Debates regarding the specific effects of general anesthesia on developing brains have persisted for over 30 years.A consensus has been reached that prolonged,repeated,high-dose exposure to anesthetics is associated w...Debates regarding the specific effects of general anesthesia on developing brains have persisted for over 30 years.A consensus has been reached that prolonged,repeated,high-dose exposure to anesthetics is associated with a higher incidence of deficits in behavior and executive function,while single exposure has a relatively minor effect on long-term neurological function.In this review,we summarize the dose-dependent neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonists,a representative group of sedatives,on developing brains or central nervous system diseases.Most preclinical research indicates that anesthetics have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain through various signal pathways.However,recent studies on low-dose anesthetics suggest that they may promote neurodevelopment during this critical period.These findings are incomprehensible for the general“dose-effect”principles of pharmacological research,which has attracted researchers'interest and led to the following questions:What is the threshold for the dual effects exerted by anesthetics such as propofol and sevoflurane on the developing brain?To what extent can their protective effects be maximized?What are the underlying mechanisms involved in these effects?Consequently,this issue has essentially become a“mathematical problem.”After summarizing the dose-dependent effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist sedatives in both the developing brain and the brains of patients with central nervous system diseases,we believe that all such anesthetics exhibit specific threshold effects unique to each drug.These effects range from neuroprotection to neurotoxicity,depending on different brain functional states.However,the exact values of the specific thresholds for different drugs in various brain states,as well as the underlying mechanisms explaining why these thresholds exist,remain unclear.Further in-depth exploration of these issues could significantly enhance the therapeutic translational value of these anesthetics.展开更多
The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferri...The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferric chloride hexahydrate(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O),and 10.0 mmol of o-phenylenediamine(C_(6)H_(8)N_(2))were combined with 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred until fully dissolved.”展开更多
Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge,thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage.However,the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus spe...Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge,thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage.However,the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus species within sludge was difficult to release into the fermentation liquor.To address this,this study evaluated the enhanced phosphorus release performance from sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds(Fe-P)via co-fermenting it with agriculture wastes.Specifically,protein-rich feather(Feather Group)and polysaccharide-rich tea residue(Tea Group)was respectively dosed into batch-scale fermentation jar.Results showed that the Feather Group exhibited significantly higher levels of released soluble phosphorus(2.1 folds)and volatile fatty acids(41.4 folds)compared to the Control Group,with concentrations reaching up to 280 mg/L and 9366 mg chemical oxygen demand/L,respectively.The activities ofα-glucosidase,neutral protease and acetate kinase in the Feather group were increased by 11.1%,92.3%and 37.6%,respectively,compared with the Control group.Methanogen abundance decreased while hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria increased significantly after supplying agricultural wastes.Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a significant increase in genes related to acetic acid synthesis.Mechanism elucidation suggested that increased iron-reducing bacteria abundance promoted Fe3+reduction into Fe2+,thus enhancing phosphorus release from Fe-P compounds.This work may provide valuable information for developing effective strategy to extract phosphorus resource from complex environmental wastes.展开更多
Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a biocompatible ferruginated carbon quantum dots (Fe-CQDs...Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a biocompatible ferruginated carbon quantum dots (Fe-CQDs) nanozyme is developed to target ROS, thereby reducing oxidative damage and improving the absorption and transfer of Cd ions in wheat. Notably, Fe-CQDs exhibit multi-enzyme activities mimicking peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), enabling effective neutralization of active species such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)), and superoxide anions (O_(2)•^(-)). Importantly, root application of 10 mg L^(-1) Fe-CQDs alleviates Cd stress and promotes wheat growth in both hydroponic and soil cultures. Specifically, the levels of O_(2)•^(-), H_(2)O_(2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaf tissues decrease, whereas the non-enzyme antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), increases. Cell wall thickness in the Fe-CQDs-treated group is reduced by 42.4% compared with the Cd group. Moreover, Fe-CQDs enhance the expression of genes related to antioxidants, stress resistance, Cd detoxification, and nutrient transport. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show that Fe-CQDs stimulate the production of flavonoids and regulate the activity of metal transporter genes (YSL, ABC, ZIP) to maintain ROS homeostasis. These findings highlight the potential of Fe-CQDs nanozyme platforms in mitigating oxidative damage and enhancing crop growth, offering new insights into the application of nanobiotechnology in agriculture.展开更多
