The car-following models are the research basis of traffic flow theory and microscopic traffic simulation. Among the previous work, the theory-driven models are dominant, while the data-driven ones are relatively rare...The car-following models are the research basis of traffic flow theory and microscopic traffic simulation. Among the previous work, the theory-driven models are dominant, while the data-driven ones are relatively rare. In recent years, the related technologies of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">presented by the Vehicles to Everything (V2X) technology have been developing rapidly. Utilizing the related technologies of ITS, the large-scale vehicle microscopic trajectory data with high quality can be acquired, which provides the research foundation for modeling the car-following behavior based on the data-driven methods. According to this point, a data-driven car-following model based on the Random Forest (RF) method was constructed in this work, and the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset was used to calibrate and train the constructed model. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, GM model, and Full Velocity Difference (FVD) model are em</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ployed to comparatively verify the proposed model. The research results suggest that the model proposed in this work can accurately describe the car-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">following behavior with better performance under multiple performance indicators.展开更多
A typical single-layer raw soil structure in villages and towns in China is taken as the research object.In the probabilistic seismic demand analysis,the seismic demand model is obtained by the incremental dynamic tim...A typical single-layer raw soil structure in villages and towns in China is taken as the research object.In the probabilistic seismic demand analysis,the seismic demand model is obtained by the incremental dynamic time history analysis method.The seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out for the raw soil structure of nonfoundation,strip foundation,and spiral anchor composite foundation,respectively.The spiral anchor composite foundation can reduce the seismic response and failure state of raw soil structure,and the performance level of the structure is significantly improved.Structural requirements sample data with the same ground motion intensity are analyzed by linear regression statistics.Compared with the probabilistic seismic demand model under various working conditions,the seismic demand increases gradually with the increase of intensity.The seismic vulnerability curve is summarized for comparative analysis.With the gradual deepening of the limit state,the reduction effect of spiral anchor composite foundation on the exceedance probability becomes more and more obvious,which can reduce the probability of structural failure to a certain extent.展开更多
Risky driving behaviors,such as driving fatigue and distraction have recently received more attention.There is also much research about driving styles,driving emotions,older drivers,drugged driving,DUI(driving under t...Risky driving behaviors,such as driving fatigue and distraction have recently received more attention.There is also much research about driving styles,driving emotions,older drivers,drugged driving,DUI(driving under the influence),and DWI(driving while intoxicated).Road hypnosis is a special behavior significantly impacting traffic safety.However,there is little research on this phenomenon.Road hypnosis,as an unconscious state,is can frequently occur while driving,particularly in highly predictable,monotonous,and familiar environments.In this paper,vehicle and virtual driving experiments are designed to collect the biological characteristics including eye movement and bioelectric parameters.Typical scenes in tunnels and highways are used as experimental scenes.LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)and KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor)are employed as the base learners,while SVM(Support Vector Machine)serves as the meta-learner.A road hypnosis identification model is proposed based on ensemble learning,which integrates bioelectric and eye movement characteristics.The proposed model has good identification performance,as seen from the experimental results.In this study,alternative methods and technical support are provided for real-time and accurate identification of road hypnosis.展开更多
Allergic asthma,a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines,often originates in early life.Immune responses at an early age exhibit a Th2 cell bias,but the precise mechanisms remain elusive....Allergic asthma,a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines,often originates in early life.Immune responses at an early age exhibit a Th2 cell bias,but the precise mechanisms remain elusive.Plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs),which play a regulatory role in allergic asthma,were shown to be deficient in neonatal mice.We report here that this pDC deficiency renders neonatal mice more susceptible to severe allergic airway inflammation than adult mice in an OVA-induced experimental asthma model.Adoptive transfer of pDCs or administration of IFN-αto neonatal mice prevented the development of allergic inflammation in wild type but not in IFNAR1−/−mice.Similarly,adult mice developed more severe allergic inflammation when pDCs were depleted.The protective effects of pDCs were mediated by the pDC-/IFN-α-mediated negative regulation of the secretion of epithelial cell-derived CCL20,GM-CSF,and IL-33,which in turn impaired the recruitment of cDC2 and ILC2 cells to the airway.In asthmatic patients,the percentage of pDCs and the level of IFN-αwere lower in children than in adults.These results indicate that impairment of pDC-epithelial cell crosstalk in neonates is a susceptibility factor for the development of allergeninduced allergic airway inflammation.展开更多
