Research on the spatial patterns of tree populations is critical for understanding the structure and dynamic processes of forests.However,little is known about how the underlying drivers shape these patterns and speci...Research on the spatial patterns of tree populations is critical for understanding the structure and dynamic processes of forests.However,little is known about how the underlying drivers shape these patterns and species interactions in forest systems.In this study,spatial point pattern analysis investigated the combined eff ects of intraspecifi c interactions and environmental heterogeneity on the spatial structure and internal maintenance mechanisms of Picea crassifolia in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve,China.Data were obtained from a 10.2-ha dynamic monitoring plot(DMP)and sixteen 0.04-ha elevation gradient plots(EGPs).Under complete spatial randomness,both mature trees and saplings in the DMP demonstratedlarge-scale aggregation with negative correlations.In EGPs,saplings were clustered in small mesoscales,mature trees were randomly distributed,and the interactions of saplingstrees at all elevations were not correlated.By eliminating the interference of environmental heterogeneity through the inhomogeneous Poisson process,saplings in the DMP and EGPs were clustered in small scales and trees randomly distributed.Intraspecifi c associations were negatively correlated,in the DMP and at low elevations,and no correlations in high elevations of EGPs.In the vertical scale,saplings showed a small-scale aggregation pattern with increase in elevation,and the aggregation degree fi rst decreased and then increased.The interactions of saplings-trees and saplings–saplings showed inhibitions at small scales,with the degree of inhibition gradually decreasing.Spatial patterns and associations of adults–adults did not change signifi-cantly.The results revealed that intraspecifi c interactions and environmental heterogeneity regulated the spatial patterns of P.crassifolia at small and large scales,respectively.Environmental heterogeneity might be the most decisive factor aff ecting the spatial patterns of saplings,while trees were more aff ected by intraspecifi c interactions.Moreover,competition between trees in this area could be more common than facilitation for the growth and development of individuals.展开更多
The Informal institution in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region has dual effects on rural legal construction. In the process of rural legal construction,it can make up for the defects of formal institution to reduce the ...The Informal institution in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region has dual effects on rural legal construction. In the process of rural legal construction,it can make up for the defects of formal institution to reduce the cost of legal construction,and increase benefit. It also has negative influence on social function,and can't be conducive to the social stability,development and harmony. Civil law is to be more valued,thus avoiding and hampering the implementation of national laws and even covering the operation of national laws,so it is impossible to achieve rule of law. The coordinated development of Informal institution and socio-economic development in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region will contribute to stable and harmonious social development in Northwest Region.展开更多
System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwest...System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.展开更多
China＇s current poor are concentrated in the western and ethnic autonomous areas the problem of poverty is particularly serious. The western region of exceptional natural conditions and historical reasons, the harsh ...China＇s current poor are concentrated in the western and ethnic autonomous areas the problem of poverty is particularly serious. The western region of exceptional natural conditions and historical reasons, the harsh natural conditions, weak economic strength, backward cultural beliefs, lack of policies and systems and subjective factors, led to solving the problem of poverty is also facing many constraints and difficulties. As minority areas in western China special geographical and strategic significance, to solve the problem of poverty in the region in the ethnic minority areas in western China Poverty governance research and practice to provide some practical measures will be directly related to the country＇s stability and peace and the long-term development.展开更多
With the gradual progression of the carbon neutrality target,the future of our electricity supply will experience a massive increase in solar generation,and approximately 50%of the global electricity generation will c...With the gradual progression of the carbon neutrality target,the future of our electricity supply will experience a massive increase in solar generation,and approximately 50%of the global electricity generation will come from solar generation by 2050.This provides the opportunity for researchers to diversify the applications of photovoltaics(PVs)and integrate for daily use in the future.Flexible solar cell technology is the next frontier in solar PV and is the key way to achieve CO_(2)neutrality.The integration of PV technology with other fields will greatly broaden the development areas for the PV industry,providing products with higher added value.In this paper,we reviewed the latest research progress on flexible solar cells(perovskite solar cells,organic solar cells,and flexible silicon solar cells),and proposed the future applications of flexible solar cell technology.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32060247)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Gansu Province(No.22ZY2QG001).
