Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,crucial in maintaining normal physiological functions.Recent studies have identified iron ions as a significant factor in initiating the ferroptosis process,a novel...Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,crucial in maintaining normal physiological functions.Recent studies have identified iron ions as a significant factor in initiating the ferroptosis process,a novel mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxide accumulation.The iron metabolism pathway is one of the primary mechanisms regulating ferroptosis,as it maintains iron homeostasis within the cell.Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormalities in iron metabolism can trigger the Fenton reaction,exacerbating oxidative stress,and leading to cell membrane rupture,cellular dysfunction,and damage to tissue structures.Therefore,regulation of iron metabolism represents a key strategy for ameliorating ferroptosis and offers new insights for treating diseases associated with iron metabolism imbalances.This review first summarizes the mechanisms that regulate iron metabolic pathways in ferroptosis and discusses the connections between the pathogenesis of various diseases and iron metabolism.Next,we introduce natural and synthetic small molecule compounds,hormones,proteins,and new nanomaterials that can affect iron metabolism.Finally,we provide an overview of the challenges faced by iron regulators in clinical translation and a summary and outlook on iron metabolism in ferroptosis,aiming to pave the way for future exploration and optimi-zation of iron metabolism regulation strategies.展开更多
Simultaneously imposed challenges of highvoltage insulation,high dv/dt,highswitching frequency,fast protection,and thermal management associated with the adoption of 10 kV SiC MOSFET,often pose nearly insurmountable b...Simultaneously imposed challenges of highvoltage insulation,high dv/dt,highswitching frequency,fast protection,and thermal management associated with the adoption of 10 kV SiC MOSFET,often pose nearly insurmountable barriers to potential users,undoubtedly hindering their penetration in mediumvoltage(MV)power conversion.Key novel technologies such as enhanced gatedriver,auxiliary power supply network,PCB planar dcbus,and highdensity inductor are presented,enabling the SiCbased designs in modular MV converters,overcoming aforementioned challenges.However,purely substituting SiC design instead of Sibased ones in modular MV converters,would expectedly yield only limited gains.Therefore,to further elevate SiCbased designs,novel highbandwidth control strategies such as switchingcycle control(SCC)and integrated capacitorblocked transistor(ICBT),as well as highperformance/highbandwidth communication network are developed.All these technologies combined,overcome barriers posed by stateoftheart Si designs and unlock system level benefits such as very high power density,highefficiency,fast dynamic response,unrestricted line frequency operation,and improved power quality,all demonstrated throughout this paper.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.:2023-JC-QN-0125)Yan'an Science andTechnology Bureau(Grant No.:2023-SFGG-141)+1 种基金ShaanxiProvincial Health Research(Grant No.:2022E010)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(Grant No.:202310719032).
文摘Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,crucial in maintaining normal physiological functions.Recent studies have identified iron ions as a significant factor in initiating the ferroptosis process,a novel mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxide accumulation.The iron metabolism pathway is one of the primary mechanisms regulating ferroptosis,as it maintains iron homeostasis within the cell.Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormalities in iron metabolism can trigger the Fenton reaction,exacerbating oxidative stress,and leading to cell membrane rupture,cellular dysfunction,and damage to tissue structures.Therefore,regulation of iron metabolism represents a key strategy for ameliorating ferroptosis and offers new insights for treating diseases associated with iron metabolism imbalances.This review first summarizes the mechanisms that regulate iron metabolic pathways in ferroptosis and discusses the connections between the pathogenesis of various diseases and iron metabolism.Next,we introduce natural and synthetic small molecule compounds,hormones,proteins,and new nanomaterials that can affect iron metabolism.Finally,we provide an overview of the challenges faced by iron regulators in clinical translation and a summary and outlook on iron metabolism in ferroptosis,aiming to pave the way for future exploration and optimi-zation of iron metabolism regulation strategies.
基金conducted under ARPA-e from DOE with the award number DE-AR0000892.
文摘Simultaneously imposed challenges of highvoltage insulation,high dv/dt,highswitching frequency,fast protection,and thermal management associated with the adoption of 10 kV SiC MOSFET,often pose nearly insurmountable barriers to potential users,undoubtedly hindering their penetration in mediumvoltage(MV)power conversion.Key novel technologies such as enhanced gatedriver,auxiliary power supply network,PCB planar dcbus,and highdensity inductor are presented,enabling the SiCbased designs in modular MV converters,overcoming aforementioned challenges.However,purely substituting SiC design instead of Sibased ones in modular MV converters,would expectedly yield only limited gains.Therefore,to further elevate SiCbased designs,novel highbandwidth control strategies such as switchingcycle control(SCC)and integrated capacitorblocked transistor(ICBT),as well as highperformance/highbandwidth communication network are developed.All these technologies combined,overcome barriers posed by stateoftheart Si designs and unlock system level benefits such as very high power density,highefficiency,fast dynamic response,unrestricted line frequency operation,and improved power quality,all demonstrated throughout this paper.
