Constrained modeling and state estimation have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper focuses on target motion modeling and tracking in road coordinates. An improved initialization method,which uses the ...Constrained modeling and state estimation have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper focuses on target motion modeling and tracking in road coordinates. An improved initialization method,which uses the optimal fusion of the position measurements in different directions,is presented for the constraint coordinate Kalman filter(CCKF). The CCKF is evaluated with a comprehensive comparison to the state-of-art linear equality constraint estimation methods. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the better performance of the CCKF. Then the interacting multiple model CCKF(IMM-CCKF) is proposed to manifest the advantages of the CCKF in complex motion modeling and state estimations. The effectiveness of the IMM-CCKF in maneuvering target tracking with spatial equality constraints is demonstrated by numerical experiments.展开更多
Pine wood nematode infection is a devastating disease.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing enables timely and precise monitoring.However,UAV aerial images are challenged by small target size and complex sur-face...Pine wood nematode infection is a devastating disease.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing enables timely and precise monitoring.However,UAV aerial images are challenged by small target size and complex sur-face backgrounds which hinder their effectiveness in moni-toring.To address these challenges,based on the analysis and optimization of UAV remote sensing images,this study developed a spatio-temporal multi-scale fusion algorithm for disease detection.The multi-head,self-attention mechanism is incorporated to address the issue of excessive features generated by complex surface backgrounds in UAV images.This enables adaptive feature control to suppress redundant information and boost the model’s feature extraction capa-bilities.The SPD-Conv module was introduced to address the problem of loss of small target feature information dur-ing feature extraction,enhancing the preservation of key features.Additionally,the gather-and-distribute mechanism was implemented to augment the model’s multi-scale feature fusion capacity,preventing the loss of local details during fusion and enriching small target feature information.This study established a dataset of pine wood nematode disease in the Huangshan area using DJI(DJ-Innovations)UAVs.The results show that the accuracy of the proposed model with spatio-temporal multi-scale fusion reached 78.5%,6.6%higher than that of the benchmark model.Building upon the timeliness and flexibility of UAV remote sensing,the pro-posed model effectively addressed the challenges of detect-ing small and medium-size targets in complex backgrounds,thereby enhancing the detection efficiency for pine wood nematode disease.This facilitates early preemptive preser-vation of diseased trees,augments the overall monitoring proficiency of pine wood nematode diseases,and supplies technical aid for proficient monitoring.展开更多
Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technologies provide significant implications for understanding cellular heterogeneity,developmental biology,and disease mechanisms.To fully exploit the potential of these dat...Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technologies provide significant implications for understanding cellular heterogeneity,developmental biology,and disease mechanisms.To fully exploit the potential of these data,numerous tools have been proposed for upstream and downstream analyses.In the the single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)community,scRNA-tools(Zappia et al.,2018)was proposed to help researchers navigate the plethora of tools by category.Since its inception,scRNA-tools has been widely used and its updated version further reveals trends in the field with over 1000 collected tools(Zappia and Theis,2021),providing a valuable guidance in selecting tools for analyses.展开更多
Using neural pathway tracing and immunohistochemical technique, the striato-direct pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the rat lateral globus pallidus） and striato-indirect pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the substanti...Using neural pathway tracing and immunohistochemical technique, the striato-direct pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the rat lateral globus pallidus） and striato-indirect pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the substantia nigra pars reticulata） neurons were specifically labeled, and then subjected to double-labeled immunohistochemistry for mu-OPIOID Receptor （specifically-labeled striatal patch compartment）, D1, and D2, respectively. The experimental findings showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the soma diameter and the number of primary dendrites between the striato-direct （substantia nigra pars reticularis） and indirect （globus pallidum externum） neurons labeled retrograde by BDA3 kDa. In addition, these two kinds of projection neurons revealed no obvious coexistence. This evidence indicates that as a highly sensitive neural pathway tracer, BDA could yield reliably and exquisitely detailed labeling of target neurons and synaptic structures. The variance of the morphologic structures and the localization of neurons were not statistically significant between the striato-substantia nigra pars reticularis and the globus pallidum externum projection neurons. Mesencephalic and thalamic neurons correlated with striatal neurons in morphology. Especially the latter which make typical excitatory synaptic contacts with striato-direct and -indirect neurons. Thus, this evidence suggests that thalamic neurons may extensively excite striatal neurons.展开更多