Fencing for grazing exclusion is regarded as a traditional and effective method for the natural restoration of degraded alpine steppe,and it effectively promotes plant growth and enhances soil carbon stocks.Arbuscular...Fencing for grazing exclusion is regarded as a traditional and effective method for the natural restoration of degraded alpine steppe,and it effectively promotes plant growth and enhances soil carbon stocks.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are essential microorganisms in grassland that play a major role in plant-derived C translocation into the soil.However,the effects of fencing on AMF communities and their contributions to soil carbon sequestration are still unclear.In this study,alpine steppe areas with three different fencing durations(free grazing,medium-term fencing for 5-6 years and long-term fencing for more than 10 years)in the northern Tibetan Plateau were selected to explore the effects of grazing exclusion on AMF communities and their roles in soil carbon sequestration.The results showed that medium-and long-term fencing significantly increased both plant aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon(SOC)content.The AMF community composition varied significantly during different fencing durations,with a dramatic increase in the relative abundance of Glomus but a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Diversispora with longer fencing time.Medium-term fencing significantly increased AMF richness and the ShannonWiener index.Meanwhile,fencing significantly increased hyphal length density(HLD),glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)and the proportion of macroaggregates(250-2,000μm),all of which contribute positively to SOC.Structural equation modeling revealed that fencing time positively influenced HLD and the AMF community composition,subsequently affecting T-GRSP,which was tightly correlated with SOC.Our findings suggest the potentially important contribution of AMF to SOC sequestration,so more attention should be paid to AMF during alpine steppe fencing,particularly for enhancing the efficiency of degraded grassland restoration efforts.展开更多
In order to accurately predict bus travel time, a hybrid model based on combining wavelet transform technique with support vector regression(WT-SVR) model is employed. In this model, wavelet decomposition is used to e...In order to accurately predict bus travel time, a hybrid model based on combining wavelet transform technique with support vector regression(WT-SVR) model is employed. In this model, wavelet decomposition is used to extract important information of data at different levels and enhances the forecasting ability of the model. After wavelet transform different components are forecasted by their corresponding SVR predictors. The final prediction result is obtained by the summation of the predicted results for each component. The proposed hybrid model is examined by the data of bus route No.550 in Nanjing, China. The performance of WT-SVR model is evaluated by mean absolute error(MAE), mean absolute percent error(MAPE) and relative mean square error(RMSE), and also compared to regular SVR and ANN models. The results show that the prediction method based on wavelet transform and SVR has better tracking ability and dynamic behavior than regular SVR and ANN models. The forecasting performance is remarkably improved to obtain within 6% MAPE for testing section Ⅰ and 8% MAPE for testing section Ⅱ, which proves that the suggested approach is feasible and applicable in bus travel time prediction.展开更多
This paper proposes a method for the rapid detection of subsurface damage(SSD)of Si C using atmospheric inductivity coupled plasma.As a plasma etching method operated at ambient pressure with no bias voltage,this meth...This paper proposes a method for the rapid detection of subsurface damage(SSD)of Si C using atmospheric inductivity coupled plasma.As a plasma etching method operated at ambient pressure with no bias voltage,this method does not introduce any new SSD to the substrate.Plasma diagnosis and simulation are used to optimize the detection operation.Assisted by an Si C cover,a taper can be etched on the substrate with a high material removal rate.Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope are used to analyze the etching results,and scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM)is adopted to confirm the accuracy of this method.The STEM result also indicates that etching does not introduce any SSD,and the thoroughly etched surface is a perfectly single crystal.A rapid SSD screening ability is also demonstrated,showing that this method is a promising approach for the rapid detection of SSD.展开更多
Recently,transition-metal-based kagome metals have aroused much research interest as a novel platform to explore exotic topological quantum phenomena.Here we report on the synthesis,structure,and physical properties o...Recently,transition-metal-based kagome metals have aroused much research interest as a novel platform to explore exotic topological quantum phenomena.Here we report on the synthesis,structure,and physical properties of a bilayer kagome lattice compound V_(3)Sb_(2).The polycrystalline V_(3)Sb_(2) samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state-reaction method in a sealed quartz tube at temperatures below 850℃.Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and resistivity revealed consistently a density-wave-like transition at Tdw≈160 K with a large thermal hysteresis,even though some sample-dependent behaviors were observed presumably due to the different preparation conditions.Upon cooling through Tdw,no strong anomaly in lattice parameters and no indication of symmetry lowering were detected in powder x-ray diffraction measurements.This transition can be suppressed completely by applying hydrostatic pressures of about 1.8 GPa,around which no sign of superconductivity was observed down to 1.5 K.Specific-heat measurements revealed a relatively large Sommerfeld coefficientγ=18.5 mJ·mol^(-1)·K^(-2),confirming the metallic ground state with moderate electronic correlations.Density functional theory calculations indicate that V_(3)Sb_(2) shows a non-trivial topological crystalline property.Thus,our study makes V_(3)Sb_(2) a new candidate of metallic kagome compound to study the interplay between density-wave-order,nontrivial band topology,and possible superconductivity.展开更多