文摘Research on the spatial patterns of tree populations is critical for understanding the structure and dynamic processes of forests.However,little is known about how the underlying drivers shape these patterns and species interactions in forest systems.In this study,spatial point pattern analysis investigated the combined eff ects of intraspecifi c interactions and environmental heterogeneity on the spatial structure and internal maintenance mechanisms of Picea crassifolia in the Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve,China.Data were obtained from a 10.2-ha dynamic monitoring plot(DMP)and sixteen 0.04-ha elevation gradient plots(EGPs).Under complete spatial randomness,both mature trees and saplings in the DMP demonstratedlarge-scale aggregation with negative correlations.In EGPs,saplings were clustered in small mesoscales,mature trees were randomly distributed,and the interactions of saplingstrees at all elevations were not correlated.By eliminating the interference of environmental heterogeneity through the inhomogeneous Poisson process,saplings in the DMP and EGPs were clustered in small scales and trees randomly distributed.Intraspecifi c associations were negatively correlated,in the DMP and at low elevations,and no correlations in high elevations of EGPs.In the vertical scale,saplings showed a small-scale aggregation pattern with increase in elevation,and the aggregation degree fi rst decreased and then increased.The interactions of saplings-trees and saplings–saplings showed inhibitions at small scales,with the degree of inhibition gradually decreasing.Spatial patterns and associations of adults–adults did not change signifi-cantly.The results revealed that intraspecifi c interactions and environmental heterogeneity regulated the spatial patterns of P.crassifolia at small and large scales,respectively.Environmental heterogeneity might be the most decisive factor aff ecting the spatial patterns of saplings,while trees were more aff ected by intraspecifi c interactions.Moreover,competition between trees in this area could be more common than facilitation for the growth and development of individuals.
基金Supported by National Philosophy and Social Science Planning Funds Research Program in 2014(14BFX009)Humanities and Social Science Planning Funds Research Project of the Ministry of Education in 2011(11YJA710005)CSC Funds Project(20125030)
文摘The Informal institution in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region has dual effects on rural legal construction. In the process of rural legal construction,it can make up for the defects of formal institution to reduce the cost of legal construction,and increase benefit. It also has negative influence on social function,and can't be conducive to the social stability,development and harmony. Civil law is to be more valued,thus avoiding and hampering the implementation of national laws and even covering the operation of national laws,so it is impossible to achieve rule of law. The coordinated development of Informal institution and socio-economic development in Northwest Ethnic Minority Region will contribute to stable and harmonious social development in Northwest Region.
基金Supported by the Social Sciences Planning Project Launched by Ministry of Education of China in 2011-Study on the Informal Institutional Implementation and the Coordinated Development between Economy and Society in the Northwest Minority Areas(11YJA710005)China Scholarship Council([2012]5030)+1 种基金Professor Andrew J.Nathan,Weatherhead East Asian Insti-tute of Columbia UniversityJames D.Seymour,Adjunct Associate Professor at Chinese University of Hong Kong
文摘System of villagers autonomy is one of the basic political systems in China and one of those systems ensuring that the people are the masters of the country. Northwest minorities generally live in the remote northwestern China where economy and education are relatively underdeveloped compared with those in central and eastern China and civil authority has great influence on rural grass-roots democracy as well as social autonomy there,which causes difficulties to the development of rural democracy and social autonomy. Assisting northwest minority regions in overcoming the difficulties of developing grass-roots democracy and social autonomy,carrying out effective measures to properly guide the development and influence of civil authority and finally achieving the construction of new socialist countryside have great significance in ensuring that people there are the masters of their country.
文摘China＇s current poor are concentrated in the western and ethnic autonomous areas the problem of poverty is particularly serious. The western region of exceptional natural conditions and historical reasons, the harsh natural conditions, weak economic strength, backward cultural beliefs, lack of policies and systems and subjective factors, led to solving the problem of poverty is also facing many constraints and difficulties. As minority areas in western China special geographical and strategic significance, to solve the problem of poverty in the region in the ethnic minority areas in western China Poverty governance research and practice to provide some practical measures will be directly related to the country＇s stability and peace and the long-term development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2322028,62105129,and 62004208)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023ZYD0163)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22ZR1473200)the Rising-Star Program of the Shanghai 2023 Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(23QA1411100)the Autonomous Deployment Project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(NKLJC-Z2023ZD01)。
文摘With the gradual progression of the carbon neutrality target,the future of our electricity supply will experience a massive increase in solar generation,and approximately 50%of the global electricity generation will come from solar generation by 2050.This provides the opportunity for researchers to diversify the applications of photovoltaics(PVs)and integrate for daily use in the future.Flexible solar cell technology is the next frontier in solar PV and is the key way to achieve CO_(2)neutrality.The integration of PV technology with other fields will greatly broaden the development areas for the PV industry,providing products with higher added value.In this paper,we reviewed the latest research progress on flexible solar cells(perovskite solar cells,organic solar cells,and flexible silicon solar cells),and proposed the future applications of flexible solar cell technology.
