Food-borne salmonellosis continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Carry-contamination of Salmonella frequently occurs in meat production. We focused on cell dynamics of swine fibroblasts after infection with ...Food-borne salmonellosis continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Carry-contamination of Salmonella frequently occurs in meat production. We focused on cell dynamics of swine fibroblasts after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium, because fibroblast can be a target cell for Salmonella latent infection. It was found that both S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were able to adhere and invade to swine fibroblasts. The proliferations in fibroblasts were different between each serovar. S. Enteritidis reached to the maximum at 24 hr after infection while S. Typhimurium did not. In addition, the decrease in the G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase cells and increase in G<sub>2</sub>/M phase cells on the fibroblast were observed by both Salmonella infection. Cell death including apoptosis in the cells was inhibited by the infection of Salmonella. These results suggest that nontyphoidal Salmonella can survive for the long term by modifying bacterial cell proliferation and preventing cell death of host cells.展开更多
AIM:To identify factors that influence long-term liver function following radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in patients with viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS:A total of 123 patients with hepatitis B ...AIM:To identify factors that influence long-term liver function following radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in patients with viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS:A total of 123 patients with hepatitis B virus-or hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(n=12 and n=111,respectively)were enrolled.Cumulative rates of worsening Child-Pugh(CP)scores(defined as a 2-point increase)were examined.RESULTS:CP score worsening was confirmed in 22patients over a mean follow-up period of 43.8±26.3mo.Multivariate analysis identified CP class,platelet count,and aspartate aminotransferase levels as significant predictors of a worsening CP score(P=0.000,P=0.011 and P=0.024,respectively).In contrast,repeated RFA was not identified as a risk factor for liver function deterioration.CONCLUSION:Long-term liver function following RFA was dependent on liver functional reserve,the degreeof fibrosis present,and the activity of the hepatitis condition for this cohort.Therefore,in order to maintain liver function for an extended period following RFA,suppression of viral hepatitis activity is important even after the treatment of HCC.展开更多
Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microf...Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microflora distribution;however, here we analyzed the bacterial diversity in colonic mucus from UC patients receiving colectomy surgery and control patients. The diversity of microflora was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the T-RFLP analysis, the number of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) decreased significantly in UC patients when compared to control samples. Also in the clone library analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and the Shannon diversity index were reduced significantly in UC patients. These molecular analyses reveal an overall dysbiosis in UC patients. No specific pathogen was found, and a strong negative correlation in relative abundance of bacterial populations was observed between the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the UC patients. This is the first report showing a significant correlation between these two phyla, which may be important characteristics in the pathogenesis of UC.展开更多
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, which has been widely used as a fermented milk starter, is a type of probiotic, and certain strains are able to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). EPS produced from L. bulgar...Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, which has been widely used as a fermented milk starter, is a type of probiotic, and certain strains are able to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). EPS produced from L. bulgaricus contributes to the physical and biological function of dairy products by regulating immune response, and this tendency seems to place EPS with acidic groups. To date, six types of chemical structure have been determined and are basically composed from glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and rhamnose (Rha). Eps clusters on chromosome DNA control the EPS synthesis and are transcribed as one mRNA 14 genes with 18kb on L. bulgaricus Lfi5. Furthermore, L. bulgaricus is able to utilize lactose (Lac) as carbohydrate source, repeating units of EPS are synthesized from Glc 6-phosphate, generated by an Embden-Meyerhof (EM) pathway in cellular carbohydrate assimilation. This review discusses EPS produced from L. bulgaricus.展开更多
The sterilization conditions between experiment and dairy industrial level are different and concern about influence on product’s qualities. In this study, the fermentation properties of Streptococcus thermophilus, a...The sterilization conditions between experiment and dairy industrial level are different and concern about influence on product’s qualities. In this study, the fermentation properties of Streptococcus thermophilus, alone and in combination with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, were evaluated in skim milk that had been subjected to distinct sterilization conditions. Growth, organic acid generation, and EPS production were determined using pasteurized or autoclaved milk. When S. thermophilus was cultivated in pasteurized skim milk, the growth was strain-dependent. On the other hand, growth of S. thermophilus was accelerated in autoclaved milk. Exocellular polysaccharide (EPS) production by L. bulgaricus was not affected by the combination of S. thermophilus strains. Thus, we observed that yogurt fermented by L. bulgaricus was minimally affected by the combination of S. thermophilus strains;growth of L. bulgaricus was maintained under the constant environment. These results should facilitate the development of fermented milk produced from L. bulgaricus in the dairy industry.展开更多
Caries is a disease of human dentition characterized by the loss of mineralized surfaces of the tooth;it is an infectious disease of the oral cavity in which biofilms play a causative role. Control of biofilms has tra...Caries is a disease of human dentition characterized by the loss of mineralized surfaces of the tooth;it is an infectious disease of the oral cavity in which biofilms play a causative role. Control of biofilms has traditionally relied on non-specific removal of plaque by mechanical means such as brushing, although it is difficult to remove biofilms by this method. Caries is also a widespread infection in children. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus are important causative agents of caries. They produce a homologous exocellular polysaccharide called glucan, which strongly adheres to the enamel surface. This is a review of oral microbial biofilm formation by S. mutans and other related bacteria.展开更多
文摘Food-borne salmonellosis continues to be a major health concern worldwide. Carry-contamination of Salmonella frequently occurs in meat production. We focused on cell dynamics of swine fibroblasts after infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium, because fibroblast can be a target cell for Salmonella latent infection. It was found that both S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were able to adhere and invade to swine fibroblasts. The proliferations in fibroblasts were different between each serovar. S. Enteritidis reached to the maximum at 24 hr after infection while S. Typhimurium did not. In addition, the decrease in the G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase cells and increase in G<sub>2</sub>/M phase cells on the fibroblast were observed by both Salmonella infection. Cell death including apoptosis in the cells was inhibited by the infection of Salmonella. These results suggest that nontyphoidal Salmonella can survive for the long term by modifying bacterial cell proliferation and preventing cell death of host cells.
