Data augmentation plays an important role in training deep neural model by expanding the size and diversity of the dataset.Initially,data augmentation mainly involved some simple transformations of images.Later,in ord...Data augmentation plays an important role in training deep neural model by expanding the size and diversity of the dataset.Initially,data augmentation mainly involved some simple transformations of images.Later,in order to increase the diversity and complexity of data,more advanced methods appeared and evolved to sophisticated generative models.However,these methods required a mass of computation of training or searching.In this paper,a novel training-free method that utilises the Pre-Trained Segment Anything Model(SAM)model as a data augmentation tool(PTSAM-DA)is proposed to generate the augmented annotations for images.Without the need for training,it obtains prompt boxes from the original annotations and then feeds the boxes to the pre-trained SAM to generate diverse and improved annotations.In this way,annotations are augmented more ingenious than simple manipulations without incurring huge computation for training a data augmentation model.Multiple comparative experiments on three datasets are conducted,including an in-house dataset,ADE20K and COCO2017.On this in-house dataset,namely Agricultural Plot Segmentation Dataset,maximum improvements of 3.77%and 8.92%are gained in two mainstream metrics,mIoU and mAcc,respectively.Consequently,large vision models like SAM are proven to be promising not only in image segmentation but also in data augmentation.展开更多
Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)are important components for food,pharmaceutical and fuel industries.Nevertheless,engineering microorganisms to produce MCFAs often induces toxicity and stresses towards host strains,whi...Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)are important components for food,pharmaceutical and fuel industries.Nevertheless,engineering microorganisms to produce MCFAs often induces toxicity and stresses towards host strains,which could be alleviated via accelerating the export of MCFAs from cells.However,current secretory systems are inefficient and require inducible promoters.Here,a multi-layer genome mining and phylogenomic analysis was developed to identify efficient efflux transporters.Firstly,based on the genomic mining of 397 strains throughout various representative species,the evolutionary history of efflux transporters was recapitulated,and further experimental analysis revealed that acrE from Citrobacter exhibited the best performance.Secondly,according to the further mining of 797 Citrobacter genomes and 1084 Escherichia genomes,a detailed phylogenomic analysis of efflux transporter-centric genomic vicinities was performed.This led to the identification of efficient efflux pump combination acrE and acrF.These efflux pumps were then combined with the quorum-sensing circuit from Enterococcus faecalis to regulate MCFA efflux in an autonomous manner,which achieved a 4.9-fold boost in MCFA production and firstly demonstrated the efficient and autonomous efflux pump specially for MCFAs.The integrative omics technologies described here are enabling the utilization of the increasingly large database and the effective mining of target gene diversities.展开更多
Alpine regions sequester large vulnerable and unprotected soil organic carbon(SOC),determining its extreme sensitivity to global change and pivotal role in the carbon cycle.However,there is ongoing debate regarding ho...Alpine regions sequester large vulnerable and unprotected soil organic carbon(SOC),determining its extreme sensitivity to global change and pivotal role in the carbon cycle.However,there is ongoing debate regarding how SOC storage and its stabilizing mechanism vary along altitudinal gradients.Here,we examined the SOC contents of soil aggregate and density fractions,and their interactions with climate,biology,and soil properties along elevation(2100-3900 m)of western Yulong Mountain in Southwest China.Results showed that SOC contents in bulk soils and heavy fractions significantly increased with elevated altitudes,whereas no changes in aggregates.The increasing Fe/Al oxides with altitudes might be responsible for such significant variations.While soil C-enzyme activities had strong effects on increasing SOC in macroaggregates(>250μm),aggregate stability(indicated by mean weight diameter and soil erodibility)mainly reduced SOC in microaggregates,silt and clay(<250μm).The structural equation models further showed that 57%-91%of variations in SOC contents could be explained by environmental variables,with the Fe/Al oxides showing the strongest positive associations with SOC contents in bulk soils,light and heavy fractions.Taken together,our results emphasized positive impacts of mineral protection on the SOC stabilization at high altitudes.This not only offers novel insights into predicting soil C stability in alpine regions but also provides practical significance for soil C pool management across various altitudes.展开更多
Akkermansia,a next-generation probiotic candidate,exhibits a reduced abundance in obesity yet persists in the gut,suggesting unique adaptive mechanisms for survival in this adverse metabolic environment.To elucidate t...Akkermansia,a next-generation probiotic candidate,exhibits a reduced abundance in obesity yet persists in the gut,suggesting unique adaptive mechanisms for survival in this adverse metabolic environment.To elucidate these mechanisms,a comparative pan-genome analysis of 494 Akkermansia metagenome-assembled genomes from hosts with diverse body mass indices was conducted.It was found that the genus possesses high genetic diversity,with Akkermansia muciniphila as the dominant species(80%),though species distribution itself was not correlated with BMI.There were 15 genes significantly enriched in obese individuals.These genes may potentially be involved in pathways such as nutrient acquisition,antioxidant stress response,energy metabolism,translational fidelity,and viral defense.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that these genes are associated with pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipoic acid metabolism.These findings suggest potential adaptive functional mechanisms of Akkermansia for survival in the obese gut environment,providing novel insights for the development of targeted probiotics addressing obesity-related conditions.展开更多
