Background While maternal proline(Pro)supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing placental angiogenesis and farrowing efficiency in swine,its regulatory role in fetal skeletal muscle ontogeny remains undef...Background While maternal proline(Pro)supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing placental angiogenesis and farrowing efficiency in swine,its regulatory role in fetal skeletal muscle ontogeny remains undefined.This study systematically evaluated the temporal-specific impacts of dietary Pro supplementation during critical phases of fetal myogenesis(encompassing primary myofiber formation and secondary myofiber hyperplasia)on offspring muscle development.A total of 120 sows with similar farrowing schedules were assigned to three groups:CON(basal diet),ST-Pro(0.5%Pro supplementation during secondary myofiber formation period,from d 60 gestation to farrowing),LT-Pro(0.5%Pro supplementation spanning primary and secondary myofiber formation period:from d 20 gestation to farrowing).Results LT-Pro group significantly increased the longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle mass per unit body weight in newborn piglets compared to CON group(P<0.05),while no such effect was observed in the ST-Pro group.Metabolomic profiling revealed elevated Pro,lysine,and tryptophan levels in the LD muscle of LT-Pro group piglets,accompanied by reduced branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs;leucine,isoleucine,and valine)in both serum and muscle(P<0.05).Histological analysis demonstrated a 45.74%increase in myofiber cross-sectional area in the LT-Pro group(P<0.05).At the molecular level,LT-Pro group piglets exhibited upregulated mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes(MYOD1,MYF6)and the cell cycle accelerator CCND1(P<0.05),coupled with activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway(phosphorylated STAT3 protein increased by 2.53-fold,P<0.01).Furthermore,Pro supplementation enhanced oxidative metabolism,evidenced by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis markers(the mRNA expression levels of PPARGC1A,OPA1,and SQSTM1)and a 61.58%increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity(P<0.05).Notably,LT-Pro group piglets showed a selective shift toward slow-twitch oxidative fibers,with both MyHC1 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly upregulated(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression levels of MyHCIIb showed no significant change.Conclusions This study identified the primary fiber formation period as a critical window.Supplementation with Pro during G20–114 reprogrammed offspring skeletal muscle development through STAT3-CCND1-mediated myoblast proliferation,enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics,and oxidative fiber specification.However,no such effects were observed during G60–114.These findings propose maternal Pro intervention as a novel strategy to enhance muscle yield and metabolic efficiency in swine production,with potential applications for improving meat quality traits linked to oxidative muscle phenotypes.展开更多
Background: Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most common environmental pollutants that induces intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) is a probiotic that not only has anti-i...Background: Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most common environmental pollutants that induces intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) is a probiotic that not only has anti-inflammatory effects, but also shows protective effect on the intestinal barrier. However, it is still unknown whether LGG exerts beneficial effects against DON-induced intestinal damage in piglets. In this work, a total of 36 weaned piglets were randomized to one of four treatment groups for 21 d. The treatment groups were CON(basal diet);LGG(basal diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG);DON(DON-contaminated diet) and LGG + DON(DON-contaminated diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG).Result: Supplementation of LGG can enhance growth performance of piglets exposed to DON by improving intestinal barrier function. LGG has a mitigating effect on intestinal inflammation induced by DON exposure, largely through repression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, supplementation of LGG increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g., Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Anaerofustis), and decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria(e.g., Parabacteroides and Ruminiclostridium_6), and also promoted the production of SCFAs.Conclusions: LGG ameliorates DON-induced intestinal damage, which may provide theoretical support for the application of LGG to alleviate the adverse effects induced by DON exposure.展开更多
Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)are well-known prebiotics that have the potential to improve sow reproductive performance and increase piglet growth.However,previous studies were observed in sole FOS-supplemented diets of...Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)are well-known prebiotics that have the potential to improve sow reproductive performance and increase piglet growth.However,previous studies were observed in sole FOS-supplemented diets of sows or weaned piglets and did not consider the sow-to-piglet transfer effect on the performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.This study explores the effects of dietary FOS supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows,and the effects of FOS supplementation at different stages on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.A split-plot experi-mental design was used with sow diet effect in the whole plot and differing piglet diet effect in the subplot.Fifty-two multiparous sows(223.24±14.77 kg)were randomly divided into 2 groups(0 or 0.2%FOS).The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation.Reproductive performance,glucose tolerance,placental angiogenesis,and intestinal flora of sows were assessed.At weaning,192 weaned piglets were grouped in 2 × 2 factorial designs,with the main effects of FOS supplemental level of sow diet(0 and 0.2%),and FOS supplemental level of weaned piglet diet(0 and 0.2%),respectively.The growth performance and diarrhea rate of the weaned piglets were analyzed during a 28-d experiment.Maternal dietary supplementation of FOS was shown to reduce the stillbirth and invalid piglet rates(P<0.05),improve the insulin sensitivity(P<0.05)and fecal scores(P<0.05)of sows,increase the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila(P=0.016),decrease the abundance of Escherichia coli(P=0.035),and increase the isovalerate content in feces(P=0.086).Meanwhile,the placental angiogenesis marker CD31 expression was increased in sows fed FOS diet(P<0.05).Moreover,maternal and post-weaning dietary FOS supplementation reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets(P<0.05)and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces(P<0.05).Furthermore,only post-weaning dietary FOS sup-plementation could improve nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets(P<0.05).Collectively,FOS sup-plementation in sows can reduce stillbirth rate,perinatal constipation,and insulin resistance,as well as improve placental vascularization barrier.Additionally,maternal and post-weaning dietary FOS sup-plementation reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets,but only FOS supplementation in piglets alone at weaning stage could improve their nutrient digestibility.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272895 and 32172744).