The utilization of urban underground space in a smart city requires an accurate understanding of the underground structure.As an effective technique,Rayleigh wave exploration can accurately obtain information on the s...The utilization of urban underground space in a smart city requires an accurate understanding of the underground structure.As an effective technique,Rayleigh wave exploration can accurately obtain information on the subsurface.In particular,Rayleigh wave dispersion curves can be used to determine the near-surface shear-wave velocity structure.This is a typical multiparameter,high-dimensional nonlinear inverse problem because the velocities and thickness of each layer must be inverted simultaneously.Nonlinear methods such as simulated annealing(SA)are commonly used to solve this inverse problem.However,SA controls the iterative process though temperature rather than the error,and the search direction is random;hence,SA always falls into a local optimum when the temperature setting is inaccurate.Specifically,for the inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves,the inversion accuracy will decrease with an increasing number of layers due to the greater number of inversion parameters and large dimension.To solve the above problems,we convert the multiparameter,highdimensional inverse problem into multiple low-dimensional optimizations to improve the algorithm accuracy by incorporating the principle of block coordinate descent(BCD)into SA.Then,we convert the temperature control conditions in the original SA method into error control conditions.At the same time,we introduce the differential evolution(DE)method to ensure that the iterative error steadily decreases by correcting the iterative error direction in each iteration.Finally,the inversion stability is improved,and the proposed inversion method,the block coordinate descent differential evolution simulated annealing(BCDESA)algorithm,is implemented.The performance of BCDESA is validated by using both synthetic data and field data from western China.The results show that the BCDESA algorithm has stronger global optimization capabilities than SA,and the inversion results have higher stability and accuracy.In addition,synthetic data analysis also shows that BCDESA can avoid the problems of the conventional SA method,which assumes the S-wave velocity structure in advance.The robustness and adaptability of the algorithm are improved,and more accurate shear-wave velocity and thickness information can be extracted from Rayleigh wave dispersion curves.展开更多
The large amount of refractory organic wastewater produced from industry and agriculture sectors poses a significant threat to both water ecosystems and human health,necessitating the exploration of cost-efficient and...The large amount of refractory organic wastewater produced from industry and agriculture sectors poses a significant threat to both water ecosystems and human health,necessitating the exploration of cost-efficient and efficacious removal techniques.Persulfate,when activated by various catalysts,can produce oxidative species,demonstrating promising potential in remediating organic wastewater.In recent years,numerous studies have unveiled that persulfate can be readily decomposed into nonradicals,which exhibits high selectivity toward pollutants and robust performance in complex wastewater environments.However,the challenges in identifying non-radicals and the unclear catalytic mechanism hinder its further application.This paper critically reviews the research progress on non-radical oxidation in persulfate-based heterogeneous catalytic system.The main advancements and existing challenges in three non-radical oxidation pathways,i.e.,singlet oxygen,electron transfer,and high-valent metal oxides,are summarized,and the key factors influencing the production of nonradicals are elaborated.The engineering aspects of non-radical oxidation system are further discussed,and the future prospects of this technology in wastewater treatment are envisaged.This review aims to bridge the knowledge gaps between current research and future requirements.展开更多
With thousands of years of application history,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in the prevention of various chronic diseases,and in recent years,the development of TCM has presented a situation ...With thousands of years of application history,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in the prevention of various chronic diseases,and in recent years,the development of TCM has presented a situation where opportunities and challenges coexist.Phenomics is an emerging area of life science research,which has numerous similarities to the cognitive perspective of TCM.Thus,how to carry out the interdisciplinary research between TCM and phenomics deserves in-depth discussion.Diabetes is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases around the world,and TCM plays an important role in all stages of diabetes treatment,but the molecular mechanisms are difficult to elucidate.Phenomics research can not only reveal the hidden scientific connotations of TCM,but also provide a bridge for the confluence and complementary between TCM and Western medicine.Facing the challenges of the TCM phenomics research,we suggest applying the State-target theory(STT)to overall plan relevant researches,namely,focusing on the disease development,change trends,and core targets of each stage,and to deepen the understanding of TCM disease phenotypes and the therapeutic mechanisms of herbal medicine.展开更多
Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have been considered a promising alternative for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).However,there is significant heterogeneity in their therapeutic efficacy,largely o...Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have been considered a promising alternative for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).However,there is significant heterogeneity in their therapeutic efficacy,largely owing to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activities of MSCs.Here,we hypothesize that the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway(CAP),which is recognized as a neuroimmunological pathway,may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate ARDS.Using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and bacterial lung inflammation models,we found that inflammatory cell infiltration and Evans blue leakage were reduced and that the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)and vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT)in lung tissue were significantly increased 6 hours after MSC infusion.When the vagus nerve was blocked orα7 nicotinic acetylcholine(ACh)receptor(α7nAChR)-knockout mice were used,the therapeutic effects of MSCs were significantly reduced,suggesting that the CAP may play an important role in the effects of MSCs in ARDS treatment.Our results further showed that MSC-derived prostaglandin E2(PGE2)likely promoted ACh synthesis and release.Additionally,based on the efficacy of nAChR andα7nAChR agonists,we found that lobeline,the nicotinic cholinergic receptor excitation stimulant,may attenuate pulmonary inflammation and alleviate respiratory symptoms of ARDS patients in a clinical study(ChiCTR2100047403).In summary,we reveal a previously unrecognized MSC-mediated mechanism of CAP activation as the means by which MSCs alleviate ARDS-like syndrome,providing insight into the clinical translation of MSCs or CAP-related strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS.展开更多