Gluten,a vital functional protein in food processing,cannot be fully digested by human endogenous proteases upon entering the digestive tract,resulting in a range of peptides of varying lengths.Among these,the 33-mer ...Gluten,a vital functional protein in food processing,cannot be fully digested by human endogenous proteases upon entering the digestive tract,resulting in a range of peptides of varying lengths.Among these,the 33-mer peptide derived fromα-gliadin is recognized as the core immunodominant epitope that triggers celiac disease.Based on the core hypothesis that“gut microbes co-evolve with humans,and their encoded enzyme libraries are better adapted to the intestinal environment and food substrates”,we mined novel prolyl endopeptidases(PEPs)from the human Gut Microbiome Reference(GMR)using a strategy combining sequence similarity network(SSN)and degree value ranking.We further characterized the PEPs,which exhibit distinct biochemical prop-erties.Results showed that all PEPs exhibited better thermal stability at 50℃than the reference sequence HC;C9-2 had the optimal catalytic efficiency(kcat/Km=31.441±5.675 min^(-1)mM^(-1));and C11-1 displayed the most abundant cleavage sites for the 33-mer peptide.This study provides a reusable screening paradigm for functional enzymes and lays a solid foundation for the development of gluten-degrading enzyme therapies.展开更多
Semantic segmentation methods based on RGB images exhibit notable limitations in complex industrial scenarios,particularly in addressing interference factors such as dynamic lighting variations and polymorphic weld se...Semantic segmentation methods based on RGB images exhibit notable limitations in complex industrial scenarios,particularly in addressing interference factors such as dynamic lighting variations and polymorphic weld seam morphologies,which lead to insufficient feature extraction capabilities and reduced segmentation accuracy and robustness.To address these limitations,this study proposes a polymorphic weld seam semantic segmentation model(PwsM)based on multi-level feature fusion,which effectively integrates the informational advantages of RGB and depth images to enhance perceptual capabilities in complex environments.The proposed model introduces a Dual-Stream Dual-modal Fusion(DsDF)module that employs channel selection and spatial selection strategies to extract and enhance complementary features from RGB and depth images.Concurrently,a Multi-Level Feature Fusion Module(ML-FFM)is developed to progressively integrate low-level and high-level semantic information through a multi-scale mechanism,refining boundary features while preserving the integrity of feature representation.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves superior segmentation performance on a complex multi-form weld seam dataset,particularly showing enhanced accuracy and robustness in challenging scenarios involving occlusions and illumination variations.Compared with existing single-modal and multi-modal models,the proposed model achieves performance improvements of 1.52%and 0.65%,respectively,providing effective technical support for intelligent perception of polymorphic weld seams.展开更多
Cell death is a central process for organismal health.Pyroptosis,namely pyroptotic cell death,is recognized as a critical type that disrupts membrane and triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion via gasdermins,pro...Cell death is a central process for organismal health.Pyroptosis,namely pyroptotic cell death,is recognized as a critical type that disrupts membrane and triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion via gasdermins,providing a robust form of cytolysis.Meanwhile,along with the thorough research,a great deal of evidence has demonstrated the dual effects of pyroptosis in host defense and inflammatory diseases.More importantly,the recent identification of abundant gasdermin-like proteins in bacteria and fungi suggests an ancient origin of pyroptosis-based regulated cell death in the life evolution.In this review,we bring a general overview of pyroptosis pathways focusing on gasdermin structural biology,regulatory mechanisms,and recent progress in induction and inhibition strategies for disease treatment.We look forward to providing an insightful perspective for readers to comprehend the frame and challenges of the pyroptosis field,and to accelerating its clinical application.展开更多
The selective attenuation and scattering of light in underwater environments cause color distortion and contrast reduction in underwater images,which can impede the ever-growing demand for underwater robot operations....The selective attenuation and scattering of light in underwater environments cause color distortion and contrast reduction in underwater images,which can impede the ever-growing demand for underwater robot operations.To address these issues,we propose a Multi-Color space Residual Network(MCRNet)for underwater image enhancement.Our method takes advantage of the unique features of color representation in the RGB,HSV,and Lab color spaces.By utilizing the distinct feature representations of images in different color spaces,we can highlight and fuse the most informative features of the three color spaces.Our approach employs a self-attention mechanism in the multi-color space feature fusion module.Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves satisfactory results in color correction and contrast improvement of underwater images,particularly in severely degraded scenes.Consequently,our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both subjective visual comparison and objective evaluation metrics.展开更多