Contact electrocatalysis(CEC)is an effective method for activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to efficiently degrade emerging pollutants.However,the intrinsic mechanisms of PMS activation via CEC are not fully understood.I...Contact electrocatalysis(CEC)is an effective method for activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to efficiently degrade emerging pollutants.However,the intrinsic mechanisms of PMS activation via CEC are not fully understood.In this study,we employed a CEC system based on ultrasonication(US)treatment of fluorinated ethylene propylene(FEP)to investigate both the performance of PMS activation and the underlying degradation mechanism.The results demonstrate that the ultrasonically treated FEP-PMS(US/FEP/PMS)system achieves complete degradation of bisphenol A within 60 min.The degradation rate constants in the system are 11.53 and 4.77 times higher than those observed in the US/FEP and US/PMS systems,respectively.Electrochemical and chemical analyses reveal that the enhanced degradation efficiency of the US/FEP/PMS system stems from electron exchange at the FEP-water interface under mechanical stimulation,facilitating PMS activation to produce both radical and nonradical reactive species.In addition,the US/FEP/PMS system is effective across various water matrices,indicating its potential for real-world applications.Theoretical calculations further confirm that the CEC system can reduce the potential barrier for PMS activation.This study provides crucial insights into the enhanced degradation of organic pollutants using CEC-triggered PMS-based advanced oxidation processes.展开更多
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in men worldwide,and early diagnosis is essential to improve patient survival.This review provides a comprehensive discussion of recent advances in prostat...Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in men worldwide,and early diagnosis is essential to improve patient survival.This review provides a comprehensive discussion of recent advances in prostate cancer biomarkers,including molecular,cellular,and exosomal biomarkers.The potential of various biomarkers such as gene fusions(TMPRSS2-ERG),noncoding RNAs(SNHG12),proteins(PSA,PSMA,AR),and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in the diagnosis,prognosis,and targeted therapies of prostate cancer is emphasized.In addition,this review systematically explores how multi-omics data and artificial intelligence technologies can be used for biomarker discovery and personalized medicine applications.In addition,this review provides insights into the development of specific probes,including fluorescent,electrochemical,and radionuclide probes,for sensitive and accurate detection of prostate cancer biomarkers.In conclusion,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future directions of prostate cancer biomarker research,emphasizing the potential for precision diagnosis and targeted therapy.展开更多
We report on a mid-infrared fiber laser that uses a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber mirror to realize the mode-locking operation.The laser generates 3.5 μm ultra-short pulses from an erbium-doped flu...We report on a mid-infrared fiber laser that uses a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber mirror to realize the mode-locking operation.The laser generates 3.5 μm ultra-short pulses from an erbium-doped fluoride fiber by utilizing a dual-wavelength pumping scheme.Stable mode-locking is achieved at the 3.5 μm band with a repetition rate of 25.2 MHz.The maximum average power acquired from the laser in the mode-locking regime is 25 mW.The experimental results indicate that the carbon nanotube is an effective saturable absorber for mode-locking in the mid-infrared spectral region.展开更多
In order to establish and standardize the rabbit rib segmental bone defect model,it is of vital importance to determine rabbit rib critical size defect(CSD).According to the general time needed for spontaneous long-bo...In order to establish and standardize the rabbit rib segmental bone defect model,it is of vital importance to determine rabbit rib critical size defect(CSD).According to the general time needed for spontaneous long-bone regeneration,three-month observation period was set to determine the CSD.The rabbit rib segmental bone defects with different sizes from 1 to 5cm with or without periosteum were performed in the eighth rib of 4-month-old male New Zealand rabbits and underwent Xray examinations at the 4th,8th and 12th weeks postoperatively.The gross and histological examinations at postoperative week 12 were evaluated,which showed that the critical sizes in the rabbit rib models with and without periosteum were 5 and 2 cm,respectively.This study provides prerequisite data for establishing rabbit rib CSD model and evaluating bonematerials using this model.展开更多
The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for combined ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment of whole fruit Lycium barbarum.The synergistic effects of ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment on the fermen...The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for combined ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment of whole fruit Lycium barbarum.The synergistic effects of ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment on the fermentation process,bioactive compounds,and antioxidant activity were investigated.Optimal combination of sonication time,enzyme ratio(cellulase:pectinase:protease),and enzyme concentration was determined by optimization experiments to be 10 min,1:1:1,and 0.75%,respectively.Under these conditions,the fermentation process greatly accelerated,the viable cell count of the lactic acid bacteria after fermentation for 36 h reached(5.57±0.38)×10^(8)CFU g^(-1)compared with(8.63±0.29)×10^(7)CFU g^(-1)for samples without pretreatment.The total phenol and flavonoid contents of Lycium barbarum with pretreatment after fermentation for 36 h increased by 10.69%and 19.62%,respectively,compared with samples without pretreatment.The highest antioxidant activities,as measured by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay,hydroxyl radical scavenging assay,and superoxide anion scavenging assay,were obtained for the treated Lycium barbarum.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61201311)
文摘Constrained modeling and state estimation have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper focuses on target motion modeling and tracking in road coordinates. An improved initialization method,which uses the optimal fusion of the position measurements in different directions,is presented for the constraint coordinate Kalman filter(CCKF). The CCKF is evaluated with a comprehensive comparison to the state-of-art linear equality constraint estimation methods. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the better performance of the CCKF. Then the interacting multiple model CCKF(IMM-CCKF) is proposed to manifest the advantages of the CCKF in complex motion modeling and state estimations. The effectiveness of the IMM-CCKF in maneuvering target tracking with spatial equality constraints is demonstrated by numerical experiments.
