markedly increased and varied significantly across regions,contributing to a substantial disease burden,especially in middle-SDI countries.The rise in DKD is primarily driven by population growth,aging,and key risk factors such as high fasting plasma glucose and kidney dysfunction,with projections suggesting continued escalation of the burden by 2030.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(Nos.2021-1-I2M-1-054,2022-I2M-2-002,2023-I2M-2-006,2020-I2M-2-010,and 2021-I2M-1-070,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370087,China)+2 种基金Health and Medical Research Fund(HMRF)Commissioned Research on the Novel Coronavirus Disease(COVID1903010-Project 10,Hong Kong SAR,China)the PhD Research Startup Fund of Shanxi Medical University(XD2204,China)the Provincial Doctoral Fund of Shanxi Medical University(SD2312,China).
文摘The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as other potential future coronavirus has challenged the effectiveness of current COVID-19 vaccines.Therefore,there remains a need for alternative antivirals that target processes less susceptible to mutations,such as the formation of six-helix bundle(6-HB)during the viral fusion step of host cell entry.In this study,a novel high-throughput screening(HTS)assay employing a yeast-two-hybrid(Y2H)system was established to identify inhibitors of HR1/HR2 interaction.The compound IMB-9C,which achieved single-digit micromolar inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variants with low cytotoxicity,was selected.IMB-9C effectively blocks the HR1/HR2 interaction in vitro and inhibits SARS-CoV-2-S-mediated cell-cell fusion.It binds to both HR1 and HR2 through non-covalent interaction and influences the secondary structure of HR1/HR2 complex.In addition,virtual docking and site-mutagenesis results suggest that amino acid residues A930,I931,K933,T941,and L945 are critical for IMB-9C binding to HR1.Collectively,in this study,we have developed a novel screening method for HR1/HR2 interaction inhibitors and identified IMB-9C as a potential antiviral small molecule against COVID-19 and its variants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2023YFA1406800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.62275085,12021004,11934004,and 12104063).
文摘Coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics within a molecule are key to understanding a broad range of fundamental physical and chemical processes.Although probing the coupled vibrational and electronic dynamics was demonstrated,it has so far been challenging to observe the coupling interactions between the rotational and electronic degrees of freedom.Here,we report the first observation of Coriolis coupling,a coupling interaction between nuclear rotational angular momentum and electronic axial angular momentum,during laser-induced molecular fragmentation by tracing the electronic structure of a dissociating O+2 molecule.We observe that the electron density changes its shape from that of a molecularσorbital to a nearly isotropic shape as the internuclear distance goes up to∼20?which results from the transition between nearly degenerate electronic states associated with different rotational angular momenta.Our experiment demonstrates that the breaking of a chemical bond does not occur suddenly during molecular dissociation.Instead,it lasts for a long time of several hundred femtoseconds due to the Coriolis coupling interaction.Our experiment can be extended to complicated molecules,holding the potential of revealing yet unobserved electron–nuclear coupling interactions during ultrafast processes.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC2001005)
文摘To the Editor:Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a progressive disease caused by severe islet b-cell function impairment,resulting in high glucose variability(GV)in patients.[1]While intensive insulin treatment enabled T1DM patients to achieve near-normal glucose,reflected by reduced hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels,stricter HbA1c targets were associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia,which would compromise patients’quality of life and survival.[2]Recent studies suggest that GV reflects hypoglycemia better than HbA1c alone,and continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)provides a more comprehensive glycemic profile for better glucose indices assessment.[3]Therefore,we aimed to explore the relationship between the coefficient of variability(CV)of blood glucose and hypoglycemia in T1DM patients with different HbA1c levels and to identify the optimal cut-off values of CV for reducing the hypoglycemia risk in Chinese T1DM patients.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0308300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874163,61475055,and 12021004).
文摘Tunneling is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous processes in the quantum world.The question of how long a particle takes to tunnel through a potential barrier has sparked a long-standing debate since the early days of quantum mechanics.Here,we propose and demonstrate a novel scheme to accurately determine the tunneling time of an electron.In this scheme,a weak laser field is used to streak the tunneling current produced by a strong elliptically polarized laser field in an attoclock configuration,allowing us to retrieve the tunneling ionization time relative to the field maximum with a precision of a few attoseconds.This overcomes the difficulties in previous attoclock measurements wherein the Coulomb effect on the photoelectron momentum distribution has to be removed with theoretical models and it requires accurate information of the driving laser fields.We demonstrate that the tunneling time of an electron from an atom is close to zero within our experimental accuracy.Our study represents a straightforward approach toward attosecond time-resolved imaging of electron motion in atoms and molecules.