Centrifugal granulation is one key step to enable waste heat recovery from the molten slag in the iron and steel industry.Yet,it remains unknown about the granulation characteristics of molten slag with different chem...Centrifugal granulation is one key step to enable waste heat recovery from the molten slag in the iron and steel industry.Yet,it remains unknown about the granulation characteristics of molten slag with different chemical compositions,especially at high throughput.In this work,we provided an experimental study on centrifugal granulation with four types of molten slags.The stage-specific centrifugal granulation was recorded and analyzed at first.Both effects of atomizer configuration and chemical compositions on granulation were investigated in detail.The cup-type atomizer favors film-mode disintegration and possesses better anti-adhesion capacity although the final granule size was not strongly affected by the atomizer configuration.Most importantly,centrifugal granulation has been demonstrated with appreciable adaptability to composition-specific blast furnace(BF)slag with binary basicity of 0.9-1.3.The present study not only sheds light on the modest effect of the chemical composition of molten slag on centrifugal granulation characteristics,but also gains credit for the adaptivity of CGATER.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,Grant/Award Number:LY23F020025Science and Technology Commissioner Program of Huzhou,Grant/Award Number:2023GZ42Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program,Grant/Award Numbers:2023ZHCG0005,2023ZHCG0008。
文摘Data augmentation plays an important role in training deep neural model by expanding the size and diversity of the dataset.Initially,data augmentation mainly involved some simple transformations of images.Later,in order to increase the diversity and complexity of data,more advanced methods appeared and evolved to sophisticated generative models.However,these methods required a mass of computation of training or searching.In this paper,a novel training-free method that utilises the Pre-Trained Segment Anything Model(SAM)model as a data augmentation tool(PTSAM-DA)is proposed to generate the augmented annotations for images.Without the need for training,it obtains prompt boxes from the original annotations and then feeds the boxes to the pre-trained SAM to generate diverse and improved annotations.In this way,annotations are augmented more ingenious than simple manipulations without incurring huge computation for training a data augmentation model.Multiple comparative experiments on three datasets are conducted,including an in-house dataset,ADE20K and COCO2017.On this in-house dataset,namely Agricultural Plot Segmentation Dataset,maximum improvements of 3.77%and 8.92%are gained in two mainstream metrics,mIoU and mAcc,respectively.Consequently,large vision models like SAM are proven to be promising not only in image segmentation but also in data augmentation.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20202002)Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Scientific Committee (BK20211526)+6 种基金Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund (SCX (20)3332)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31972060)Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020T130305)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYGD202003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M640491)Postdoctoral Research Funding of Jiangsu Province (2018K030B)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
文摘Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs)are important components for food,pharmaceutical and fuel industries.Nevertheless,engineering microorganisms to produce MCFAs often induces toxicity and stresses towards host strains,which could be alleviated via accelerating the export of MCFAs from cells.However,current secretory systems are inefficient and require inducible promoters.Here,a multi-layer genome mining and phylogenomic analysis was developed to identify efficient efflux transporters.Firstly,based on the genomic mining of 397 strains throughout various representative species,the evolutionary history of efflux transporters was recapitulated,and further experimental analysis revealed that acrE from Citrobacter exhibited the best performance.Secondly,according to the further mining of 797 Citrobacter genomes and 1084 Escherichia genomes,a detailed phylogenomic analysis of efflux transporter-centric genomic vicinities was performed.This led to the identification of efficient efflux pump combination acrE and acrF.These efflux pumps were then combined with the quorum-sensing circuit from Enterococcus faecalis to regulate MCFA efflux in an autonomous manner,which achieved a 4.9-fold boost in MCFA production and firstly demonstrated the efficient and autonomous efflux pump specially for MCFAs.The integrative omics technologies described here are enabling the utilization of the increasingly large database and the effective mining of target gene diversities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130069)the"Strategic Priority Research Program A of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"(XDA26010102)the Scientific Research Fund teacher project of Education Department of Yunnan Province(2023J0002).