文摘AIM:To identify factors that influence long-term liver function following radiofrequency ablation(RFA)in patients with viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS:A total of 123 patients with hepatitis B virus-or hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)(n=12 and n=111,respectively)were enrolled.Cumulative rates of worsening Child-Pugh(CP)scores(defined as a 2-point increase)were examined.RESULTS:CP score worsening was confirmed in 22patients over a mean follow-up period of 43.8±26.3mo.Multivariate analysis identified CP class,platelet count,and aspartate aminotransferase levels as significant predictors of a worsening CP score(P=0.000,P=0.011 and P=0.024,respectively).In contrast,repeated RFA was not identified as a risk factor for liver function deterioration.CONCLUSION:Long-term liver function following RFA was dependent on liver functional reserve,the degreeof fibrosis present,and the activity of the hepatitis condition for this cohort.Therefore,in order to maintain liver function for an extended period following RFA,suppression of viral hepatitis activity is important even after the treatment of HCC.
文摘Although the gut microflora is thought to be an essential factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC), the entire gut microflora occurring in UC remains unknown. Most studies use feces to represent the microflora distribution;however, here we analyzed the bacterial diversity in colonic mucus from UC patients receiving colectomy surgery and control patients. The diversity of microflora was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequences. In the T-RFLP analysis, the number of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) decreased significantly in UC patients when compared to control samples. Also in the clone library analysis, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and the Shannon diversity index were reduced significantly in UC patients. These molecular analyses reveal an overall dysbiosis in UC patients. No specific pathogen was found, and a strong negative correlation in relative abundance of bacterial populations was observed between the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the UC patients. This is the first report showing a significant correlation between these two phyla, which may be important characteristics in the pathogenesis of UC.
文摘Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, which has been widely used as a fermented milk starter, is a type of probiotic, and certain strains are able to produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). EPS produced from L. bulgaricus contributes to the physical and biological function of dairy products by regulating immune response, and this tendency seems to place EPS with acidic groups. To date, six types of chemical structure have been determined and are basically composed from glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and rhamnose (Rha). Eps clusters on chromosome DNA control the EPS synthesis and are transcribed as one mRNA 14 genes with 18kb on L. bulgaricus Lfi5. Furthermore, L. bulgaricus is able to utilize lactose (Lac) as carbohydrate source, repeating units of EPS are synthesized from Glc 6-phosphate, generated by an Embden-Meyerhof (EM) pathway in cellular carbohydrate assimilation. This review discusses EPS produced from L. bulgaricus.
文摘The sterilization conditions between experiment and dairy industrial level are different and concern about influence on product’s qualities. In this study, the fermentation properties of Streptococcus thermophilus, alone and in combination with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, were evaluated in skim milk that had been subjected to distinct sterilization conditions. Growth, organic acid generation, and EPS production were determined using pasteurized or autoclaved milk. When S. thermophilus was cultivated in pasteurized skim milk, the growth was strain-dependent. On the other hand, growth of S. thermophilus was accelerated in autoclaved milk. Exocellular polysaccharide (EPS) production by L. bulgaricus was not affected by the combination of S. thermophilus strains. Thus, we observed that yogurt fermented by L. bulgaricus was minimally affected by the combination of S. thermophilus strains;growth of L. bulgaricus was maintained under the constant environment. These results should facilitate the development of fermented milk produced from L. bulgaricus in the dairy industry.
文摘Caries is a disease of human dentition characterized by the loss of mineralized surfaces of the tooth;it is an infectious disease of the oral cavity in which biofilms play a causative role. Control of biofilms has traditionally relied on non-specific removal of plaque by mechanical means such as brushing, although it is difficult to remove biofilms by this method. Caries is also a widespread infection in children. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus are important causative agents of caries. They produce a homologous exocellular polysaccharide called glucan, which strongly adheres to the enamel surface. This is a review of oral microbial biofilm formation by S. mutans and other related bacteria.