Epithelial-derived cytokines,especially type 2 alarmins(TSLP,IL-25,and IL-33),have emerged as critical mediators of type 2 inflammation.IL-33 attracts more interest for its strong association with allergic asthma,espe...Epithelial-derived cytokines,especially type 2 alarmins(TSLP,IL-25,and IL-33),have emerged as critical mediators of type 2 inflammation.IL-33 attracts more interest for its strong association with allergic asthma,especially in childhood asthma.However,the age-dependent role of IL-33 to the development of allergic asthma remains elusive.Here,using OVA-induced allergic asthma model in neonatal and adult mice,we report that IL-33 is the most important alarmin in neonatal lung both at steady state or inflammation.The deficiency of IL-33/ST2 abrogated the development of allergic asthma only in neonates,whereas in adults the effect was limited.Interestingly,the deficiency of IL-33/ST2 equally dampened the ILC2 responses in both neonatal and adult models.However,the effect of IL-33/ST2 deficiency on Th2 responses is age-dependent,which is only blocked in neonates.Furthermore,IL-33/ST2 signaling is dispensable for OVA sensitization.Following OVA challenge in adults,the deficiency of IL-33/ST2 results in compensational more TSLP,which in turn recruits and activates lung DCs and boosts Th2 responses.The enrichedγδT17 cells in IL-33/ST2 deficient neonatal lung suppress the expression of type 2 alarmins,CCL20 and GM-CSF via IL-17A,thus might confer the inhibition of allergic asthma.Finally,on the basis of IL-33 deficiency,the additive protective effects of TSLP blocking is much more pronounced than IL-25 blocking in adults.Our studies demonstrate that the role of IL-33 for ILC2 and Th2 responses varies among ages in OVA models and indicate that the factor of age should be considered for intervention of asthma.展开更多
Chronic human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection not only causes a gradual loss of CD4~+T cells but also leads to a disturbance of the T cell receptor(TCR) repertoire. In people living with HIV(PLWH), monitoring TC...Chronic human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection not only causes a gradual loss of CD4~+T cells but also leads to a disturbance of the T cell receptor(TCR) repertoire. In people living with HIV(PLWH), monitoring TCR repertoire is challenged by the inconsistency of complementarity determining region 3(CDR3) and limited cell numbers in clinical samples. Thus, a quantitative method is necessary for monitoring the TCR repertoire in PLWH.We characterized the TCR V-J pairing profile of na?ve and memory CD4~+T cells in healthy donors, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy(ART)-na?ve patients and long-term(over5 years) ART-experienced patients by performing TCR sequencing. We developed a V-J index with 18 parameters which were subdivided into five categories(expression coverage, cumulative percentage of the top tenth percentile, diversity, intra-individual similarity and inter-individual similarity). In ART-na?ve patients, 14 of the 18 parameters were significantly altered.Long-term ART recovered ten parameters. The four unrecovered parameters were related to inter-individual similarity.Therefore, these findings indicate that long-term ART could only partially recover TCR V-J pairs and introduce newly impacted V-J pairs. Moreover, these results provide new insights into the V-J pairing of the TCR and into the disturbance of TCR repertoire in HIV infection.展开更多
Dear Editor,As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)turns into a pandemic,it has literally caused a worldwide public health crisis.Progressive lymphopenia,especially in T cells,was a prominent clinical fe...Dear Editor,As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)turns into a pandemic,it has literally caused a worldwide public health crisis.Progressive lymphopenia,especially in T cells,was a prominent clinical feature of severe COVID-19 in addition to dyspnea,hypoxemia,acute respiratory distress,and cytokine release syndrome.1 Recently,several studies revealed a correlation between T cell depletion and increased expression levels of several inhibitory checkpoint molecules on T cells in severe COVID-19 cases.2 Classically,inhibitory checkpoint molecules have been documented as key factors for regulating T cell exhaustion in a variety of chronic viral infections and tumors.Recent studies further implied a pivotal role of inhibitory checkpoint molecules in the pathophysiology of acute viral infections,such as Ebola virus or hantavirus infection.Of note,soluble isoforms of checkpoints can be produced by cleavage of membrane-bound proteins or by alternative splicing of mRNA and competitively regulate the functions of their membrane-bound counterparts.3 Thus it is of great interest to determine whether soluble checkpoint molecules are involved in immune regulation and severity of COVID-19.展开更多