As a typical family of volatile toxic compounds,benzene derivatives are massive emission in industrial production and the automobile field,causing serious threat to human and environment.The reliable and convenient de...As a typical family of volatile toxic compounds,benzene derivatives are massive emission in industrial production and the automobile field,causing serious threat to human and environment.The reliable and convenient detection of low concentration benzene derivatives based on intelligent gas sensor is urgent and of great significance for environmental protection.Herein,through heteroatomic doping engineering,rare-earth gadolinium(Gd)doped mesoporous WO_(3)with uniform mesopores(15.7–18.1 nm),tunable high specific surface area(52–55 m^(2)·g^(−1)),customized crystalline pore walls,was designed and utilized to fabricate highly sensitive gas sensors toward benzene derivatives,such as ethylbenzene.Thanks to the high-density oxygen vacancies(OV)and significantly increased defects(W^(5+))produced by Gd atoms doping into the lattice of WO_(3)octahedron,Gd-doped mesoporous WO_(3)exhibited excellent ethylbenzene sensing performance,including high response(237 vs.50 ppm),rapid response–recovery dynamic(13 s/25 s vs.50 ppm),extremely low theoretical detection limit of 24 ppb.The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry results revealed the gas sensing process underwent a catalytic oxidation conversion of ethylbenzene into alcohol species,benzaldehyde,acetophenone,and carboxylate species along with the resistance change of the Gd-doped mesoporous WO_(3)based sensor.Moreover,a portable smart gas sensing module was fabricated and demonstrated for real-time detecting ethylbenzene,which provided new ideas to design heteroatom doped mesoporous materials for intelligent sensors.展开更多
Hemophilic articular cartilage damage presents a significant challenge for surgeons,characterized by recurrent intraarticular bleeding,a severe inflammatory microenvironment,and limited self-repair capability of carti...Hemophilic articular cartilage damage presents a significant challenge for surgeons,characterized by recurrent intraarticular bleeding,a severe inflammatory microenvironment,and limited self-repair capability of cartilage tissue.Currently,there is a lack of tissue engineering-based integrated therapies that address both early hemostasis,anti-inflammation,and long-lasting chondrogenesis for hemophilic articular cartilage defects.Herein,we developed an adhesive hydrogel using oxidized chondroitin sulfate and gelatin,loaded with exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs)(Hydrogel-Exos).This hydrogel demonstrated favorable injectability,self-healing,biocompatibility,biodegradability,swelling,frictional and mechanical properties,providing a comprehensive approach to treating hemophilic articular cartilage defects.The adhesive hydrogel,featuring dynamic Schiff base bonds and hydrogen bonds,exhibited excellent wet tissue adhesiveness and hemostatic properties.In a pig model,the hydrogel could be smoothly injected into the knee joint cartilage defect site and gelled in situ under fluid-irrigated arthroscopic conditions.Our in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that the sustained release of exosomes yielded anti-inflammatory effects by modulating macrophage M2 polarization through the NF-κB pathway.This immunoregulatory effect,coupled with the extracellular matrix components provided by the adhesive hydrogel,enhanced chondrogenesis,promoted the cartilage repair and joint function restoration after hemophilic articular cartilage defects.In conclusion,our results highlight the significant application potential of Hydrogel-Exos for early hemostasis,immunoregulation,and long-term chondrogenesis in hemophilic patients with cartilage injuries.This innovative approach is well-suited for application during arthroscopic procedures,offering a promising solution for addressing the complex challenges associated with hemophilic articular cartilage damage.展开更多
文摘Debates regarding the specific effects of general anesthesia on developing brains have persisted for over 30 years.A consensus has been reached that prolonged,repeated,high-dose exposure to anesthetics is associated with a higher incidence of deficits in behavior and executive function,while single exposure has a relatively minor effect on long-term neurological function.In this review,we summarize the dose-dependent neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonists,a representative group of sedatives,on developing brains or central nervous system diseases.Most preclinical research indicates that anesthetics have neurotoxic effects on the developing brain through various signal pathways.However,recent studies on low-dose anesthetics suggest that they may promote neurodevelopment during this critical period.These findings are incomprehensible for the general“dose-effect”principles of pharmacological research,which has attracted researchers'interest and led to the following questions:What is the threshold for the dual effects exerted by anesthetics such as propofol and sevoflurane on the developing brain?To what extent can their protective effects be maximized?What are the underlying mechanisms involved in these effects?Consequently,this issue has essentially become a“mathematical problem.”After summarizing the dose-dependent effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist sedatives in both the developing brain and the brains of patients with central nervous system diseases,we believe that all such anesthetics exhibit specific threshold effects unique to each drug.These effects range from neuroprotection to neurotoxicity,depending on different brain functional states.However,the exact values of the specific thresholds for different drugs in various brain states,as well as the underlying mechanisms explaining why these thresholds exist,remain unclear.Further in-depth exploration of these issues could significantly enhance the therapeutic translational value of these anesthetics.