文摘Alpine regions sequester large vulnerable and unprotected soil organic carbon(SOC),determining its extreme sensitivity to global change and pivotal role in the carbon cycle.However,there is ongoing debate regarding how SOC storage and its stabilizing mechanism vary along altitudinal gradients.Here,we examined the SOC contents of soil aggregate and density fractions,and their interactions with climate,biology,and soil properties along elevation(2100-3900 m)of western Yulong Mountain in Southwest China.Results showed that SOC contents in bulk soils and heavy fractions significantly increased with elevated altitudes,whereas no changes in aggregates.The increasing Fe/Al oxides with altitudes might be responsible for such significant variations.While soil C-enzyme activities had strong effects on increasing SOC in macroaggregates(>250μm),aggregate stability(indicated by mean weight diameter and soil erodibility)mainly reduced SOC in microaggregates,silt and clay(<250μm).The structural equation models further showed that 57%-91%of variations in SOC contents could be explained by environmental variables,with the Fe/Al oxides showing the strongest positive associations with SOC contents in bulk soils,light and heavy fractions.Taken together,our results emphasized positive impacts of mineral protection on the SOC stabilization at high altitudes.This not only offers novel insights into predicting soil C stability in alpine regions but also provides practical significance for soil C pool management across various altitudes.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Frontier Technology R&D Program(SBF2024001119)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32425044)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JUSRP622013Collaborative innovation center of food safety and quality control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Akkermansia,a next-generation probiotic candidate,exhibits a reduced abundance in obesity yet persists in the gut,suggesting unique adaptive mechanisms for survival in this adverse metabolic environment.To elucidate these mechanisms,a comparative pan-genome analysis of 494 Akkermansia metagenome-assembled genomes from hosts with diverse body mass indices was conducted.It was found that the genus possesses high genetic diversity,with Akkermansia muciniphila as the dominant species(80%),though species distribution itself was not correlated with BMI.There were 15 genes significantly enriched in obese individuals.These genes may potentially be involved in pathways such as nutrient acquisition,antioxidant stress response,energy metabolism,translational fidelity,and viral defense.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that these genes are associated with pathways including the tricarboxylic acid cycle and lipoic acid metabolism.These findings suggest potential adaptive functional mechanisms of Akkermansia for survival in the obese gut environment,providing novel insights for the development of targeted probiotics addressing obesity-related conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.32425044 and U23A20259]supported by the Special Fund for Science and Technology Program of Jiangsu Province BM2022019+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities JUSRP622013Supercomputing facilities were provided by the Computing Center of Xi'anMOE Medical Basic Research Innovation Center for Gut Microbiota and Chronic Diseases,School of medicine,Jiangnan university.
文摘Gluten,a vital functional protein in food processing,cannot be fully digested by human endogenous proteases upon entering the digestive tract,resulting in a range of peptides of varying lengths.Among these,the 33-mer peptide derived fromα-gliadin is recognized as the core immunodominant epitope that triggers celiac disease.Based on the core hypothesis that“gut microbes co-evolve with humans,and their encoded enzyme libraries are better adapted to the intestinal environment and food substrates”,we mined novel prolyl endopeptidases(PEPs)from the human Gut Microbiome Reference(GMR)using a strategy combining sequence similarity network(SSN)and degree value ranking.We further characterized the PEPs,which exhibit distinct biochemical prop-erties.Results showed that all PEPs exhibited better thermal stability at 50℃than the reference sequence HC;C9-2 had the optimal catalytic efficiency(kcat/Km=31.441±5.675 min^(-1)mM^(-1));and C11-1 displayed the most abundant cleavage sites for the 33-mer peptide.This study provides a reusable screening paradigm for functional enzymes and lays a solid foundation for the development of gluten-degrading enzyme therapies.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4702300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273097)+5 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515010194)Key Areas Special Project for Scientific Research in Universities and Colleges of Guangdong Province(2025zDzX3031)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project(2022A0505050017)Foshan Key Area Technology Research Foundation(2120001011009)Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Administration for Market Regulation(2025CT08)Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Institute of Special Equipment Inspection(2024JD205)。
