In this study, aluminum-doped zinc oxide(AZO) thin films were deposited onto a low-temperature polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. Deposition parameters included power range of 100...In this study, aluminum-doped zinc oxide(AZO) thin films were deposited onto a low-temperature polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. Deposition parameters included power range of 100-300 W, a working pressure of 15 mTorr, and a substrate temperature of 50 ℃. Post-deposition, flash lamp annealing(FLA) was employed as a rapid thermal processing method with a pulse duration of 1.7 ms and energy density of 7 J·cm-2, aimed at enhancing the film's quality while preserving the temperature-sensitive PET substrate. FLA offers advantages over conventional annealing,including shorter processing times and improved material properties. The structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the AZO films were assessed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements. The results demonstrated that properties of AZO films varied with deposition and annealing conditions. Films deposited at 200 W and subjected to FLA exhibited superior crystallinity, with average visible light transmittance exceeding 80% and resistivity as low as 0.38 Ω·cm representing 95%improvement in transmittance. Electrical analysis revealed that carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity were influenced by both sputtering and annealing parameters. These findings underscore the effectiveness of FLA in optimizing AZO thin film properties, highlighting potential in optoelectronics applications.展开更多
Recently, the amount of dredged soil material (DM) has been rapidly increasing in Korea due to four major river maintenance projects and new harbor construction. DM waste is mostly dumped into the ocean, while only a ...Recently, the amount of dredged soil material (DM) has been rapidly increasing in Korea due to four major river maintenance projects and new harbor construction. DM waste is mostly dumped into the ocean, while only a small part of it has been utilized for coastal reclaiming, or as filling and backfilling material. This study carried out physical and chemical tests to map out a specific plan for utilizing DM in a mortar mixture. The compressive strength tests and microstructure analysis using XRD and SEM of cement mortar contained DM were performed as a replacement for fine aggregate or as a filler material of mortar matrix. The study measured the impact of contaminants contained in DM and how silt and clay influenced the compressive strength of the mortar.展开更多
V(D)J recombination secures the production of functional immunoglobulin(Ig)genes and antibody diversity during the early stages of B-cell development through long-distance interactions mediated by cis-regulatory eleme...V(D)J recombination secures the production of functional immunoglobulin(Ig)genes and antibody diversity during the early stages of B-cell development through long-distance interactions mediated by cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors.O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins that regulates various protein functions,including DNA-binding affinity and protein-protein interactions.However,the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on proteins involved in V(D)J recombination remain largely unknown.To elucidate this relationship,we downregulated O-GlcNAcylation in a mouse model by administering an O-GlcNAc inhibitor or restricting the consumption of a regular diet.Interestingly,the inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation in mice severely impaired Ig heavy-chain(IgH)gene rearrangement.We identified several factors crucial for V(D)J recombination,including YY1,CTCF,SMC1,and SMC3,as direct targets of O-GlcNAc modification.Importantly,O-GlcNAcylation regulates the physical interaction between SMC1 and SMC3 and the DNA-binding patterns of YY1 at the IgH gene locus.Moreover,O-GlcNAc inhibition downregulated DDX5 protein expression,affecting the functional association of CTCF with its DNA-binding sites at the IgH locus.Our results showed that locus contraction and long-range interactions throughout the IgH locus are disrupted in a manner dependent on the cellular O-GlcNAc level.In this study,we established that V(D)J recombination relies on the O-GlcNAc status of stage-specific proteins during early B-cell development and identified O-GlcNAc-dependent mechanisms as new regulatory components for the development of a diverse antibody repertoire.展开更多
基金supported by the MOTIE (Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy)in Korea,under the Fostering Global Talents for Innovative Growth Program (P0017308)supervised by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT)+1 种基金supported by the MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea,under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center)support program (IITP-2024-2020-0-01655)supervised by the IITP (Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation).
文摘In this study, aluminum-doped zinc oxide(AZO) thin films were deposited onto a low-temperature polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate using DC magnetron sputtering. Deposition parameters included power range of 100-300 W, a working pressure of 15 mTorr, and a substrate temperature of 50 ℃. Post-deposition, flash lamp annealing(FLA) was employed as a rapid thermal processing method with a pulse duration of 1.7 ms and energy density of 7 J·cm-2, aimed at enhancing the film's quality while preserving the temperature-sensitive PET substrate. FLA offers advantages over conventional annealing,including shorter processing times and improved material properties. The structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the AZO films were assessed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and Hall effect measurements. The results demonstrated that properties of AZO films varied with deposition and annealing conditions. Films deposited at 200 W and subjected to FLA exhibited superior crystallinity, with average visible light transmittance exceeding 80% and resistivity as low as 0.38 Ω·cm representing 95%improvement in transmittance. Electrical analysis revealed that carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity were influenced by both sputtering and annealing parameters. These findings underscore the effectiveness of FLA in optimizing AZO thin film properties, highlighting potential in optoelectronics applications.
文摘Recently, the amount of dredged soil material (DM) has been rapidly increasing in Korea due to four major river maintenance projects and new harbor construction. DM waste is mostly dumped into the ocean, while only a small part of it has been utilized for coastal reclaiming, or as filling and backfilling material. This study carried out physical and chemical tests to map out a specific plan for utilizing DM in a mortar mixture. The compressive strength tests and microstructure analysis using XRD and SEM of cement mortar contained DM were performed as a replacement for fine aggregate or as a filler material of mortar matrix. The study measured the impact of contaminants contained in DM and how silt and clay influenced the compressive strength of the mortar.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation(NRF)grant from Korea funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1I1A2057945 to S-KP)the Ministry of Science&ICT(2020R1I1A3073845 to AKP,and 2021R1A2C1012477 to JL)+1 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)(GTL24021-000 to T-DK,GTL24021-400 to HH,and ZYM9382312 to Y-JK as the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for Young Scientists)the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology(KRIBB)Research Initiative Program(KGM9942421).
文摘V(D)J recombination secures the production of functional immunoglobulin(Ig)genes and antibody diversity during the early stages of B-cell development through long-distance interactions mediated by cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting factors.O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic and reversible posttranslational modification of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins that regulates various protein functions,including DNA-binding affinity and protein-protein interactions.However,the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on proteins involved in V(D)J recombination remain largely unknown.To elucidate this relationship,we downregulated O-GlcNAcylation in a mouse model by administering an O-GlcNAc inhibitor or restricting the consumption of a regular diet.Interestingly,the inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation in mice severely impaired Ig heavy-chain(IgH)gene rearrangement.We identified several factors crucial for V(D)J recombination,including YY1,CTCF,SMC1,and SMC3,as direct targets of O-GlcNAc modification.Importantly,O-GlcNAcylation regulates the physical interaction between SMC1 and SMC3 and the DNA-binding patterns of YY1 at the IgH gene locus.Moreover,O-GlcNAc inhibition downregulated DDX5 protein expression,affecting the functional association of CTCF with its DNA-binding sites at the IgH locus.Our results showed that locus contraction and long-range interactions throughout the IgH locus are disrupted in a manner dependent on the cellular O-GlcNAc level.In this study,we established that V(D)J recombination relies on the O-GlcNAc status of stage-specific proteins during early B-cell development and identified O-GlcNAc-dependent mechanisms as new regulatory components for the development of a diverse antibody repertoire.
