The In Vitro Bionic Digestion Model(IVBDM)are used to simulate the digestion process of food or pharmaceuticals in corresponding digestion tracts for obtaining the digestion data,which are expected to replace in vivo ...The In Vitro Bionic Digestion Model(IVBDM)are used to simulate the digestion process of food or pharmaceuticals in corresponding digestion tracts for obtaining the digestion data,which are expected to replace in vivo experiments with ani-mals in the early stages of functional food or drug development,and thus have broad applications prospects.However,little is known so far about how the factors including the Young's modulus of the model,the level,location and direction of the applied load,affect the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBDM.Based on an In Vitro Bionic Rat Stomach Model(IVBRSM),simulation and experimental analysis were conducted to examine the factors effecting the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBRSM.It is shown that Young's modulus of the model significantly affects the peristalsis amplitude,with lower Young's modulus resulting in larger amplitude.Load level,location,and direction also influence the peristalsis amplitude.Addition-ally,IVBRSM size and wall thickness play a role,with larger models requiring higher load levels or lower Young's modulus for the same peristalsis amplitude.Simulation data correlate well with experimental results.These findings contribute to the understanding of the peristalsis state of IVBRSM under different conditions and can guide the design and fabrication of such in vitro bionic digestion models.展开更多
Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors are widely distributed in eukaryotes,and in plants,they regulate many biological processes,such as cell differentiation,development,metabolism,and stress responses.Few...Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors are widely distributed in eukaryotes,and in plants,they regulate many biological processes,such as cell differentiation,development,metabolism,and stress responses.Few studies have focused on the roles of bHLH transcription factors in regulating growth,development,and stress responses in maize(Zea mays),even though such information would greatly benefit maize breeding programs.In this study,we cloned the maize transcription factor gene ZmbHLH36(Gene ID:100193615,GRMZM2G008691).ZmbHLH36 possesses conserved domains characteristic of the bHLH family.RT-qPCR analysis revealed that ZmbHLH36 was expressed at the highest level in maize roots and exhibited different expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions.Transgenic Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)plants heterologously expressing ZmbHLH36 had significantly longer roots than the corresponding non-transgenic plants under 0.1 and 0.15 mol L^(−1) NaCl treatment as well as 0.2 mol L^(−1) mannitol treatment.Phenotypic analysis of soil-grown plants under stress showed that transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring ZmbHLH36 exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance and salt tolerance compared to the corresponding non-transgenic plants.Malondialdehyde contents were lower and peroxidase activity was higher in ZmbHLH36-expressing Arabidopsis plants than in the corresponding non-transgenic plants.ZmbHLH36 localized to the nucleus when expressed in maize protoplasts.This study provides a systematic analysis of the effects of ZmbHLH36 on root growth,development,and stress responses in transgenic Arabidopsis,laying a foundation for further analysis of its roles and molecular mechanisms in maize.展开更多
基金supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Program Project of Shihezi University(Grant No.JCYJ202311)Tianchi Innovation Leading Talent Development Fund in Xinjiang Bingtuan(Grant No.CZ002710)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31800828).
文摘The In Vitro Bionic Digestion Model(IVBDM)are used to simulate the digestion process of food or pharmaceuticals in corresponding digestion tracts for obtaining the digestion data,which are expected to replace in vivo experiments with ani-mals in the early stages of functional food or drug development,and thus have broad applications prospects.However,little is known so far about how the factors including the Young's modulus of the model,the level,location and direction of the applied load,affect the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBDM.Based on an In Vitro Bionic Rat Stomach Model(IVBRSM),simulation and experimental analysis were conducted to examine the factors effecting the peristalsis amplitude of the IVBRSM.It is shown that Young's modulus of the model significantly affects the peristalsis amplitude,with lower Young's modulus resulting in larger amplitude.Load level,location,and direction also influence the peristalsis amplitude.Addition-ally,IVBRSM size and wall thickness play a role,with larger models requiring higher load levels or lower Young's modulus for the same peristalsis amplitude.Simulation data correlate well with experimental results.These findings contribute to the understanding of the peristalsis state of IVBRSM under different conditions and can guide the design and fabrication of such in vitro bionic digestion models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32001430,32171952,31971839).
文摘Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors are widely distributed in eukaryotes,and in plants,they regulate many biological processes,such as cell differentiation,development,metabolism,and stress responses.Few studies have focused on the roles of bHLH transcription factors in regulating growth,development,and stress responses in maize(Zea mays),even though such information would greatly benefit maize breeding programs.In this study,we cloned the maize transcription factor gene ZmbHLH36(Gene ID:100193615,GRMZM2G008691).ZmbHLH36 possesses conserved domains characteristic of the bHLH family.RT-qPCR analysis revealed that ZmbHLH36 was expressed at the highest level in maize roots and exhibited different expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions.Transgenic Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)plants heterologously expressing ZmbHLH36 had significantly longer roots than the corresponding non-transgenic plants under 0.1 and 0.15 mol L^(−1) NaCl treatment as well as 0.2 mol L^(−1) mannitol treatment.Phenotypic analysis of soil-grown plants under stress showed that transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring ZmbHLH36 exhibited significantly enhanced drought tolerance and salt tolerance compared to the corresponding non-transgenic plants.Malondialdehyde contents were lower and peroxidase activity was higher in ZmbHLH36-expressing Arabidopsis plants than in the corresponding non-transgenic plants.ZmbHLH36 localized to the nucleus when expressed in maize protoplasts.This study provides a systematic analysis of the effects of ZmbHLH36 on root growth,development,and stress responses in transgenic Arabidopsis,laying a foundation for further analysis of its roles and molecular mechanisms in maize.