文摘The authors regret to report some missing information in the synthetic reagents and associated changes of the paper.On page 511,the author information reads:“5.0 mmol of citric acid(C_(6)H_(8)O_(7)),5.0 mmol of ferric chloride hexahydrate(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O),and 10.0 mmol of o-phenylenediamine(C_(6)H_(8)N_(2))were combined with 40 mL of deionized water and magnetically stirred until fully dissolved.”
基金supported by the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03149).
文摘Anaerobic fermentation is an efficient method to extract phosphorus from excess sludge,thereby facilitating its recovery and mitigating the phosphorus resource shortage.However,the prevalent metal-bound phosphorus species within sludge was difficult to release into the fermentation liquor.To address this,this study evaluated the enhanced phosphorus release performance from sludge containing iron-phosphorus compounds(Fe-P)via co-fermenting it with agriculture wastes.Specifically,protein-rich feather(Feather Group)and polysaccharide-rich tea residue(Tea Group)was respectively dosed into batch-scale fermentation jar.Results showed that the Feather Group exhibited significantly higher levels of released soluble phosphorus(2.1 folds)and volatile fatty acids(41.4 folds)compared to the Control Group,with concentrations reaching up to 280 mg/L and 9366 mg chemical oxygen demand/L,respectively.The activities ofα-glucosidase,neutral protease and acetate kinase in the Feather group were increased by 11.1%,92.3%and 37.6%,respectively,compared with the Control group.Methanogen abundance decreased while hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria and iron-reducing bacteria increased significantly after supplying agricultural wastes.Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a significant increase in genes related to acetic acid synthesis.Mechanism elucidation suggested that increased iron-reducing bacteria abundance promoted Fe3+reduction into Fe2+,thus enhancing phosphorus release from Fe-P compounds.This work may provide valuable information for developing effective strategy to extract phosphorus resource from complex environmental wastes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3237152 and 22104102)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (2025ZNSFSC0155)+1 种基金Open Project Program (SKL-KF202416) of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaTwo-Way Support Programs of Sichuan Agricultural University (P202105)
文摘Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative damage through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a biocompatible ferruginated carbon quantum dots (Fe-CQDs) nanozyme is developed to target ROS, thereby reducing oxidative damage and improving the absorption and transfer of Cd ions in wheat. Notably, Fe-CQDs exhibit multi-enzyme activities mimicking peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), enabling effective neutralization of active species such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)), and superoxide anions (O_(2)•^(-)). Importantly, root application of 10 mg L^(-1) Fe-CQDs alleviates Cd stress and promotes wheat growth in both hydroponic and soil cultures. Specifically, the levels of O_(2)•^(-), H_(2)O_(2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaf tissues decrease, whereas the non-enzyme antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), increases. Cell wall thickness in the Fe-CQDs-treated group is reduced by 42.4% compared with the Cd group. Moreover, Fe-CQDs enhance the expression of genes related to antioxidants, stress resistance, Cd detoxification, and nutrient transport. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show that Fe-CQDs stimulate the production of flavonoids and regulate the activity of metal transporter genes (YSL, ABC, ZIP) to maintain ROS homeostasis. These findings highlight the potential of Fe-CQDs nanozyme platforms in mitigating oxidative damage and enhancing crop growth, offering new insights into the application of nanobiotechnology in agriculture.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,China(2019QZKK0304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31800380 and 31761123001-1)。
文摘Fencing for grazing exclusion is regarded as a traditional and effective method for the natural restoration of degraded alpine steppe,and it effectively promotes plant growth and enhances soil carbon stocks.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)are essential microorganisms in grassland that play a major role in plant-derived C translocation into the soil.However,the effects of fencing on AMF communities and their contributions to soil carbon sequestration are still unclear.In this study,alpine steppe areas with three different fencing durations(free grazing,medium-term fencing for 5-6 years and long-term fencing for more than 10 years)in the northern Tibetan Plateau were selected to explore the effects of grazing exclusion on AMF communities and their roles in soil carbon sequestration.The results showed that medium-and long-term fencing significantly increased both plant aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon(SOC)content.The AMF community composition varied significantly during different fencing durations,with a dramatic increase in the relative abundance of Glomus but a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Diversispora with longer fencing time.Medium-term fencing significantly increased AMF richness and the ShannonWiener index.Meanwhile,fencing significantly increased hyphal length density(HLD),glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP)and the proportion of macroaggregates(250-2,000μm),all of which contribute positively to SOC.Structural equation modeling revealed that fencing time positively influenced HLD and the AMF community composition,subsequently affecting T-GRSP,which was tightly correlated with SOC.Our findings suggest the potentially important contribution of AMF to SOC sequestration,so more attention should be paid to AMF during alpine steppe fencing,particularly for enhancing the efficiency of degraded grassland restoration efforts.