文摘Background While maternal proline(Pro)supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing placental angiogenesis and farrowing efficiency in swine,its regulatory role in fetal skeletal muscle ontogeny remains undefined.This study systematically evaluated the temporal-specific impacts of dietary Pro supplementation during critical phases of fetal myogenesis(encompassing primary myofiber formation and secondary myofiber hyperplasia)on offspring muscle development.A total of 120 sows with similar farrowing schedules were assigned to three groups:CON(basal diet),ST-Pro(0.5%Pro supplementation during secondary myofiber formation period,from d 60 gestation to farrowing),LT-Pro(0.5%Pro supplementation spanning primary and secondary myofiber formation period:from d 20 gestation to farrowing).Results LT-Pro group significantly increased the longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle mass per unit body weight in newborn piglets compared to CON group(P<0.05),while no such effect was observed in the ST-Pro group.Metabolomic profiling revealed elevated Pro,lysine,and tryptophan levels in the LD muscle of LT-Pro group piglets,accompanied by reduced branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs;leucine,isoleucine,and valine)in both serum and muscle(P<0.05).Histological analysis demonstrated a 45.74%increase in myofiber cross-sectional area in the LT-Pro group(P<0.05).At the molecular level,LT-Pro group piglets exhibited upregulated mRNA expression levels of myogenic regulatory genes(MYOD1,MYF6)and the cell cycle accelerator CCND1(P<0.05),coupled with activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway(phosphorylated STAT3 protein increased by 2.53-fold,P<0.01).Furthermore,Pro supplementation enhanced oxidative metabolism,evidenced by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis markers(the mRNA expression levels of PPARGC1A,OPA1,and SQSTM1)and a 61.58%increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity(P<0.05).Notably,LT-Pro group piglets showed a selective shift toward slow-twitch oxidative fibers,with both MyHC1 mRNA and protein expression levels significantly upregulated(P<0.05),while the mRNA expression levels of MyHCIIb showed no significant change.Conclusions This study identified the primary fiber formation period as a critical window.Supplementation with Pro during G20–114 reprogrammed offspring skeletal muscle development through STAT3-CCND1-mediated myoblast proliferation,enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics,and oxidative fiber specification.However,no such effects were observed during G60–114.These findings propose maternal Pro intervention as a novel strategy to enhance muscle yield and metabolic efficiency in swine production,with potential applications for improving meat quality traits linked to oxidative muscle phenotypes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(TD2019C001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20251)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030101).
文摘Background: Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most common environmental pollutants that induces intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG) is a probiotic that not only has anti-inflammatory effects, but also shows protective effect on the intestinal barrier. However, it is still unknown whether LGG exerts beneficial effects against DON-induced intestinal damage in piglets. In this work, a total of 36 weaned piglets were randomized to one of four treatment groups for 21 d. The treatment groups were CON(basal diet);LGG(basal diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG);DON(DON-contaminated diet) and LGG + DON(DON-contaminated diet supplemented with 1.77 × 10^(11)CFU/kg LGG).Result: Supplementation of LGG can enhance growth performance of piglets exposed to DON by improving intestinal barrier function. LGG has a mitigating effect on intestinal inflammation induced by DON exposure, largely through repression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, supplementation of LGG increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria(e.g., Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_torques_group and Anaerofustis), and decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria(e.g., Parabacteroides and Ruminiclostridium_6), and also promoted the production of SCFAs.Conclusions: LGG ameliorates DON-induced intestinal damage, which may provide theoretical support for the application of LGG to alleviate the adverse effects induced by DON exposure.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation China(32172744 or 32272895).
文摘Fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS)are well-known prebiotics that have the potential to improve sow reproductive performance and increase piglet growth.However,previous studies were observed in sole FOS-supplemented diets of sows or weaned piglets and did not consider the sow-to-piglet transfer effect on the performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.This study explores the effects of dietary FOS supplementation on the reproductive performance of sows,and the effects of FOS supplementation at different stages on the growth performance and diarrhea rate of weaned piglets.A split-plot experi-mental design was used with sow diet effect in the whole plot and differing piglet diet effect in the subplot.Fifty-two multiparous sows(223.24±14.77 kg)were randomly divided into 2 groups(0 or 0.2%FOS).The experiment lasted from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation.Reproductive performance,glucose tolerance,placental angiogenesis,and intestinal flora of sows were assessed.At weaning,192 weaned piglets were grouped in 2 × 2 factorial designs,with the main effects of FOS supplemental level of sow diet(0 and 0.2%),and FOS supplemental level of weaned piglet diet(0 and 0.2%),respectively.The growth performance and diarrhea rate of the weaned piglets were analyzed during a 28-d experiment.Maternal dietary supplementation of FOS was shown to reduce the stillbirth and invalid piglet rates(P<0.05),improve the insulin sensitivity(P<0.05)and fecal scores(P<0.05)of sows,increase the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila(P=0.016),decrease the abundance of Escherichia coli(P=0.035),and increase the isovalerate content in feces(P=0.086).Meanwhile,the placental angiogenesis marker CD31 expression was increased in sows fed FOS diet(P<0.05).Moreover,maternal and post-weaning dietary FOS supplementation reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets(P<0.05)and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids in feces(P<0.05).Furthermore,only post-weaning dietary FOS sup-plementation could improve nutrient digestibility of weaned piglets(P<0.05).Collectively,FOS sup-plementation in sows can reduce stillbirth rate,perinatal constipation,and insulin resistance,as well as improve placental vascularization barrier.Additionally,maternal and post-weaning dietary FOS sup-plementation reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets,but only FOS supplementation in piglets alone at weaning stage could improve their nutrient digestibility.