文摘Semantic segmentation methods based on RGB images exhibit notable limitations in complex industrial scenarios,particularly in addressing interference factors such as dynamic lighting variations and polymorphic weld seam morphologies,which lead to insufficient feature extraction capabilities and reduced segmentation accuracy and robustness.To address these limitations,this study proposes a polymorphic weld seam semantic segmentation model(PwsM)based on multi-level feature fusion,which effectively integrates the informational advantages of RGB and depth images to enhance perceptual capabilities in complex environments.The proposed model introduces a Dual-Stream Dual-modal Fusion(DsDF)module that employs channel selection and spatial selection strategies to extract and enhance complementary features from RGB and depth images.Concurrently,a Multi-Level Feature Fusion Module(ML-FFM)is developed to progressively integrate low-level and high-level semantic information through a multi-scale mechanism,refining boundary features while preserving the integrity of feature representation.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves superior segmentation performance on a complex multi-form weld seam dataset,particularly showing enhanced accuracy and robustness in challenging scenarios involving occlusions and illumination variations.Compared with existing single-modal and multi-modal models,the proposed model achieves performance improvements of 1.52%and 0.65%,respectively,providing effective technical support for intelligent perception of polymorphic weld seams.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2301403)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22237003,82225028,82172287 and 22307019)+4 种基金Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023J01506,China)Fujian Provincial Foundation for Education and Scientific Research Projects of Young and Middle-aged Teachers(JAT220044,China)Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory(2023XAKJ0101011,China)Scientific Research Start-up Fund for High-Level Talents in Fujian Normal University(China)the Cultivation Plan for Science and Technology Innovation Team from the College of Life Sciences,Fujian Normal University(China).
文摘Cell death is a central process for organismal health.Pyroptosis,namely pyroptotic cell death,is recognized as a critical type that disrupts membrane and triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion via gasdermins,providing a robust form of cytolysis.Meanwhile,along with the thorough research,a great deal of evidence has demonstrated the dual effects of pyroptosis in host defense and inflammatory diseases.More importantly,the recent identification of abundant gasdermin-like proteins in bacteria and fungi suggests an ancient origin of pyroptosis-based regulated cell death in the life evolution.In this review,we bring a general overview of pyroptosis pathways focusing on gasdermin structural biology,regulatory mechanisms,and recent progress in induction and inhibition strategies for disease treatment.We look forward to providing an insightful perspective for readers to comprehend the frame and challenges of the pyroptosis field,and to accelerating its clinical application.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4702300)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273097)+3 种基金in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(2022A1515140044,2019A1515110304,2020A1515110255,and 2021B1515120017)in part by the Research Foundation of Universities of Guangdong Province,China(2019KZDZX1026,2020KCXTD015,and 2021KCXTD083)in part by the Foshan Key Area Technology Research Foundation,China(2120001011009)in part by the Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Program,China(GD23XTS03).
文摘The selective attenuation and scattering of light in underwater environments cause color distortion and contrast reduction in underwater images,which can impede the ever-growing demand for underwater robot operations.To address these issues,we propose a Multi-Color space Residual Network(MCRNet)for underwater image enhancement.Our method takes advantage of the unique features of color representation in the RGB,HSV,and Lab color spaces.By utilizing the distinct feature representations of images in different color spaces,we can highlight and fuse the most informative features of the three color spaces.Our approach employs a self-attention mechanism in the multi-color space feature fusion module.Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves satisfactory results in color correction and contrast improvement of underwater images,particularly in severely degraded scenes.Consequently,our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both subjective visual comparison and objective evaluation metrics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:52206070)Innovative Research Group Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:52021004)+1 种基金Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(Grant No.:cx2021080)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:52106074).
文摘Centrifugal granulation is one key step to enable waste heat recovery from the molten slag in the iron and steel industry.Yet,it remains unknown about the granulation characteristics of molten slag with different chemical compositions,especially at high throughput.In this work,we provided an experimental study on centrifugal granulation with four types of molten slags.The stage-specific centrifugal granulation was recorded and analyzed at first.Both effects of atomizer configuration and chemical compositions on granulation were investigated in detail.The cup-type atomizer favors film-mode disintegration and possesses better anti-adhesion capacity although the final granule size was not strongly affected by the atomizer configuration.Most importantly,centrifugal granulation has been demonstrated with appreciable adaptability to composition-specific blast furnace(BF)slag with binary basicity of 0.9-1.3.The present study not only sheds light on the modest effect of the chemical composition of molten slag on centrifugal granulation characteristics,but also gains credit for the adaptivity of CGATER.