基金Sponsored by the Projects of International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51561135003)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduated School of Southeast University(Grant No.YBJJ1842)
文摘In order to accurately predict bus travel time, a hybrid model based on combining wavelet transform technique with support vector regression(WT-SVR) model is employed. In this model, wavelet decomposition is used to extract important information of data at different levels and enhances the forecasting ability of the model. After wavelet transform different components are forecasted by their corresponding SVR predictors. The final prediction result is obtained by the summation of the predicted results for each component. The proposed hybrid model is examined by the data of bus route No.550 in Nanjing, China. The performance of WT-SVR model is evaluated by mean absolute error(MAE), mean absolute percent error(MAPE) and relative mean square error(RMSE), and also compared to regular SVR and ANN models. The results show that the prediction method based on wavelet transform and SVR has better tracking ability and dynamic behavior than regular SVR and ANN models. The forecasting performance is remarkably improved to obtain within 6% MAPE for testing section Ⅰ and 8% MAPE for testing section Ⅱ, which proves that the suggested approach is feasible and applicable in bus travel time prediction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52035009,52005243)the Science and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20200109141003910,GJHZ20180928155412525)。
文摘This paper proposes a method for the rapid detection of subsurface damage(SSD)of Si C using atmospheric inductivity coupled plasma.As a plasma etching method operated at ambient pressure with no bias voltage,this method does not introduce any new SSD to the substrate.Plasma diagnosis and simulation are used to optimize the detection operation.Assisted by an Si C cover,a taper can be etched on the substrate with a high material removal rate.Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope are used to analyze the etching results,and scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM)is adopted to confirm the accuracy of this method.The STEM result also indicates that etching does not introduce any SSD,and the thoroughly etched surface is a perfectly single crystal.A rapid SSD screening ability is also demonstrated,showing that this method is a promising approach for the rapid detection of SSD.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305700 and 2018YFA0305800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12025408,11874400,11834016,11921004,11888101,and 11904391)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.Z190008)the Strategic Priority Research Program and Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant Nos.XDB25000000,XDB33000000 and QYZDBSSW-SLH013)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(Grant No.JCTD-201-01)supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences and Engineering Division。
文摘Recently,transition-metal-based kagome metals have aroused much research interest as a novel platform to explore exotic topological quantum phenomena.Here we report on the synthesis,structure,and physical properties of a bilayer kagome lattice compound V_(3)Sb_(2).The polycrystalline V_(3)Sb_(2) samples were synthesized by conventional solid-state-reaction method in a sealed quartz tube at temperatures below 850℃.Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and resistivity revealed consistently a density-wave-like transition at Tdw≈160 K with a large thermal hysteresis,even though some sample-dependent behaviors were observed presumably due to the different preparation conditions.Upon cooling through Tdw,no strong anomaly in lattice parameters and no indication of symmetry lowering were detected in powder x-ray diffraction measurements.This transition can be suppressed completely by applying hydrostatic pressures of about 1.8 GPa,around which no sign of superconductivity was observed down to 1.5 K.Specific-heat measurements revealed a relatively large Sommerfeld coefficientγ=18.5 mJ·mol^(-1)·K^(-2),confirming the metallic ground state with moderate electronic correlations.Density functional theory calculations indicate that V_(3)Sb_(2) shows a non-trivial topological crystalline property.Thus,our study makes V_(3)Sb_(2) a new candidate of metallic kagome compound to study the interplay between density-wave-order,nontrivial band topology,and possible superconductivity.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NOs.41974150,42174158,42174151,41804126)a supporting program for outstanding talent of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(No.2019-QR-01)+1 种基金Project of Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Central Universities(ZYGX2019J071ZYGX 2020J013).