In this paper,a novel mixed wavelet-learning method is developed for predicting macroscopic effective heat transfer conductivities of braided composite materials with heterogeneous thermal conductivity.This innovative...In this paper,a novel mixed wavelet-learning method is developed for predicting macroscopic effective heat transfer conductivities of braided composite materials with heterogeneous thermal conductivity.This innovative methodology integrates respective superiorities of multi-scale modeling,wavelet transform and neural networks together.By the aid of asymptotic homogenization method(AHM),off-line multi-scalemodeling is accomplished for establishing thematerial databasewith highdimensional and highly-complexmappings.Themulti-scalematerial database and the wavelet-learning strategy ease the on-line training of neural networks,and enable us to efficiently build relatively simple networks that have an essentially increasing capacity and resisting noise for approximating the high-complexity mappings.Moreover,it should be emphasized that the wavelet-learning strategy can not only extract essential data characteristics from the material database,but also achieve a tremendous reduction in input data of neural networks.The numerical experiments performed using multiple 3D braided composite models verify the excellent performance of the presentedmixed approach.The numerical results demonstrate that themixedwaveletlearningmethodology is a robustmethod for computing themacroscopic effective heat transfer conductivities with distinct heterogeneity patterns.The presentedmethod can enormously decrease the computational time,and can be further expanded into estimating macroscopic effective mechanical properties of braided composites.展开更多
Dear Editor,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is generating a demand for simultaneous vaccine development,which is expected to prevent future outbreaks by eliciting sufficient and protective immunity.
文摘The car-following models are the research basis of traffic flow theory and microscopic traffic simulation. Among the previous work, the theory-driven models are dominant, while the data-driven ones are relatively rare. In recent years, the related technologies of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">presented by the Vehicles to Everything (V2X) technology have been developing rapidly. Utilizing the related technologies of ITS, the large-scale vehicle microscopic trajectory data with high quality can be acquired, which provides the research foundation for modeling the car-following behavior based on the data-driven methods. According to this point, a data-driven car-following model based on the Random Forest (RF) method was constructed in this work, and the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset was used to calibrate and train the constructed model. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, GM model, and Full Velocity Difference (FVD) model are em</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">- </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ployed to comparatively verify the proposed model. The research results suggest that the model proposed in this work can accurately describe the car-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">following behavior with better performance under multiple performance indicators.
基金the financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1100404)the Program of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJKZ0564)The supports from the Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Technology(2022B08)。
文摘A typical single-layer raw soil structure in villages and towns in China is taken as the research object.In the probabilistic seismic demand analysis,the seismic demand model is obtained by the incremental dynamic time history analysis method.The seismic vulnerability analysis is carried out for the raw soil structure of nonfoundation,strip foundation,and spiral anchor composite foundation,respectively.The spiral anchor composite foundation can reduce the seismic response and failure state of raw soil structure,and the performance level of the structure is significantly improved.Structural requirements sample data with the same ground motion intensity are analyzed by linear regression statistics.Compared with the probabilistic seismic demand model under various working conditions,the seismic demand increases gradually with the increase of intensity.The seismic vulnerability curve is summarized for comparative analysis.With the gradual deepening of the limit state,the reduction effect of spiral anchor composite foundation on the exceedance probability becomes more and more obvious,which can reduce the probability of structural failure to a certain extent.
基金supported by the New Generation of Information Technology Innovation Project of China University Innovation Fund of Ministry of Education(Grant No.2022IT191)the Qingdao Top Talent Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship(Grant No.19-3-2-8-zhc)+2 种基金the project'Research and Development of Key Technologies and Systems for Unmanned Navigation of Coastal Ships'of the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFB1601500)the General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Grant No.ZR2020MF082)Shandong Intelligent Green Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Collaborative Innovation Center(Grant No.IGSD-2020-012).
