This article mainly summarizes various aspects of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)production through the anthraquinone route,including hydrogenation catalysts,working solution,regeneration technique,hydrogenation reactors,and ...This article mainly summarizes various aspects of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)production through the anthraquinone route,including hydrogenation catalysts,working solution,regeneration technique,hydrogenation reactors,and environmental protection.The advances and breakthrough of SINOPEC in the production of H2O2 through the anthraquinone route is presented in this review,highlighting recent innovative technology on these aspects developed independently.The technical prospect and scientific challenges associated with the direct synthesis method from hydrogen and oxygen are also briefly discussed.展开更多
After two decades＇ endeavor, the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP） has successfully de- veloped a green caprolactam （CPL） production technology. This technology is based on the integration of tita...After two decades＇ endeavor, the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP） has successfully de- veloped a green caprolactam （CPL） production technology. This technology is based on the integration of titanium silicate （TS）-I zeolite with the slurry-bed reactor for the ammoximation of cyclohexanone, the integration of silicalite-1 zeolite with the moving-bed reactor for the gas-phase rearrangement of cyclohex- anone oxime, and the integration of an amorphous nickel （Ni） catalyst with the magnetically stabilized bed reactor for the purification of caprolactam. The world＇s first industrial plant based on this green CPL produc- tion technology has been built and possesses a capacity of 200 kt·a-1. Compared with existing technologies, the plant investment is pronouncedly reduced, and the nitrogen （N） atom utilization is drastically improved. The waste emission is reduced significantly; for example, no ammonium sulfate byproduct is produced. As a result, the price difference between CPL and benzene drops. In 2015, the capacity of the green CPL produc- tion technology reached 3 ×10-6 t·a-1, making China the world＇s largest CPL producer, with a global market share exceeding 50%.展开更多
A model to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the pure metal nanocrystals has been developed,with the consideration of the effects of both the interfaces and the crystal in the nano-grain interior.As an example,...A model to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the pure metal nanocrystals has been developed,with the consideration of the effects of both the interfaces and the crystal in the nano-grain interior.As an example,the enthalpy,entropy and Gibbs free energy,as functions of the excess free volume at interfaces,temperature and grain size,are calculated for the Co nanocrystals.Furthermore,the characteristics ofβ-Co→α-Co phase transformation are studied,and the transformation temperatures at different levels of grain size,as well as the critical grain sizes at different temperatures,are predicted.The calculation results show that,the nano-grainedβ-Co(fcc)is thermodynamically stable at temperatures much lower than that for the conventional coarse-grained materials,and may also stably exist at room temperature when the grain size is reduced to be small enough.The present model is verified by comparisons between the experimental findings and the theoretical predictions.展开更多
文摘This article mainly summarizes various aspects of hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)production through the anthraquinone route,including hydrogenation catalysts,working solution,regeneration technique,hydrogenation reactors,and environmental protection.The advances and breakthrough of SINOPEC in the production of H2O2 through the anthraquinone route is presented in this review,highlighting recent innovative technology on these aspects developed independently.The technical prospect and scientific challenges associated with the direct synthesis method from hydrogen and oxygen are also briefly discussed.
文摘After two decades＇ endeavor, the Research Institute of Petroleum Processing （RIPP） has successfully de- veloped a green caprolactam （CPL） production technology. This technology is based on the integration of titanium silicate （TS）-I zeolite with the slurry-bed reactor for the ammoximation of cyclohexanone, the integration of silicalite-1 zeolite with the moving-bed reactor for the gas-phase rearrangement of cyclohex- anone oxime, and the integration of an amorphous nickel （Ni） catalyst with the magnetically stabilized bed reactor for the purification of caprolactam. The world＇s first industrial plant based on this green CPL produc- tion technology has been built and possesses a capacity of 200 kt·a-1. Compared with existing technologies, the plant investment is pronouncedly reduced, and the nitrogen （N） atom utilization is drastically improved. The waste emission is reduced significantly; for example, no ammonium sulfate byproduct is produced. As a result, the price difference between CPL and benzene drops. In 2015, the capacity of the green CPL produc- tion technology reached 3 ×10-6 t·a-1, making China the world＇s largest CPL producer, with a global market share exceeding 50%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50401001)the Prograrnof Beijing New Star of Science and Technology(Grant No.2004B04).
文摘A model to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the pure metal nanocrystals has been developed,with the consideration of the effects of both the interfaces and the crystal in the nano-grain interior.As an example,the enthalpy,entropy and Gibbs free energy,as functions of the excess free volume at interfaces,temperature and grain size,are calculated for the Co nanocrystals.Furthermore,the characteristics ofβ-Co→α-Co phase transformation are studied,and the transformation temperatures at different levels of grain size,as well as the critical grain sizes at different temperatures,are predicted.The calculation results show that,the nano-grainedβ-Co(fcc)is thermodynamically stable at temperatures much lower than that for the conventional coarse-grained materials,and may also stably exist at room temperature when the grain size is reduced to be small enough.The present model is verified by comparisons between the experimental findings and the theoretical predictions.