文摘The utilization of urban underground space in a smart city requires an accurate understanding of the underground structure.As an effective technique,Rayleigh wave exploration can accurately obtain information on the subsurface.In particular,Rayleigh wave dispersion curves can be used to determine the near-surface shear-wave velocity structure.This is a typical multiparameter,high-dimensional nonlinear inverse problem because the velocities and thickness of each layer must be inverted simultaneously.Nonlinear methods such as simulated annealing(SA)are commonly used to solve this inverse problem.However,SA controls the iterative process though temperature rather than the error,and the search direction is random;hence,SA always falls into a local optimum when the temperature setting is inaccurate.Specifically,for the inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves,the inversion accuracy will decrease with an increasing number of layers due to the greater number of inversion parameters and large dimension.To solve the above problems,we convert the multiparameter,highdimensional inverse problem into multiple low-dimensional optimizations to improve the algorithm accuracy by incorporating the principle of block coordinate descent(BCD)into SA.Then,we convert the temperature control conditions in the original SA method into error control conditions.At the same time,we introduce the differential evolution(DE)method to ensure that the iterative error steadily decreases by correcting the iterative error direction in each iteration.Finally,the inversion stability is improved,and the proposed inversion method,the block coordinate descent differential evolution simulated annealing(BCDESA)algorithm,is implemented.The performance of BCDESA is validated by using both synthetic data and field data from western China.The results show that the BCDESA algorithm has stronger global optimization capabilities than SA,and the inversion results have higher stability and accuracy.In addition,synthetic data analysis also shows that BCDESA can avoid the problems of the conventional SA method,which assumes the S-wave velocity structure in advance.The robustness and adaptability of the algorithm are improved,and more accurate shear-wave velocity and thickness information can be extracted from Rayleigh wave dispersion curves.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908172)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03149)for the financial support of this work.
文摘The large amount of refractory organic wastewater produced from industry and agriculture sectors poses a significant threat to both water ecosystems and human health,necessitating the exploration of cost-efficient and efficacious removal techniques.Persulfate,when activated by various catalysts,can produce oxidative species,demonstrating promising potential in remediating organic wastewater.In recent years,numerous studies have unveiled that persulfate can be readily decomposed into nonradicals,which exhibits high selectivity toward pollutants and robust performance in complex wastewater environments.However,the challenges in identifying non-radicals and the unclear catalytic mechanism hinder its further application.This paper critically reviews the research progress on non-radical oxidation in persulfate-based heterogeneous catalytic system.The main advancements and existing challenges in three non-radical oxidation pathways,i.e.,singlet oxygen,electron transfer,and high-valent metal oxides,are summarized,and the key factors influencing the production of nonradicals are elaborated.The engineering aspects of non-radical oxidation system are further discussed,and the future prospects of this technology in wastewater treatment are envisaged.This review aims to bridge the knowledge gaps between current research and future requirements.
基金supported by Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China](No.ZYYCXTD-D-202001)Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.CI2021A01600,No.CI2021A01606).
文摘With thousands of years of application history,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in the prevention of various chronic diseases,and in recent years,the development of TCM has presented a situation where opportunities and challenges coexist.Phenomics is an emerging area of life science research,which has numerous similarities to the cognitive perspective of TCM.Thus,how to carry out the interdisciplinary research between TCM and phenomics deserves in-depth discussion.Diabetes is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases around the world,and TCM plays an important role in all stages of diabetes treatment,but the molecular mechanisms are difficult to elucidate.Phenomics research can not only reveal the hidden scientific connotations of TCM,but also provide a bridge for the confluence and complementary between TCM and Western medicine.Facing the challenges of the TCM phenomics research,we suggest applying the State-target theory(STT)to overall plan relevant researches,namely,focusing on the disease development,change trends,and core targets of each stage,and to deepen the understanding of TCM disease phenotypes and the therapeutic mechanisms of herbal medicine.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Stem Cell and Translational Research(2018YFA0107200,2019YFA0110303,2021YFA1100600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730005,32130046,81900075,81970109,82170540,81721003)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A0303130305,2021A1515011759,2022A1515012452,2022A1515011919)Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B020236002)Key Scientific and Technological Program of Guangzhou City(201803040011),and Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010095).
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)have been considered a promising alternative for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).However,there is significant heterogeneity in their therapeutic efficacy,largely owing to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activities of MSCs.Here,we hypothesize that the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway(CAP),which is recognized as a neuroimmunological pathway,may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate ARDS.Using lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and bacterial lung inflammation models,we found that inflammatory cell infiltration and Evans blue leakage were reduced and that the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT)and vesicular acetylcholine transporter(VAChT)in lung tissue were significantly increased 6 hours after MSC infusion.When the vagus nerve was blocked orα7 nicotinic acetylcholine(ACh)receptor(α7nAChR)-knockout mice were used,the therapeutic effects of MSCs were significantly reduced,suggesting that the CAP may play an important role in the effects of MSCs in ARDS treatment.Our results further showed that MSC-derived prostaglandin E2(PGE2)likely promoted ACh synthesis and release.Additionally,based on the efficacy of nAChR andα7nAChR agonists,we found that lobeline,the nicotinic cholinergic receptor excitation stimulant,may attenuate pulmonary inflammation and alleviate respiratory symptoms of ARDS patients in a clinical study(ChiCTR2100047403).In summary,we reveal a previously unrecognized MSC-mediated mechanism of CAP activation as the means by which MSCs alleviate ARDS-like syndrome,providing insight into the clinical translation of MSCs or CAP-related strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFB2008600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21875044,22125501,and 22105043)+4 种基金the Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.20JC1415300)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2021TQ0066 and 2021M690660)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720220010)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,the young scientist project of MOE innovation platform,Donghua University(No.KF2120)the Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.2017IT100121).