基金funded by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271865)The Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(2572023CT16)the Fundamental Research Funds for Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang for Distinguished Young Scientists(JQ2023F002).
文摘Pine wood nematode infection is a devastating disease.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing enables timely and precise monitoring.However,UAV aerial images are challenged by small target size and complex sur-face backgrounds which hinder their effectiveness in moni-toring.To address these challenges,based on the analysis and optimization of UAV remote sensing images,this study developed a spatio-temporal multi-scale fusion algorithm for disease detection.The multi-head,self-attention mechanism is incorporated to address the issue of excessive features generated by complex surface backgrounds in UAV images.This enables adaptive feature control to suppress redundant information and boost the model’s feature extraction capa-bilities.The SPD-Conv module was introduced to address the problem of loss of small target feature information dur-ing feature extraction,enhancing the preservation of key features.Additionally,the gather-and-distribute mechanism was implemented to augment the model’s multi-scale feature fusion capacity,preventing the loss of local details during fusion and enriching small target feature information.This study established a dataset of pine wood nematode disease in the Huangshan area using DJI(DJ-Innovations)UAVs.The results show that the accuracy of the proposed model with spatio-temporal multi-scale fusion reached 78.5%,6.6%higher than that of the benchmark model.Building upon the timeliness and flexibility of UAV remote sensing,the pro-posed model effectively addressed the challenges of detect-ing small and medium-size targets in complex backgrounds,thereby enhancing the detection efficiency for pine wood nematode disease.This facilitates early preemptive preser-vation of diseased trees,augments the overall monitoring proficiency of pine wood nematode diseases,and supplies technical aid for proficient monitoring.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1200902,2023YFF1204802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62203236,62273194)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(63231137).
文摘Recent advances in single-cell sequencing technologies provide significant implications for understanding cellular heterogeneity,developmental biology,and disease mechanisms.To fully exploit the potential of these data,numerous tools have been proposed for upstream and downstream analyses.In the the single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)community,scRNA-tools(Zappia et al.,2018)was proposed to help researchers navigate the plethora of tools by category.Since its inception,scRNA-tools has been widely used and its updated version further reveals trends in the field with over 1000 collected tools(Zappia and Theis,2021),providing a valuable guidance in selecting tools for analyses.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31070941 20831006 30770679
文摘Using neural pathway tracing and immunohistochemical technique, the striato-direct pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the rat lateral globus pallidus） and striato-indirect pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the substantia nigra pars reticulata） neurons were specifically labeled, and then subjected to double-labeled immunohistochemistry for mu-OPIOID Receptor （specifically-labeled striatal patch compartment）, D1, and D2, respectively. The experimental findings showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the soma diameter and the number of primary dendrites between the striato-direct （substantia nigra pars reticularis） and indirect （globus pallidum externum） neurons labeled retrograde by BDA3 kDa. In addition, these two kinds of projection neurons revealed no obvious coexistence. This evidence indicates that as a highly sensitive neural pathway tracer, BDA could yield reliably and exquisitely detailed labeling of target neurons and synaptic structures. The variance of the morphologic structures and the localization of neurons were not statistically significant between the striato-substantia nigra pars reticularis and the globus pallidum externum projection neurons. Mesencephalic and thalamic neurons correlated with striatal neurons in morphology. Especially the latter which make typical excitatory synaptic contacts with striato-direct and -indirect neurons. Thus, this evidence suggests that thalamic neurons may extensively excite striatal neurons.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023B1515040022)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2022B1515020021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42277023,42177270)。
文摘Contact electrocatalysis(CEC)is an effective method for activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS)to efficiently degrade emerging pollutants.However,the intrinsic mechanisms of PMS activation via CEC are not fully understood.In this study,we employed a CEC system based on ultrasonication(US)treatment of fluorinated ethylene propylene(FEP)to investigate both the performance of PMS activation and the underlying degradation mechanism.The results demonstrate that the ultrasonically treated FEP-PMS(US/FEP/PMS)system achieves complete degradation of bisphenol A within 60 min.The degradation rate constants in the system are 11.53 and 4.77 times higher than those observed in the US/FEP and US/PMS systems,respectively.Electrochemical and chemical analyses reveal that the enhanced degradation efficiency of the US/FEP/PMS system stems from electron exchange at the FEP-water interface under mechanical stimulation,facilitating PMS activation to produce both radical and nonradical reactive species.In addition,the US/FEP/PMS system is effective across various water matrices,indicating its potential for real-world applications.Theoretical calculations further confirm that the CEC system can reduce the potential barrier for PMS activation.This study provides crucial insights into the enhanced degradation of organic pollutants using CEC-triggered PMS-based advanced oxidation processes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101153)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by BATSA(BYESS2023244)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars.