文摘Risky driving behaviors,such as driving fatigue and distraction have recently received more attention.There is also much research about driving styles,driving emotions,older drivers,drugged driving,DUI(driving under the influence),and DWI(driving while intoxicated).Road hypnosis is a special behavior significantly impacting traffic safety.However,there is little research on this phenomenon.Road hypnosis,as an unconscious state,is can frequently occur while driving,particularly in highly predictable,monotonous,and familiar environments.In this paper,vehicle and virtual driving experiments are designed to collect the biological characteristics including eye movement and bioelectric parameters.Typical scenes in tunnels and highways are used as experimental scenes.LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)and KNN(K-Nearest Neighbor)are employed as the base learners,while SVM(Support Vector Machine)serves as the meta-learner.A road hypnosis identification model is proposed based on ensemble learning,which integrates bioelectric and eye movement characteristics.The proposed model has good identification performance,as seen from the experimental results.In this study,alternative methods and technical support are provided for real-time and accurate identification of road hypnosis.
基金by grants 91542103 and 31770994 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(to J.H.)grant 2015CFB620 from the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(to J.H.).
文摘Allergic asthma,a chronic inflammatory airway disease associated with type 2 cytokines,often originates in early life.Immune responses at an early age exhibit a Th2 cell bias,but the precise mechanisms remain elusive.Plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs),which play a regulatory role in allergic asthma,were shown to be deficient in neonatal mice.We report here that this pDC deficiency renders neonatal mice more susceptible to severe allergic airway inflammation than adult mice in an OVA-induced experimental asthma model.Adoptive transfer of pDCs or administration of IFN-αto neonatal mice prevented the development of allergic inflammation in wild type but not in IFNAR1−/−mice.Similarly,adult mice developed more severe allergic inflammation when pDCs were depleted.The protective effects of pDCs were mediated by the pDC-/IFN-α-mediated negative regulation of the secretion of epithelial cell-derived CCL20,GM-CSF,and IL-33,which in turn impaired the recruitment of cDC2 and ILC2 cells to the airway.In asthmatic patients,the percentage of pDCs and the level of IFN-αwere lower in children than in adults.These results indicate that impairment of pDC-epithelial cell crosstalk in neonates is a susceptibility factor for the development of allergeninduced allergic airway inflammation.
基金support by the Laboratory Animal Center,Huazhong University of Science and Technologysupported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 31970865)to J.H.by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20241497 to M.W.
文摘Epithelial-derived cytokines,especially type 2 alarmins(TSLP,IL-25,and IL-33),have emerged as critical mediators of type 2 inflammation.IL-33 attracts more interest for its strong association with allergic asthma,especially in childhood asthma.However,the age-dependent role of IL-33 to the development of allergic asthma remains elusive.Here,using OVA-induced allergic asthma model in neonatal and adult mice,we report that IL-33 is the most important alarmin in neonatal lung both at steady state or inflammation.The deficiency of IL-33/ST2 abrogated the development of allergic asthma only in neonates,whereas in adults the effect was limited.Interestingly,the deficiency of IL-33/ST2 equally dampened the ILC2 responses in both neonatal and adult models.However,the effect of IL-33/ST2 deficiency on Th2 responses is age-dependent,which is only blocked in neonates.Furthermore,IL-33/ST2 signaling is dispensable for OVA sensitization.Following OVA challenge in adults,the deficiency of IL-33/ST2 results in compensational more TSLP,which in turn recruits and activates lung DCs and boosts Th2 responses.The enrichedγδT17 cells in IL-33/ST2 deficient neonatal lung suppress the expression of type 2 alarmins,CCL20 and GM-CSF via IL-17A,thus might confer the inhibition of allergic asthma.Finally,on the basis of IL-33 deficiency,the additive protective effects of TSLP blocking is much more pronounced than IL-25 blocking in adults.Our studies demonstrate that the role of IL-33 for ILC2 and Th2 responses varies among ages in OVA models and indicate that the factor of age should be considered for intervention of asthma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371804,81772123 and 81672000)the Thirteen-fifth Key Project(2018ZX10715-005)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z191100006619045)Beijing Hospital authority(DFL20191801 and DFL20191802)。
文摘Chronic human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection not only causes a gradual loss of CD4~+T cells but also leads to a disturbance of the T cell receptor(TCR) repertoire. In people living with HIV(PLWH), monitoring TCR repertoire is challenged by the inconsistency of complementarity determining region 3(CDR3) and limited cell numbers in clinical samples. Thus, a quantitative method is necessary for monitoring the TCR repertoire in PLWH.We characterized the TCR V-J pairing profile of na?ve and memory CD4~+T cells in healthy donors, HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy(ART)-na?ve patients and long-term(over5 years) ART-experienced patients by performing TCR sequencing. We developed a V-J index with 18 parameters which were subdivided into five categories(expression coverage, cumulative percentage of the top tenth percentile, diversity, intra-individual similarity and inter-individual similarity). In ART-na?ve patients, 14 of the 18 parameters were significantly altered.Long-term ART recovered ten parameters. The four unrecovered parameters were related to inter-individual similarity.Therefore, these findings indicate that long-term ART could only partially recover TCR V-J pairs and introduce newly impacted V-J pairs. Moreover, these results provide new insights into the V-J pairing of the TCR and into the disturbance of TCR repertoire in HIV infection.