文摘As a typical family of volatile toxic compounds,benzene derivatives are massive emission in industrial production and the automobile field,causing serious threat to human and environment.The reliable and convenient detection of low concentration benzene derivatives based on intelligent gas sensor is urgent and of great significance for environmental protection.Herein,through heteroatomic doping engineering,rare-earth gadolinium(Gd)doped mesoporous WO_(3)with uniform mesopores(15.7–18.1 nm),tunable high specific surface area(52–55 m^(2)·g^(−1)),customized crystalline pore walls,was designed and utilized to fabricate highly sensitive gas sensors toward benzene derivatives,such as ethylbenzene.Thanks to the high-density oxygen vacancies(OV)and significantly increased defects(W^(5+))produced by Gd atoms doping into the lattice of WO_(3)octahedron,Gd-doped mesoporous WO_(3)exhibited excellent ethylbenzene sensing performance,including high response(237 vs.50 ppm),rapid response–recovery dynamic(13 s/25 s vs.50 ppm),extremely low theoretical detection limit of 24 ppb.The in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry results revealed the gas sensing process underwent a catalytic oxidation conversion of ethylbenzene into alcohol species,benzaldehyde,acetophenone,and carboxylate species along with the resistance change of the Gd-doped mesoporous WO_(3)based sensor.Moreover,a portable smart gas sensing module was fabricated and demonstrated for real-time detecting ethylbenzene,which provided new ideas to design heteroatom doped mesoporous materials for intelligent sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(82202662)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(2023A04J2314)+11 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12,272,164)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741563)the Clinical Research Startup Program of Southern Medical University by High-level University Construction Funding of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(LC2019ZD001)the Clinical Research Program of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University(2019CR016)the Project of Drug Clinical Evaluate Research of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association(CPA-Z06-ZC-2021-004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82370497)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong(A2024366)Huizhou Science Technology Project Foundation(2022CZ010423)the Macao Science and Technology Development fund(FDCT(0012/2021/AMJ,003/2022/ALC,0092/2022/A2,0144/2022/A3))the Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Fund(Category C:SGDX20220530111203020)the Foundation of Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515140151&2022A1515140189&2023A1515140045&2022A1515140071)the National Orthopaedics Key Clinical Specialty Construction Research Foundation of Huizhou Central People’s Hospital.
文摘Hemophilic articular cartilage damage presents a significant challenge for surgeons,characterized by recurrent intraarticular bleeding,a severe inflammatory microenvironment,and limited self-repair capability of cartilage tissue.Currently,there is a lack of tissue engineering-based integrated therapies that address both early hemostasis,anti-inflammation,and long-lasting chondrogenesis for hemophilic articular cartilage defects.Herein,we developed an adhesive hydrogel using oxidized chondroitin sulfate and gelatin,loaded with exosomes derived from bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs)(Hydrogel-Exos).This hydrogel demonstrated favorable injectability,self-healing,biocompatibility,biodegradability,swelling,frictional and mechanical properties,providing a comprehensive approach to treating hemophilic articular cartilage defects.The adhesive hydrogel,featuring dynamic Schiff base bonds and hydrogen bonds,exhibited excellent wet tissue adhesiveness and hemostatic properties.In a pig model,the hydrogel could be smoothly injected into the knee joint cartilage defect site and gelled in situ under fluid-irrigated arthroscopic conditions.Our in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that the sustained release of exosomes yielded anti-inflammatory effects by modulating macrophage M2 polarization through the NF-κB pathway.This immunoregulatory effect,coupled with the extracellular matrix components provided by the adhesive hydrogel,enhanced chondrogenesis,promoted the cartilage repair and joint function restoration after hemophilic articular cartilage defects.In conclusion,our results highlight the significant application potential of Hydrogel-Exos for early hemostasis,immunoregulation,and long-term chondrogenesis in hemophilic patients with cartilage injuries.This innovative approach is well-suited for application during arthroscopic procedures,offering a promising solution for addressing the complex challenges associated with hemophilic articular cartilage damage.