文摘Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in men worldwide,and early diagnosis is essential to improve patient survival.This review provides a comprehensive discussion of recent advances in prostate cancer biomarkers,including molecular,cellular,and exosomal biomarkers.The potential of various biomarkers such as gene fusions(TMPRSS2-ERG),noncoding RNAs(SNHG12),proteins(PSA,PSMA,AR),and circulating tumor cells(CTCs)in the diagnosis,prognosis,and targeted therapies of prostate cancer is emphasized.In addition,this review systematically explores how multi-omics data and artificial intelligence technologies can be used for biomarker discovery and personalized medicine applications.In addition,this review provides insights into the development of specific probes,including fluorescent,electrochemical,and radionuclide probes,for sensitive and accurate detection of prostate cancer biomarkers.In conclusion,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the status and future directions of prostate cancer biomarker research,emphasizing the potential for precision diagnosis and targeted therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 61975136, 61935014, 61775146, and 61905151)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2019A1515010699)+2 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Project (Nos. JCYJ20160520161351540, JCYJ20170817100639177,JCYJ20170302151146995, JCYJ20180305125352956,JCYJ20160328144942069,and JCYJ20190808141011530)State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications (No. IPOC2019ZZ01)State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology (No. SKL2018KF04)
文摘We report on a mid-infrared fiber laser that uses a single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absorber mirror to realize the mode-locking operation.The laser generates 3.5 μm ultra-short pulses from an erbium-doped fluoride fiber by utilizing a dual-wavelength pumping scheme.Stable mode-locking is achieved at the 3.5 μm band with a repetition rate of 25.2 MHz.The maximum average power acquired from the laser in the mode-locking regime is 25 mW.The experimental results indicate that the carbon nanotube is an effective saturable absorber for mode-locking in the mid-infrared spectral region.
基金This study is in part supported by Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2015EL002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572144).
文摘In order to establish and standardize the rabbit rib segmental bone defect model,it is of vital importance to determine rabbit rib critical size defect(CSD).According to the general time needed for spontaneous long-bone regeneration,three-month observation period was set to determine the CSD.The rabbit rib segmental bone defects with different sizes from 1 to 5cm with or without periosteum were performed in the eighth rib of 4-month-old male New Zealand rabbits and underwent Xray examinations at the 4th,8th and 12th weeks postoperatively.The gross and histological examinations at postoperative week 12 were evaluated,which showed that the critical sizes in the rabbit rib models with and without periosteum were 5 and 2 cm,respectively.This study provides prerequisite data for establishing rabbit rib CSD model and evaluating bonematerials using this model.
基金funded by the Tianjin Science and Technology Support Key Project(20YFZCSN00980)the Innovative Team of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System in Tianjin(ITTHRS2021000).
文摘The aim of this study was to optimize the conditions for combined ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment of whole fruit Lycium barbarum.The synergistic effects of ultrasonication and enzymatic treatment on the fermentation process,bioactive compounds,and antioxidant activity were investigated.Optimal combination of sonication time,enzyme ratio(cellulase:pectinase:protease),and enzyme concentration was determined by optimization experiments to be 10 min,1:1:1,and 0.75%,respectively.Under these conditions,the fermentation process greatly accelerated,the viable cell count of the lactic acid bacteria after fermentation for 36 h reached(5.57±0.38)×10^(8)CFU g^(-1)compared with(8.63±0.29)×10^(7)CFU g^(-1)for samples without pretreatment.The total phenol and flavonoid contents of Lycium barbarum with pretreatment after fermentation for 36 h increased by 10.69%and 19.62%,respectively,compared with samples without pretreatment.The highest antioxidant activities,as measured by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)assay,hydroxyl radical scavenging assay,and superoxide anion scavenging assay,were obtained for the treated Lycium barbarum.