基金supported by Capital Clinical Characteristic Application(Z171100001017052)National Key Sci-Tech Special Project of China(2018ZX10302207)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX201802)Beijing Hospital Authority(DFL20191801).
文摘Dear Editor,As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)turns into a pandemic,it has literally caused a worldwide public health crisis.Progressive lymphopenia,especially in T cells,was a prominent clinical feature of severe COVID-19 in addition to dyspnea,hypoxemia,acute respiratory distress,and cytokine release syndrome.1 Recently,several studies revealed a correlation between T cell depletion and increased expression levels of several inhibitory checkpoint molecules on T cells in severe COVID-19 cases.2 Classically,inhibitory checkpoint molecules have been documented as key factors for regulating T cell exhaustion in a variety of chronic viral infections and tumors.Recent studies further implied a pivotal role of inhibitory checkpoint molecules in the pathophysiology of acute viral infections,such as Ebola virus or hantavirus infection.Of note,soluble isoforms of checkpoints can be produced by cleavage of membrane-bound proteins or by alternative splicing of mRNA and competitively regulate the functions of their membrane-bound counterparts.3 Thus it is of great interest to determine whether soluble checkpoint molecules are involved in immune regulation and severity of COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12001414)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JB210702)+4 种基金the open foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics(Wuhan University of Technology)(No.WUTTAM202104)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M643573)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2019JQ-048)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51739007 and 61971328)supported by the Center for high performance computing of Xidian University.
文摘In this paper,a novel mixed wavelet-learning method is developed for predicting macroscopic effective heat transfer conductivities of braided composite materials with heterogeneous thermal conductivity.This innovative methodology integrates respective superiorities of multi-scale modeling,wavelet transform and neural networks together.By the aid of asymptotic homogenization method(AHM),off-line multi-scalemodeling is accomplished for establishing thematerial databasewith highdimensional and highly-complexmappings.Themulti-scalematerial database and the wavelet-learning strategy ease the on-line training of neural networks,and enable us to efficiently build relatively simple networks that have an essentially increasing capacity and resisting noise for approximating the high-complexity mappings.Moreover,it should be emphasized that the wavelet-learning strategy can not only extract essential data characteristics from the material database,but also achieve a tremendous reduction in input data of neural networks.The numerical experiments performed using multiple 3D braided composite models verify the excellent performance of the presentedmixed approach.The numerical results demonstrate that themixedwaveletlearningmethodology is a robustmethod for computing themacroscopic effective heat transfer conductivities with distinct heterogeneity patterns.The presentedmethod can enormously decrease the computational time,and can be further expanded into estimating macroscopic effective mechanical properties of braided composites.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDB29010102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32041010)+4 种基金Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z201100007920017)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support(ZYLX201802)Beijing Hospital Authority(DFL20191801)the NSFC Outstanding Young Scholars(31822055)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2017122)。
文摘Dear Editor,The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is generating a demand for simultaneous vaccine development,which is expected to prevent future outbreaks by eliciting sufficient and protective immunity.
